Browsing by Author "K. Kobayashi"

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A comparison of North American and Asian exposure-response data for ozone effects on crop yields
(2009) L.D. Emberson; P. Büker; M.R. Ashmore; G. Mills; L.S. Jackson; M. Agrawal; M.D. Atikuzzaman; S. Cinderby; M. Engardt; C. Jamir; K. Kobayashi; N.T.K. Oanh; Q.F. Quadir; A. Wahid
Modelling-based studies to assess the extent and magnitude of ozone (O3) risk to agriculture in Asia suggest that yield losses of 5-20% for important crops may be common in areas experiencing elevated O3 concentrations. These assessments have relied on European and North American dose-response relationships and hence assumed an equivalent Asian crop response to O3 for local cultivars, pollutant conditions and climate. To test this assumption we collated comparable dose-response data derived from fumigation, filtration and EDU experiments conducted in Asia on wheat, rice and leguminous crop species. These data are pooled and compared with equivalent North American dose-response relationships. The Asian data show that at ambient O3 concentrations found at the study sites (which vary between ∼35-75 ppb 4-8 h growing season mean), yield losses for wheat, rice and legumes range between 5-48, 3-47 and 10-65%, respectively. The results indicate that Asian grown wheat and rice cultivars are more sensitive to O3 than the North American dose-response relationships would suggest. For legumes the scatter in the data makes it difficult to reach any equivalent conclusion in relative sensitivities. As such, existing modelling-based risk assessments may have substantially underestimated the scale of the problem in Asia through use of North American derived dose-response relationships. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Proceedings of the international session of the 26th annual meeting October 18-20, 1984-Chiba, Japan
(Springer-Verlag, 1985) Y. Kato; H. Miyamori; M. Unoura; N. Ohmizo; N. Tanaka; K. Kobayashi; N. Hattori; Y. Arakawa; S. Amaki; T. Shikata; Bang-Hyun Liu; K. Kanai; S. Morioka; M. Nishida; H. Noto; K. Takahashi; K. Matsushita; R.P. Beasley; Lu-Yu Hwang; M. Yano; M. Shima; E. Tsunoda; M. Koga; T. Minamino; T. Tsuji; K. Kagawa; T. Okuno; T. Takino; Takeshi Kurihara; Hiroshi Obata; K. Okita; T. Konishi; Y. Kado; O. Yokosuka; M. Omata; F. Imazeki; M. Ryuu; K. Okuda; Keiji Mitamura; D.S. Chen; J.L. Sung; M.Y. Lai; J.C. Sheu; H.C. Hsu; T. Nakamura; T. Morizane; M. Tsuchiya; K. Kobayashi; K. Okawa; K. Kobayashi; A. Kitano; S. Kuwajima; H. Hashimura; T. Matsumoto; M. Hiki; S. Yamamoto; Y. Kinoshita; H. Nagura; Y. Shioda; Y. Tsutsumi; H. Hasegawa; K. Watanabe; T. Kanoh; O. Nishida; H. Uchino; T. Miyake; Y. Hishitani; D.K. Bhargava; B.N.Tandon Shriniwas; B.M.L. Kapur; T.C. Chawla; Usha Kiran; J.P. Gupta; A.K. Jain; B.K. Agrawal; Saroj Gupta; M. Chiba; M. Sasaki; M. Konn; Y. Yamanaka; T. Morita; T. Hashizume; K. Nara; H. Odagiri; M. Fujii; K. Ono; Y. Nio; T. Tsuchitani; T. Inamoto; H. Kodama; T. Tobe; Z.R. Shi; Y.S. Kim; H. Yamaoka; K. Nishiyama; S. Tajima; T. Fukushima; S. Tsuchiya; K. Kuroe; A. Kimura; Y. Suwa; H. Furukawa; T. Miyake; M. Watanabe; T. Yoshida; S. Aiso; H. Asakura; M. Tsuchiya; M. Miura; N. Hiwatashi; Y. Fujiyama; K. Kobayashi; T. Bamba; S. Hosoda; Y. Benno; Y. Wakashin; M. Wakashin; T. Mori; S. Ueda; H. Yoshida; Y. Mori; K. Okuda; Li