Browsing by Author "K. Srivastava"

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Analysis of Drought Susceptibility Index in Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss]
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Akanksha; K. Srivastava; Ayushi Srivastava; B. Sinha
Background: Climatic variations such as drought have high level of impingement on the yield of rain-fed crops like mustard. A drought is an extended period of months or years when region notes a deficiency in its water availability. Water stress causes heavy yield losses in Indian mustard (17-94%). Low water availability during stem elongation, flowering and pod development causes reduction of pods per plant leading to reduction in grain yield. Very meagre efforts have been made towards improving drought tolerance of this crop. Hence there is an urgent need for, development of water use efficient genotypes. Drought Susceptibility Index (DSI) is a measure of drought, based on loss of yield under drought conditions in comparison to the yield under normal conditions. It expresses the separate effects of yield potential and drought susceptibility on yields under drought. In these terms, lower DSI is considered synonymous with higher drought tolerance. In view of above facts, present study is aimed at investigating the effects of drought on yield attributing traits with, the objective of identifying Indian mustard genotypes and their hybrids which can withstand water stress with minimum loss in yield. Methods: Nine Indian mustard genotypes and their F1s were evaluated under irrigated and rainfed conditions to study the effect of drought by calculating DSI, on yield and yield traits and to characterize their relative tolerance against drought at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Rabi 2017-18 season. Observations were made for different yield and yield related traits. Result: Genotype RB-50 was found as tolerant for seed yield per plant with DSI 0.38 while hybrids RB-50*RH-749 and RB-50xGiriraj were exhibiting tolerant DSI values for siliqua per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and oil content. These parents and F1s would serve as useful donors and hybrids respectively, in mustard breeding programmes for improving drought tolerance. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
Assessment of maintenance breeding methods in maize (Zea mays l.)
(Crea Journals, 2021) Varsha Gayatonde; J.P. Shahi; Prudhvi Raj Vennela; K. Srivastava
An investigation was conducted at IASc. BHU, Varanasi (Rabi 2014-15 to Kharif 2017) with four maize inbreds using three maintenance methods (selfing, half-sibbing and full-sibbing) for four generations in which a significant amount of genetic correlation was found between the morphological and molecular analyses. The comparison of four inbreds revealed a deviation in the clustering pattern after the four generations of maintenance. A maximum similarity coefficient was recorded between HKI 193-1 FS and LM 10 FS lines; full-sibbing showed the highest similarity between the first and fourth generation. Most of the inbreds followed a similar clustering pattern in morphological as well as in molecular diversity analyses. HKI 1105 is considered as most stable inbred in terms of giving a wide range of partitioning the regression coefficient. The quadratic and cubic trend through the graphical method showed self-ingled to a negative [cb1] response as well as maximum changes whereas, the full-sibbing method recorded with the minimum changes over the generations. Comparison of the combining ability of the inbreds by three methods revealed that CML-161 followed by HKI 1105 recorded maximum and LM 10 recorded minimum significant GCA effects. Through all the experiments it was proved that selfing caused the highest loss of vigour whereas full-sibbing was most stable. © 2021, Crea Journals. All rights reserved.
Association studies for yield and its component traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(2013) K. Srivastava; Kalyani Kumari; S.P. Singh; Ravindra Kumar
The present investigations were conducted during winter 2010-11 at Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Correlations and path coefficient were studied in 52 exotic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes for eight yield contributing characters to find out the inter relationship among the characters studied. Yield/plant was found highly significant and positively correlated with days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruiting, plant height (cm), number of primary branches/plant, number of fruits/cluster, number of fruits/plant and average fruit weight (gm), which indicated that yield could be increased by improving a traits. In order to obtain a clear picture of the inter relationship between yield per plant and its components, direct and indirect effects were measured using path coefficient analysis. The path coefficient analysis splits total correlation coefficient of different characters in to direct effect and indirect effect in equal to genotypic correlation. The data revealed that average fruit weight (1.0218) showed the highest positive direct effect on yield/plant followed by number of fruits/plant (0.7286), day to 50% flowering, number of primary branches/plant (0.1101) and number of fruits/cluster (-0.3707) and plant height (-0.0617) showed negative direct effects. The characters showed high direct effect on yield/plant indicated that direct selection for these traits might be effective and there is a possibility of improving yield/plant through selection based on these characters. Residual effect was considerably low (0.183) which indicated that characters included in this study explained almost all variability towards yield.
