Browsing by Author "Jyoti Singh"

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3D food printing: Paving way towards novel foods
(Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2020) Somya Singhal; Prasad Rasane; Sawinder Kaur; Umar Garba; Akshay Bankar; Jyoti Singh; Neeru Gupta
3D food printing, a part of additive manufacturing technique is used to modify the process of the food manufacturing in terms of color, shape, flavor, texture and nutrition. It liberates the user to identify and modify their meal according to one’s desire, matching to the very minute details. Currently, it is used in decorating and fabricating, food products such as chocolate, cookies and cakes. The process of printing foods depends on several factors such as the physical state of food (whether powder, liquid or semi-solid), size and shape of the syringes to be used and the composition of the ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Apart from the use of 3D food printing for fabrication, it can also play an important role in solving malnutrition by enhancing the nutritional profile of the meal. The objective of this review is to highlight the different methods used in 3D food printing, 3D food printers, benefits of 3D food printing and challenges faced while food printing. Moreover, the paper discusses the applications of 3D food printing and its scope in the near future. © 2020, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. All rights reserved.
A Thorough Comprehension of Host Endophytic Interaction Entailing the Biospherical Benefits: A Metabolomic Perspective
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2019) Shatrupa Ray; Jyoti Singh; Rahul Singh Rajput; Smriti Yadav; Surendra Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Endophytism is the phenomenon of in planta residency and mutualistic association of microbes with hosts without causing any disease symptoms. The multifaceted attributes of endophytes include plant growth promotion as well as resistance of the host to several forms of abiotic or biotic stresses. Moreover, endophytes are reported to manipulate the rhizospheric microbiota as well as the microbiota present within plants so as to amplify the host beneficial mechanisms. Endophyte mediated host beneficial traits become far more significant owing to the differential recruitment of endophytes by host under varying root exudate profile, host’s age, as well as host-endophyte compatibility. However, in spite of such beneficial attributes, our understanding of endophytes is still quite limited and inadequate. Thus, the true potential of endophytes can be particularly harnessed when we gain a thorough insight on the molecular mechanisms responsible for mutualistic host-endophyte interaction. In this chapter, we present an exhaustive investigation of endophyte-plant interaction, beginning from chemotactic attraction of the supposed endophytic microflora from soil to establishment of endophytism. We will also focus on the endophyte-directed metabolite biosynthesis aiding in effective host functioning. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Advancement in bioinformatics and microarray-based technologies for genome sequence analysis and its application in bioremediation of soil and water pollutants
(Elsevier, 2020) Jyoti Singh; Madhuri Gupta; Kaushalendra Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar; Deepanker Yadav; Wang Wenjing; Prashant Kumar Singh
The microarray is an excellent platform for the understanding of complex regulatory as well as functional mechanisms operating in various cellular processes and, hence, microarray significantly contributing to human welfare. However, voluminous data generated following to microarray, requiring a series of consecutive-analyses to extract useful information to draw any conclusion. Moreover, bioinformatics is an emerging tool advocated for the generation of valuable information’s from large datasets, such as microarray, RNA sequencing, next-generation sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics. Therefore, to make these experiments interpretable, a series of algorithms must be applied. Thus, in recent decades, microarray in combination with bioinformatics has transformed the field of biology by enhancing our fundamental understanding of how genome shapes the organism. In this chapter, we discuss key concepts, tools, software, and databases used in bioinformatics for the interpretation of large datasets. Furthermore, some fundamental issues associated with sequence analyses, transcriptomic studies, computational proteomics and metabolomics, bioontologies, and biological databases covered to gain our fundamental understanding of the general approaches and algorithms currently employed in the microarray. Today’s world is suffering from various environmental pollutants that impose a negative impact on our lifestyles. Therefore an economical and eco-friendly way is urgently calling the attention of scientists. Recently, bioremediation emerges as a hopeful tool, which utilizes microbes to clean our environment. The microarray and bioinformatics approach could be applied for the identification and characterization of novel microbes, which will serve as an inoculum in wastes bioremediation. However, this field is remaining elusive because of the complex biological activities of these microbes, and a better knowledge of their interactions could only be possible through microarray and bioinformatics. Several molecular and bioinformatic tools such as genomics, transcriptomics, translatomics, proteomics, evogenimics, metagenomics, metabolomics are used to gather information on such interaction. In this chapter, we discuss the role of microarray-based technologies and bioinformatics in the bioremediation of wastes. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Alterations in certain immunological parameters in the skin mucus of the carp, Cirrhinus mrigala, infected with the bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Jyoti Singh; Ayan Srivastava; Ashwini Kumar Nigam; Usha Kumari; Swati Mittal; Ajay Kumar Mittal