You; Ye Wei-Fa; Guang-Xao Yang; Wei-Fa Ye; R.H.H. Nelwan; B.M. Gandhi; H. Gupta; M. Irshad; B.N. Tandon; Mong Cho; Xie-ning Wu; Rakesh K. Tandon; A.K. Srivastava; R.K. Misra; Shi-hu Jiang; Yan-zun Lin; S.A. Abdurachman; Sujono Hadi; K.R. Bhat; Wang Baoen; N. Madanagopalan; V. Solomon; V. Jayanthi; K. Raghuram; I. Kandasamy; S. Annapoorani; A. Gajarai; M. Panchanadam; Y.K. Joshi; A. Hassan; H. Guntur; R. Soemarto; S.H. Rahardja; W. Soemarto; Keun-Soo Park; G.B. Yao; L.M. Zhang; M.F. Wu; S.T. Tong; Y.F. Tian; N. Iwai; H. Kaneda; T. Tsuto; J. Yanagihara; T. Takahashi; Zhang Jinkun; Hamid A. Durrani; J.P. Gupta; A.K. Jain; A.K. Govil; V.N.P. Tripathi; Z.R. Shi; D.Y. Yin; F.Q. Wen; Jinkun Zhang; V.C. Balasubramania; P.S. Are; S.P. Thyagarajan; S. Mahadevan; S. Dravidamani; Pranesh Nigam; A.K. Agrawal; K.K. Kapoor; L. Lesmana; H. Sidharta; W. Marwoto; N. Akbar; A. Sulaiman; H.M. Sjaifoellah Noer; J.P. Gupta; B.V. Tantry; A.K. Jain; J.C. Sheu; D.S. Chen; J.L. Sung; C.N. Chuang; P.M. Yang; J.T. Lin; H.C. Hsu; J.C. Sheu; Y.H. Lin; D.S. Chen; C.S. Lee; L.Y. Hwang; A.K. Gupta
[No abstract available]
Scanning Electron Microscopical Observation and X-ray Microanalysis of Erysiphe pisi DC on Infected Leaves of Pea (Pisum sativum L)
(Blackwell Verlag GmbH Berlin, 1998) K. Sugawara; U.P. Singh; K. Kobayashi; A. Ogoshi
Observations on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and low vacuum scanning electron microscope (LVSEM) of Erysiphe pisi in infected leaves of pea (Pisum sativum), are reported together with data from X-ray microanalysis. Morphology of ungerminated and germinated conidia was observed and EVSEM revealed halo formation around the penetration peg of the pathogen. X-ray microanalysis of the composition of halo showed the accumulation of Si and P. Presence of S, Mg, Cl, K and Ca was also discerned. Deposition of Si in the halo and profuse growth of the pathogen indicate that Si deposition is not an essential signal for inducing resistance in the host. EVSEM appears to be a suitable and rapid method to study the morphology as well as halo formation in E. pisi. X-ray microanalysis and EVSEM studies of E. pisi are reported for the first time.
Variabilitat der Sklerotienmorphologie von Sclerotium rolfsii: Rasterelektronenmikroskopische und isoenzym-Untersuchungen; [Variability in sclerotial morphology in Sclerotium rolfsii: SEM and isozyme studies]
(1996) B. Prithiviraj; U.P. Singh; K. Kobayashi; K. Sugawara; R. Nishimura; Aiko Sakai-Wada
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and isozyme studies on two types of selerotia, viz., 'small' and 'large', of Selerotium volfsii were conducted. There was significant difference in the surface morphology, while the internal tissue organization, in general, was the same in both the types consisting of a thick skin, rind, cortex and medulla. The difference in size of selerotia appears to be due to difference in the volume of the medullary region. The isozyme pattern of GPI-1 of both seletotial types was the same but significant difference was observed in the relative mobility of PEP-1.