Chemo and Radio sensitivity to mutagens in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)
(Society for Plant Research, 2014) Lal Bahadur Gaur; S.P. Singh; K. Srivastava; S.C. Gaur
The effect of gamma rays, EMS mutagens and their combination on chilli genotypes Kashi anmol (KA-2) and VR-338 (Kashi Gaurav) were investigated in M1 generation to assess the radio and/or chemo sensitivity of different doses. Seeds were irradiated with different concentration of Gamma rays, EMS and combinations. With an increase in doses of Gamma rays, EMS and their combinations, substantial increase in pollen sterility and ovule sterility was reported. Gamma rays were more effective for germination percentage as compared to EMS and their combination in both varieties. Seedling height reduction was predominantly observed in EMS as compared to gamma rays and their combination. © 2014, Society for Plant Research. All Rights Reserved.
Clinicoepidemiological study of pityriasis rosea
(2008) Lata Sharma; K. Srivastava
[No abstract available]
Consequence of weather conditions for affecting crossability in three Vigna species
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2017) A. Nishant Bhanu; M.N. Singh; K. Srivastava
Eight intraspecific (four each of mungbean x mungbean and urdbean x urdbean) and 24 interspecific (eight each of mungbean x urdbean, mungbean x ricebean and urdbean x ricebean) crosses were made at five different dates of ten days intervals i.e., September 11-20, 21-30, October 1-10, 11-20 and 21-30 during kharif/late kharif seasons, 2015 to obtain a total of 32 crosses. The per cent crossability at five different dates indicated that it was the highest during October 1-10 in both intra - (mungbean x mungbean, 72.27%, urdbean x urdbean, 55.55%) and interspecific (mungbean x urdbean, 43.24%, mungbean x ricebean, 16% and urdbean x ricebean, 9.92%) crosses. Similarly, the percent ovule fertility recorded was also the highest during October 1-10 in both intra - (mungbean x mungbean, 90.00%, urdbean x urdbean, 83.33%) and interspecific (mungbean x urdbean, 75.00%, mungbean x ricebean, 71.42% and urdbean x ricebean, 60.00%) crosses. Optimum temperature (~22°C), followed by low humidity (49.0) and comparatively enhanced sunshine ( > 8.5 hours) might be responsible for accelerating the highest pod sett during October 1-10 and thus may be suggested as appropriate period for obtaining highest pod setting in Vigna species studied.
Effect of physical and chemical mutagens individual and in combination in M1 generation of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.)
(Plant Archives, 2020) Rakhi Kumari; A.K. Pal; K. Srivastava; Sunil Singh
Effect of Gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and their combination treatments on seed germination, reduction in seedling height, pollen sterility, ovule sterility and plant survival till maturity were studied in the M1 generation of two cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivars. viz., Kashi Kanchan and Kashi Unnati. Different doses / concentrations of Gamma rays (10 kR, 20 kR, 30 kR, 40 kR and 50 kR), EMS (0.01 M, 0.02 M, 0.03 M, 0.04 M and 0.05 M) and their combination (10 kR +0.02 M, 20 kR+0.02 M, 30 kR + 0.02 M, 40 kR + 0.02 M and 50 kR + 0.02 M) were used to analyze their effect on above mentioned traits in M1 generation of both the genotypes. Data collected from M1 generation showed minimum germination percentage and maximum reduction in seedling height were observed at higher doses of combined treatments in both the cultivars. Similarly, highest pollen and ovule sterility as well as lowest plant survival were also recorded at maximum combined dose of mutagens as compared to the other treatments in both the varieties. Deleterious effects were more pronounced in higher doses, indicating almost a linear relationship. © 2020 Plant Archives. All rights reserved.
Gene effects and heritability for yield traits in tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
(Bangladesh Botanical Society, 2021) Ravindra Kumar; K. Srivastava
Generation mean analysis is a key determinant in designing the appropriate breeding approaches for implementing new desirable character/s in crop varieties and also in studying inheritance of quantitative traits. Parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses exhibited significant digenic interactions in the majority of cross combinations in tomato. Cross combinations and characters indicated the adequacy of simple additive dominance for 50% flowering (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5), branches/plant and plant height (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), and fruit/cluster (CO3 х Floradade) indicating absence of non-allelic interactions. Duplicate type of epistasis occurred for 50% flowering (CO3 х Floradade, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad), branches/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), plant height (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), fruit/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5, Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), fruit weight (CO3 х Floradade, Pant T3 х Azad T5), fruit/cluster (Kashi Amrit х Kashi Sharad, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad), yield/plant (CO3 х Floradade, Punjab Upma х Azad T5, Pant T3 х Kashi Sharad) indicating selection strength should be lenient in the earlier and rapid in later generations because advancement should be through selection. Characters governed by additive components were predominant in fruit/plant and plant height, indicating direct selection for improvement of these traits. © 2021 Bangladesh Botanical Society. All rights reserved.