The bacterial fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda causes heavy stock mortality, severely hampering fish production, resulting in great economic loss to the farming industry. The first biological barriers that confer immune protection against pathogen entry are the fish mucosal surfaces. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of E. tarda on certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in the skin mucous secretions of the fish Cirrhinus mrigala using spectrophotometry and zymography. Fish were randomly divided into three groups: control, vehicle control, and infected. A sublethal dose of E. tarda (2.2 × 106 CFU/fish) suspended in 50 μL of PBS was injected intra-peritoneally at 0 day (d). Subsequently, mucus samples were collected at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d post-infection. The activities of lysozyme (LYZ), protease (PROT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PER), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased significantly in the skin mucus of the challenged fish, indicating the suppressed immune system and decreased antioxidant capacity of C. mrigala to E. tarda infection. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and total nitrate-nitrite were significantly higher at several time points post-infection, suggesting that physiological functions have been impaired following pathogen challenge. The present findings could be relevant for fish aquaculture and underline the importance of skin mucus not only for assessing fish immune status but also for identifying early warning signals of disease caused by pathogens. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Ambient UV-B exposure reduces the binding of ofloxacin with bacterial DNA gyrase and induces DNA damage mediated apoptosis
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Syed Faiz Mujtaba; Krishna P. Singh; Manish Kumar Pal; Deepti Chopra; Shruti Goyal; Ajeet K. Srivastav; Divya Dubey; Shailendra K. Gupta; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
Ofloxacin (OFLX) is a broad spectrum antibiotic, which generates photo-products under sunlight exposure. Previous studies have failed to explain the attenuated anti-bacterial activity of OFLX. The study was extended to explore the unknown molecular mechanism of photogenotoxicity on human skin cell line (HaCaT) under environmental UV-B irradiation. Photochemically OFLX generates ROS and caused 2′-dGuO photodegradation. We have addressed the binding affinity of OFLX and its photo-products against DNA gyrase. Significant free radical generation such as 1O2, O2•- and •OH reduces antioxidants and demonstrated the ROS mediated OFLX phototoxicity. However, the formation of micronuclei and CPDs showed photogenotoxic potential of OFLX. OFLX induced cell cycle arrest in sub-G1 peak. OFLX triggers apoptosis via permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane with the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and caspase-3 whereas, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Cyto-C proteins. Our study illustrated that binding affinity of OFLX photo-products with DNA gyrase was mainly responsible for the attenuated antimicrobial activity. It was proved through molecular docking study. Thus, study suggests that sunlight exposure should avoid by drug users especially during peak hours for their safety from photosensitivity. Clinicians may guide patients regarding the safer use of photosensitive drugs during treatment. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of selected varieties of piper betle L. (Betel leaf)
(Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 2018) Chayanika Sarma; Prasad Rasane; Sawinder Kaur; Jyoti Singh; Joginder Singh; Yogesh Gat; Umar Garba; Damanpreet Kaur; Kajal Dhawan
Piper betle L., is an evergreen perennial creeper belonging to family Piperaceae and is known to possess numerous medicinal properties. Current study focuses on evaluating antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of betel leaf. For the present study, distilled water, hexane, acetone and ethanolic extracts of two varieties of betel leaves: Meetha paan and Banarasi paan were used. Biochemical tests such as proximate analysis (moisture, ash, protein, lipids, minerals viz., sodium and potassium), antioxidant activity tests (DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, reducing power) and antimicrobial test (antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility test) against four pathogens viz., B. subtilis, E. coli, A. niger and S. cerevisiae were determined. Ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity (89.46% inhibition), while the aqueous extract exhibited lowest antioxidant activity (62.03% inhibition). With increasing concentration (5, 10, 25 and 50 µg/mL), the reducing power of leaf extracts also increased. The ascorbic acid was not significant in Banarasi paan (5.21mg/100 g) and Meetha paan (5.20mg/100 g). The highest antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract (Banarasi paan) may be attributed to the presence of phytosterols in the leaf varieties. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential study will help to build a database and promote the utilization of betel leaf as a medicinal herb. © 2018, Academia Brasileira de Ciencias. All rights reserved.
