Browsing by Author "Kameshwarnath Singh"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Advancements and new technologies in drug delivery system
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Ajay Kumar Sahi; Pooja Verma; Pallawi; Kameshwarnath Singh; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Drug delivery is defined as administration of drug component inside the body, and the system adopted for the same is known as drug delivery system. Advancements in the drug delivery system are gaining more attention and popularity due to the use of nanoformulations that enables efficient, effective and specific targeting of the drug. Several drug carriers such as liposomes, aptamers, quantum dots, peptide, polymers, metals and magnetic nanoparticlebased delivery are categorised as advanced generation drug delivery systems. The structural complexity of nano-based drug delivery system, e.g. nanocapsules, dendrimers, nanosponges, nanocrystals, nanogels and nanocapsules, provides high surface area for precise targeting in the field of cancer management and several other life-threatening diseases. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Clinical Implications of Cortisol and Bioanalytical Methods for Their Determination in Various Biological Matrices
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Ajay Kumar Sahi; Neelima Varshney; Rakesh Kumar Sidu; Suruchi Poddar; Pallawi; Kameshwarnath Singh; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Advancement in lifestyle and exponential population growth have evoked competitiveness and struggle for survival, resulting in the elevated levels of physiological stress that notably shows correlation with the rising health disparities within the population. Sustained level of stress based on environmental factors, gender inequalities, competitiveness and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) for signalling an abnormal release of cortisol from cortex region of the adrenal gland. Although several biomolecules and hormones are known to be influenced by physiological stress, examining cortisol (a steroid hormone) is observed to be one of the potential clinical strategies to assess the levels of the stress. Cortisol level varies regularly during day-night cycles that eventually regulates circadian rhythm. Free form of cortisol can provide accurate and precise determination of stress and is a biomarker for early diagnosis of disorder; hence real time estimation of cortisol can be beneficial to overcome many health issues. Chromatographic techniques are the conventional technology used for cortisol determination; however they possess several limitations such as bulky and complex system, multi-step lengthy and expensive extraction and purification process as well as high limit of detection leading to superficial information. Nowadays, multiple detection techniques have been discovered which consist of high sensitivity, require less or no sample preparation, miniaturization, rapid quantification and easy to use with minimal limitations. Electrochemical immunosensors and bioelectronics integrated with microfluidic platforms started gaining attention recently due to their non-invasive, quick responsive, highly sensitive and portable nature with wearable features. Considering the testing devices either reported in the literature or available for clinical practices, there still remains some improvements and scope to develop miniaturized and wearable point-of-care diagnostics that may exhibit increased sensitivity performance, simple design and rapid fabrication. This book chapter attempts to highlight information regarding cortisol detection sources in the body, the available sensing techniques and the diagnostic devices. In addition, we focus on recent advancements in the biosensing strategies for cortisol detection in particular using microfluidic technology. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Physicochemical Characterization and Cytocompatibility Study of Lyophilized Cow Urine Powder
(Informatics Publishing Limited and Society for Biocontrol Advancement, 2023) Pallawi; Neeraj K. Vishwakarma; Sushmitha Paulraj; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto; Kameshwarnath Singh
Cow urine is known for possessing therapeutic potency which is found to vary depending upon its physical forms such as fresh sterile urine, distillate, lyophilized powder, etc. In the current work, we demonstrate the physicochemical characteristics and cytocompatibility of lyophilized powder of cow urine obtained from Sahiwal and the pure Indian breed. We have used several analytical techniques, including Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine the physical and chemical nature of cow urine powder obtained through lyophilization. SEM-EDX analysis showed clusters like morphology and revealed 25-30% of metal ions present in both samples. TGA analysis showed three steps of degradation sequentially most likely due to initial desorption of adsorbed water, urea degradation, and loss of glycoside moiety present in flavonoid. DSC data revealed the presence of both irregular (amorphous) and ordered molecular structures (crystalline) in the lyophilized powder of cow urine.1H NMR spectra of all the prepared cow urine samples exhibited a similar trend and did not vary significantly and; confirming the presence of the same flavonoid/compounds in each sample. FTIR spectra of all the prepared cow urine samples exhibited a similar trend and did not vary significantly as observed through1H NMR spectra. In addition, a cytocompatibility study and MTT assay using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells revealed that lyophilized cow urine powders possessed no deleterious effects on healthy fibroblast cells. Thus, the outcomes provide a benchmark for further understanding of the lyophilized form of cow urine that could be potentially useful for analyzing its therapeutic value. © 2023, Informatics Publishing Limited and Society for Biocontrol Advancement. All rights reserved.