Generation mean analysis for yield traits in okra
(Indian Academy of Horticultural Sciences, 2010) M. Akhtar; J.N. Singh; J.P. Shahi; K. Srivastava
Generation mean analysis involving six generations (P1, P 2, F1 F2 B1 and B2) was carried out to study the nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and yield attributing traits. The studies were undertaken on Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi during the year 2006 & 2007. The analysis showed the presence of additive, dominance gene effects and epistatic interactions in almost all the cases indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression of the characters. For majority of characters, duplicate type of gene action was observed. Biparental mating which could exploit both additive and non-additive type of gene effects was suggested for the improvements of the traits in the crosses studied.
Genetic analysis to identify good combiners for ToLCV resistance and yield components in tomato using interspecific hybridization
(Springer, 2014) Ramesh K. Singh; N. Rai; Major Singh; S.N. Singh; K. Srivastava
The interspecific hybridization for tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) resistance was carried out among 10 genetically diverse tomato genotypes (diversified by 50 SSR markers). Among the 10 parents, four susceptible cultivars of Solanum lycopersicum were crossed with six resistant wilds, such as S. pimpinellifolium, S. habrochaites, S. chemielewskii, S. ceraseforme, S. peruvianum and S. chilense in a line × tester mating design. All the 24 hybrids and their parents were grown in the field and glasshouse conditions to determine the general-combining abilities (GCA) and specific-combining abilities (SCA). The variances due to SCA and GCA showed both additive and nonadditive gene effects. Based on GCA estimates, EC-520061 and WIR-5032 were good general combiners while based on SCA estimates, PBC × EC-520061 and PBC × EC-521080 were best specific combiners for coefficient of infection and fruit yield per plant in both the environments. These lines could be selected and utilized in ToLCV resistance and high yield breeding programme for improving the traits. © 2014, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Genetic parameters and correlation study for yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(2013) Vinod Kumar; R. Nandan; K. Srivastava; S.K. Sharma; Ravindra Kumar; Anuj Kumar
The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India during Rabi 2008-09. The genetic parameters and correlation were studied for yield and quality traits in tomato. The experimental material comprised of thirteen genotypes (10 lines + 3 testers) and their thirty crosses alongwith two checks of tomato and the experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The maximum genotypic and phenotypic variation was (168.30 and 169.95 cm.) for plant height and minimum for fruit shape index (0.02 and 0.02), respectively. Analysis of coefficient of variation revealed that magnitude of phenotypic coefficient was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters except primary branches per plant under study. The magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher for number of fruits per cluster (18.04 and 18.32), lycopene content (22.07 and 22.46), respectively. High values of heritability (broad sense) for plant height (99%) and fruit per cluster, total soluble solids and lycopene (97%) and high genetic advance were observed for plant height and average fruit weight (26.59 and 14.88%), respectively. A positive and significance association of yield per plant with all the traits both at genotypic and phenotypic levels.
Heterosis analysis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for Lycopene, TSS, titrable acidity and Ascorbic acid
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2019) Ravindra Kumar; K. Srivastava; Vinod Kumar; S.K. Saroj; S.K. Sharma; R.K. Singh
Heterosis were estimated using ten lines and three testers and their thirty F1 combinations, crossed in line x tester fashion which were evaluated for four seasons for important quality traits viz., lycopene, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS) and pericarp thickness. Some of the parents having good potentiality for generating superior F1 combinations for most of the quality characters under study have been identified. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significantly higher amount of differences among genotypes for all the five characters studied. In this study, among crosses, the cross NDTVR60 x Floradade exhibited positive desirable heterosis over best parent for lycopene (60.22%) and Selection7 x Floradade (25.12%) for ascorbic acid. The cross NDTVR60 x Floradade showed the highest positive heterosis over best parent for titrable acidity (31.37%) whereas cross CO3 x Azad T5 (30.65%) exhibited the significantly highest positive heterosis over best parent for TSS and cross combination DT2 x Azad T5 (56.82%) exhibited positive heterobeltiosis for pericarp thickness. © Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Heterosis for quality attributes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
(2013) Ravindra Kumar; K. Srivastava; R.K. Singh; Vinod Kumar
In present study 43 genotypes (13 parental lines and 30 F1 hybrids) were evaluated during 2010 and 2011 in order to estimate the extent of heterosis and quality trait like ascorbic acid (vitamin C), titratable acidity, lycopene content and total soluble solids (TSS). Significant differences among genotypes were obtained for all four traits. Positive significant heterosis was found for ascorbic acid (32.52% and 23.07% over better parent as well as 30.81% and 15.98% over standard check BT-12), titratable acidity (25.49% and 26.42% over better parent as well as 14.04% and 16.48% over standard check), lycopene content (63.99% and 71.25% over the better parent as well as 77.26% and 62.27 % over standard check) and TSS (27.32% and 34.86% over better parent as well as 17.25% and 13.61% over standard check) over both the years, respectively.