Automatic classification of uml class diagrams using deep learning technique: Convolutional neural network
(MDPI AG, 2021) Bethany Gosala; Sripriya Roy Chowdhuri; Jyoti Singh; Manjari Gupta; Alok Mishra
Unified Modeling Language (UML) includes various types of diagrams that help to study, analyze, document, design, or develop any software efficiently. Therefore, UML diagrams are of great advantage for researchers, software developers, and academicians. Class diagrams are the most widely used UML diagrams for this purpose. Despite its recognition as a standard modeling language for Object-Oriented software, it is difficult to learn. Although there exist repositories that aids the users with the collection of UML diagrams, there is still much more to explore and develop in this domain. The objective of our research was to develop a tool that can automatically classify the images as UML class diagrams and non-UML class diagrams. Earlier research used Machine Learning techniques for classifying class diagrams. Thus, they are required to identify image features and investigate the impact of these features on the UML class diagrams classification problem. We developed a new approach for automatically classifying class diagrams using the approach of Convolutional Neural Network under the domain of Deep Learning. We have applied the code on Convolutional Neural Networks with and without the Regularization technique. Our tool receives JPEG/PNG/GIF/TIFF images as input and predicts whether it is a UML class diagram image or not. There is no need to tag images of class diagrams as UML class diagrams in our dataset. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Ayurvedic strategy to achieve sustainable development goal 3: Management of cancer (Arbuda)
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Anupriya Singh; Anjali Upadhyay; Jyoti Singh; Ambrish Kumar Singh; Dev Nath Singh Gautam; Narendra Kumar Singh
Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality as well as growing health problems worldwide. Effective drugs and therapies are available for different kinds of cancer also having side effects; hence people seek relatively safer as well as cost-effective alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of cancer. The objective of the present chapter is to provide Ayurvedic concept-based evidence for the treatment and management of cancer to the academician and researcher who garners interest in cancer. The present study provides comprehensive information about Arbuda (cancer) and its probable remedy through Ayurveda and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that is SDG 3. Arbuda develops due to Mithya Ahar (unhealthy diet) and Mithya Vihar (unhealthy lifestyle) leading to imbalance in Vatadi Doshas (regulatory functional factors of the body) which leads to vitiation of Dhatus (major structural components of the body). Vitiated Dhatus results in the formation of muscular swelling anywhere in the body with the appearance of large, circular, immobile, less painful, slowly growing and deep-seated swelling such a clinical entity termed as Arbuda. Symptomatically, Arbuda may have a resemblance with clinical entities such as cancer. However, the exact pathogenesis of cancer does not match these two conditions, but still, it may be possibly correlated up to a certain extent. The involvement of one or two Doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha), produce benign neoplasm which is harmless but the association of all three Doshas (Sannipataja/Tridoshaja) produces malignant neoplasm, which is harmful. The term Dviarbuda (metastasis) and Adhyarbuda (recurrence) are considered Asadhya (incurable) and these two terminologies may be correlated to the metastatic growth of cancer cells. Management of Arbuda includes all those plants having Laghu, Ruksha and Tikshna Guna may possess Lekhana and Kaphashamak action. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc..
Belowground fungal volatiles perception in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) facilitates plant growth under biotic stress
(Elsevier GmbH, 2021) Jyoti Singh; Prachi Singh; Anukool Vaishnav; Shatrupa Ray; Rahul Singh Rajput; Shiv Mohan Singh; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) have great potential in plant ecophysiology, yet the role of belowground VOCs in plant stress management remains largely obscure. Analysis of biocontrol producing VOCs into the soil allow detailed insight into their interaction with soil borne pathogens for plant disease management. A root interaction trial was set up to evaluate the effects of VOCs released from Trichoderma viride BHU-V2 on soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen and okra plant growth. VOCs released into soil by T. viride BHU-V2 inhibited the growth of collar rot pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. Okra plants responded to VOCs by increasing the root growth (lateral roots) and total biomass content. VOCs exposure increased defense mechanism in okra plants by inducing different enzyme activities i.e. chitinase (0.89 fold), β-1,3-glucanase (0.42 fold), peroxidase (0.29 fold), polyphenol oxidase (0.33 fold) and phenylalanine lyase (0.7 fold) when inoculated with S. rolfsii. In addition, T. viride BHU-V2 secreted VOCs reduced lipid peroxidation and cell death in okra plants under pathogen inoculated condition. GC/MS analysis of VOCs blend revealed that T. viride BHU-V2 produced more number of antifungal compounds in soil medium as compared to standard medium. Based on the above observations it is concluded that okra plant roots perceive VOCs secreted by T. viride BHU-V2 into soil that involved in induction of plant defense system against S. rolfsii. In an ecological context, the findings reveal that belowground microbial VOCs may play an important role in stress signaling mechanism to interact with plants. © 2021
Beneficial microbiomes for bioremediation of diverse contaminated environments for environmental sustainability: present status and future challenges
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Divjot Kour; Tanvir Kaur; Rubee Devi; Ashok Yadav; Manali Singh; Divya Joshi; Jyoti Singh; Deep Chandra Suyal; Ajay Kumar; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ajar Nath Yadav; Karan Singh; Joginder Singh; Riyaz Z. Sayyed; Naveen Kumar Arora; Anil Kumar Saxena
Over the past few decades, the rapid development of agriculture and industries has resulted in contamination of the environment by diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, plastics, and various agrochemicals. Their presence in the environment is of great concern due to their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature. Their interaction with each other and coexistence in the environment greatly influence and threaten the ecological environment and human health. Furthermore, the presence of these pollutants affects the soil quality and fertility. Physicochemical techniques are used to remediate such environments, but they are less effective and demand high costs of operation. Bioremediation is an efficient, widespread, cost-effective, and eco-friendly cleanup tool. The use of microorganisms has received significant attention as an efficient biotechnological strategy to decontaminate the environment. Bioremediation through microorganisms appears to be an economically viable and efficient approach because it poses the lowest risk to the environment. This technique utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. Many microbial genera have been known to be involved in bioremediation, including Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Mucor, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma. Archaea, including Natrialba and Haloferax, from extreme environments have also been reported as potent bioresources for biological remediation. Thus, utilizing microbes for managing environmental pollution is promising technology, and, in fact, the microbes provide a useful podium that can be used for an enhanced bioremediation model of diverse environmental pollutants. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Cactus cladode polysaccharide as cryoprotectant in frozen Paneer (Indian Cottage Cheese)
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Anirban Dey; Prasad Rasane; Somya Singhal; Vikas Kumar; Sawinder Kaur; Jyoti Singh; Umar Garba; Navneet Kaur; Mehak Arora
The study investigated the optimisation of freezing conditions for Paneer (Indian cottage cheese) incorporated with cactus cladode polysaccharide as cryoprotectant. The freezing rate of both natural and commercial cryoprotectant-containing samples varied significantly. The optimised (2% natural cryoprotectant) Paneer sample had about 44% moisture content, 14% protein, 16% carbohydrate and 22% fat. Freezing time of optimised Paneer sample packed in metalised polyester was 40 min. The study concluded that Paneer incorporated with 2% cactus cladode polysaccharide, packaged using metalised polyester and frozen with packaged immersion freezing method, had the least freezing time (40 min) and retained better texture during freezing. © 2019 Society of Dairy Technology
Changes in soil characteristics around coal-fired power plants
(1995) Jyoti Singh; M. Agrawal; Deo Narayan
The impact of coal-fired power plant emissions on certain physical and chemical properties of the soil was studied. A significant increase in bulk density and a decrease in porosity were observed at the sites receiving higher pollution than the control site. Soil pH was mostly alkaline at the polluted sites. The organic carbon content of the soil increased with increasing pollution load. Thermal power plant emissions have led to significant increases in the soil sulphate sulphur and exchangeable calcium contents, while reducing significantly total nitrogen. Reduction in total-N was positively correlated with the N-mineralization rate. The changes in total and organic sulphur, exchangeable potassium, and available phosphorus contents of soil were not significant. Significant positive correlations were found between dust fall rate and exchangeable Ca2+ and K+ contents of the soil and between ambient SO2 concentrations and soil SO42--S contents. The values of trace elements such as Mn, Fe, Cd Cu, Pb, and Ni were higher at sites closer to thermal power plants. © 1995.