Heterosis for yield and yield components in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
(Indian Society of Plant Breeders, 2012) Ravindra Kumar; K. Srivastava; J. Somappa; Sunil Kumar; R.K. Singh
A trial comprising 15 hybrids and 8 parental lines was in conducted a randomized block design with three replications during winter 2010-11 at Vegetable Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Heterosis was estimated in fifteen single experimental cross hybrids, obtained by five parental lines namely H-24, DT-2, CO-3, Punjab Upma, Pant T-3 and three testers of tomato viz. Floradade, Kashi Sharad, Azad T-5 for yield and yield related traits; plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per cluster and total yield per plant. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the traits. Positive and highly significant heterosis was found for number of fruits per plant 25.27%, 25.13% and 21.13% over better parent and 29.95%, 25.27% and 24.46% over standard parent and for total yield per plant 32.06%, 18.34%, 13.36% and 11.27% over better parent and 31.83%, 31.14%, 30.10% and 25.26% over standard check 'Azad T-5'. The hybrid also showed significantly high percentage of positive heterosis over better and standard parent for number of fruits per cluster, average fruit weight and the hybrids showed negative heterosis for plant height and day to 50% flowering which are desirable characters. © Indian Society of Plant Breeders.
Heterosis study for quality attributing traits in different crosses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(2013) Vinod Kumar; R. Nandan; S.K. Sharma; K. Srivastava; Ravindra Kumar; M.K. Singh
A study was conducted to estimate the heterosis of 30 tomato crosses combination involving thirteen parent and one check in Line × Tester mating design at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (U.P.), India, during Rabi 2008-2009. Data were analyzed for various qualitative traits viz., fruit shape index, pericarp thickness and titratable acidity. Analysis of variance indicated significant difference for all the traits. Heterosis observed in F1 generation, which varied from character to character. Significant heterosis of positive nature was found for fruit shape index, pericarp thickness and titratable acidity over better parent and standard check, respectively. Thirteen hybrids possessed significantly useful heterobeltiosis for total soluble solid. The present investigation was undertaken to study and generate information about heterosis, which would help to assess the prepotency of parents in hybrid combinations.
High frequency multiple shoot regeneration from decapitated embryo axes of chickpea and establishment of plantlets in the open environment
(2002) R. Singh; K. Srivastava; H.K. Jaiswal; D.V. Amla; B.D. Singh
Multiple shoot regeneration from the cut plumular ends of embryo axes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog medium having different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1 to 10.0 mg dm-3), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3), kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm-3) or zeatin (2.0 and 4.0 mg dm-3). TDZ (0.2 mg dm-3) was found to be the most effective cytokinin as it produced multiple shoots in 100% of the explants from genotypes C235, ICC5166, ICC12269, ICC4951, ICC11531, BG256 and a local cultivar. Shoots were elongated on growth regulator-free medium, and rooted on growth regulator-free medium containing 1/4 MS salts + full vitamins + 3% sucrose. Plantlets formed were acclimatized for 12 15 d in MS medium with a gradual reduction in sucrose concentration and transferred into pots filled with soil and kept in the field; this resulted in more than 70% survival. The plants developed normally and produced fertile flowers and set seeds. Low temperatures, maximum 19.0°C, and minimum 8.2°C, during the first 15 d of transfer favoured survival on transfer to pots.