Changes in vegetation characteristics downwind of an aluminium factory in india
(1994) Deo Narayan; M. Agrawal; J. Pandey; Jyoti Singh
Vegetation characteristics were assessed at different distances downwind of an aluminium factory to elucidate changes in community attributes. The importance value index (1V1) of sensitive species decreased and those of tolerant species increased with the increasing pollution load around the factory. Plant community composition changed with distance from this source. Species richness and the Shannon-Weiner index increased with the increasing distance from the source, while concentration of dominance declined from 1 to 11 km. The similarity coefficient indicated that the third and fifth sites are closer to each other, and first and fourth sites are farthest. The shape of the species sequence vs. the IVI distribution curve slipped from the shape of log normal distribution at sites receiving higher pollution load. The woody layer is found to be more affected compared to the herbaceous layer. The aluminium factory impact was most pronounced up to 4 km downwind of the source. Data on ambient air quality were found to be directly related to the unfavourable changes in community attributes. © 1994 Annals of Botany Company.
Charge plate technique in recoil study: Evidence for collection of recoil charged species from solid targets on metal electrodes
(Springer India, 1992) Shuddhodan P. Mishra; Jyoti Singh
The occurrence of charge on recoil56Mn produced by the (n,γ) reaction in polycrystalline potassium permanganate has been examined using the 'charge plate technique'. From considerations of capture gamma ray decay schemes and internal conversion it appears that, in a condensed medium, the recoil atom develops charge after losing much of its initial kinetic energy which allows collection on charged electrodes. © 1992 Indian Academy of Sciences.
Cold plasma processing: A review
(SPB Pharma Society, 2016) Anirban Dey; Prasad Rasane; Asish Choudhury; Jyoti Singh; Daniel Maisnam; Pallavi Rasane
The increase in the outbreaks reported due to consumption of infected produce has increased to a larger extent. Conventional technologies hamper the quality of food. To fulfill the need of an efficient cold processing method, researchers came up with a novel technology known as plasma technology. Two type's thermal and non-Thermal plasma exists. The non-Thermal or cold plasma technology is now the prime consideration in food processing industries viz. post-harvest, meat, packaging etc. Cold plasma plays an important role in decontamination of food and packaging materials from microorganisms, manufacturing of packaging materials, active packaging and retards browning reactions. Cold plasma withholds the ability to manufacture high quality fresh and processed food products.
Comparative kinetic analysis of convective and vacuum dried Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. cladodes
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2019) Anirban Dey; Somya Singhal; Prasad Rasane; Sawinder Kaur; Navneet Kaur; Jyoti Singh
Opuntia ficus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller more usually known as fodder palm or nopal belongs to family Cactaceae. In the present study, the drying behavior of the O. ficus-indica cladodes was observed. The study concentrates on comparatively studying two types of commercial drying methods viz., forced convective drying (tray drying) and vacuum drying to dry nopal cladodes at three different temperatures viz. 40, 50 and 60°C. The equilibrium moisture contents for forced convective drying was achieved at 540-720 min and for that of vacuum drying at 600-840 min. Three mathematical drying models for thin layer drying viz. Page, Lewis and Henderson-Pabis model were evaluated for both convective drying and vacuum drying. Statistical parameters such as the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), root mean square error and reduced χ 2 were used to fit the models. Page model was found to be satisfactory for both forced convective and vacuum drying of the nopal cladodes at 40 and 50°C respectively. Among these, two drying methods, forced convective drying method was found to be more suitable than the vacuum drying method for nopal cladodes on the basis of drying time and statistical parameters. © 2019 Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.
Corrigendum to “PLGA nanoformulation of sparfloxacin enhanced antibacterial activity with photoprotective potential under ambient UV-R exposure” [Int. J. Pharm. 541 (2018) 173–187] (International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2018) 541(1–2) (173–187), (S0378517318301091) (10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.028))
(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Lipika Ray; Deepti Chopra; Divya Dubey; Ajeet K. Srivastva; Smita Kumari; Randhir Kumar Yadav; Saroj Kumar Amar; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
The authors regret that mistakes related to image duplication, quality and labeling were found in Fig. 7b Fig. 9 Fig. 10 a. The corrected images are now provided as Figs. 7b, 9c, d and 10a. These mistakes do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Corrigendum to “PLGA nanoformulation of sparfloxacin enhanced antibacterial activity with photoprotective potential under ambient UV-R exposure” [Int. J. Pharm. 541 (2018) 173–187](S0378517318301091)(10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.028)
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Jyoti Singh; Ashish Dwivedi; Lipika Ray; Deepti Chopra; Divya Dubey; Ajeet K. Srivastva; Smita Kumari; Randhir Kumar Yadav; Saroj Kumar Amar; Chandana Haldar; Ratan Singh Ray
The authors regret to inform that there were inadvertent errors in some figures. The corrected images are given below. These corrections are not affecting the results and conclusion of the manuscript. Hence, the text in the original article remains unchanged. The corrected Fig. 8 is as follows: The corrected Fig. 12 is as follows: The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Design pattern detection using dpdetect algorithm
(Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication, 2019) Jyoti Singh; Manjari Gupta
Design Patterns help to solve several recurring design issues in object oriented software. Expert software designers give design in terms of already proven design patterns to make their design more standard and less error-prone. Having the knowledge of design patterns used in the design helps to get insight into design. Thus detection of Design Patterns is very important for software designer to get significant information during re-engineering process. Detecting Design Patterns from source code or design of software system will help in the software understanding and its maintenance. It is also useful for novice developers who can get the idea about how to give solution (design) of any particular application using design patterns proposed by expert designers. Many design patterns detection approaches have been proposed by different researchers working in this field for more than two decades. These approaches consider structural, behavioural and/or semantic analysis of software system. Many sub graph isomorphism techniques were used to detect design patterns in case of structural analysis. In this paper we are using a branch and bound with backtracking algorithm for sub graph isomorphism, proposed by Asiler and Yazici [19]. We use this algorithm to show how this recover all the instances of design patterns from system design(renamed as DPDetect). Our main aim is to detect whether a particular design instance of design pattern is found in system design or not. It uses structural aspects of design patterns so it is based on only static analysis. © BEIESP.
Detecting design patterns: a hybrid approach based on graph matching and static analysis
(Springer, 2022) Jyoti Singh; Sripriya Roy Chowdhuri; Gosala Bethany; Manjari Gupta
Knowledge and understanding about system design are very important for the development and maintenance of any software system due to certain deadlines and frequent changes in requirements and environment. However, it is a very difficult task to analyse design automatically. Design patterns give standard solutions to common design problems. It is very helpful to find existence of such patterns in the source code. It will reduce effort and time required in understanding and thus in the maintenance activity. In this paper we propose a tool DPDT for detecting design patterns from system software. We use graph matching process to find exact instances of design patterns mapped to system software. In graph matching structural aspects are considered. After that static facts of software systems and design patterns are used to reduce the number of false positives. We evaluate our result on two well-known open source software: JHotDraw and JUnit and compared the result of DPDT with existing tools (Sempatrec, DPF, SSA, DeMIMA, and Depatos) of design patterns detection. It is found that for proxy design patterns our tool out performs the all other tools. Further, for few design patterns it is giving moderate results while other tools did not consider those design patterns. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.