Role of pollen starch and soluble sugar content on fruit set in tomato under heat stress
(Society for the Advancement of Breeding Researches in Asia and Oceania, 2015) S. Kumar; P. Prakash; S. Kumar; K. Srivastava
The effects of heat stress on pollen starch and soluble sugar content in relation to fruit set were examined in 4 tomato genotypes under controlled condition at 2 temperature regimes, including optimal and high temperature. The optimal temperature conditions (OT, 28/21 °C) resulted in starch accumulation in the pollen grains, where it reached a maximum value before anthesis and diminished towards anthesis. Total soluble sugar concentration gradually increased in the pollen grains reaching a maximum at anthesis. Continuous exposure of the plants to high temperatures (HT, 37/27 °C) prevented the transient increase in starch concentration and led to decrease in the concentrations of soluble sugars in the pollen grains at anthesis. It also markedly reduced the percent pollen viability, pollen germination, and fruit set, as compared to optimal temperature (OT, 28/21°C). These results suggest that a major effect of heat stress on pollen development is a decrease in starch concentration before anthesis, which results in a decreased soluble sugar concentration in the mature pollen grains at anthesis. These events possibly contribute to the decreased pollen viability, pollen germination, and ability to fruit set in tomato. The results strongly indicated that 2 tomato genotypes (Pusa Sadabahar and NDTVR-60) could be a valuable source of heat-tolerant germplasm for tomato breeding programs. © Society for the Advancement of Breeding Research in Asia and Oceania (SABRAO) 2015.
Selection of tomato genotypes resistant to tomato leaf curl virus disease using biochemical and physiological markers
(Cambridge University Press, 2015) R.K. Singh; N. Rai; M. Singh; S.N. Singh; K. Srivastava
A total of 34 tomato genotypes (24 F1+10 parents) were tested for resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) disease by various whitefly inoculation techniques under field and insect-proof glasshouse (mass and cage) conditions. Of the ten tomato parental lines, two accessions [EC-520061 (Solanum habrochaites) and EC-521080 (Solanum pimpinellifolium)] were identified as highly resistant while four accessions (EC-520049, EC-528372, WIR-5032 and WIR-3957) of wild species were resistant to ToLCV. Out of the 24 F1 crosses, PBC×EC-520061, H-86×EC-520061, H-24×EC-520061 and DVRT-2×EC-520061 were found to be highly resistant against ToLCV disease. Biochemical (total phenol and total sugar concentration) and physiological (chlorophyll content and leaf area index) parameters were also used in healthy and disease-inoculated leaves of ten parents and six F1 hybrids to test the conformity of ToLCV-resistant and susceptible disease reactions. The results showed that among the 16 genotypes (10 parents+6 F1), EC-520061, EC-520049, PBC×EC-520061 and H-86×EC-520061 were stable for both biochemical and physiological markers while EC-521080 showed higher accumulations of total phenol and sugar concentrations and reduced leaf size between healthy and disease-inoculated leaves. The present study demonstrates the importance of the whitefly inoculation technique and biochemical and physiological markers in virus resistance screening programmes, and identifies a potential source of resistance to the ToLCV in Solanum species. © 2014 Cambridge University Press.
Shoot regeneration from immature cotyledons of Cicer arietinum
(2001) K. Srivastava; K.N. Tiwari; R. Singh; B.D. Singh; H.K. Jaiswal
Shoot regeneration was achieved from immature cotyledons of five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes: C235, ICC4971, ICC11531, ICC12257 and ICC12873. The cotyledons cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 or 5 mg dm-3 zeatin with or without 0.04 mg dm-3 indole acetic acid (IAA) showed formation of cotyledon like structures (CLS) at their proximal ends. Subsequently, shoot regeneration took place in some of the CLS forming explants. CLS were also formed in cotyledons cultured on MS + 0.2 - 1 mg dm-3 thidiazuron (TDZ); direct shoot regeneration was observed in cotyledons cultured on 1 mg dm-3 TDZ. The shoot buds elongated on media containing indole butyric acid (IBA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Complete plantlets were obtained by rooting of shoots following pulse treatment with 200 mg dm-3 IBA for 5 min and culture on growth regulator free half-strength MS medium.
Stability Analysis in Tomato Inbreds and Their F1s for Yield and Quality Traits
(Springer, 2019) Ravindra Kumar; S.K. Singh; K. Srivastava
The primary aim of plant breeding is to improve stability in yield and to obtain varieties with good quality. For this reason, a study of 43 tomato genotypes (30 F1s and 13 lines) was evaluated for yield and its components for four seasons from 2010 to 2012. In each seasons, the experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications. Genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were significant for all the characters under study. The effects of cultivars, environment, and genotype × environment interactions were evaluated. One cross-combination (Pant T-3 × Azad T-5) was found to be responsive while eight crosses (H-24 × Kashi Sharad, CO-3 × Floradade, CO-3 × Kashi Sharad, CO-3 × Azad T-5, Punjab Upma × Azad T-5, Pant T-3 × Kashi Sharad, Kashi Amrit × Kashi Sharad and H-24 × Azad T-5) were suitable to be recommended for wide cultivation in all the four seasons. © 2018, NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences).