Browsing by Author "Kamlesh Shrivas"

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A graphene-printed paper electrode for determination of H2O2in municipal wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022) Tushar Kant; Kamlesh Shrivas; Indrapal Karbhal; Monisha; Sanjay Yadav; Tikeshwari; Sushama Sahu; Yugal Kishor Mahipal; Vellaichamy Ganesan
Recently, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been used as a disinfectant in sanitizers for cleaning hands, and solid surfaces of hospitals, offices and homes to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The effluents from domestic, hospital and municipal waste should be monitored for their H2O2 content to avoid the entry of this toxic pollutant into the ecosystem. Therefore, we developed a low-cost graphene (Gr)-printed paper electrode for determination of H2O2 using cyclic voltammetry (CV). An office inkjet-printer and Gr nano-ink stabilized with ethyl cellulose (EC) were used for the fabrication of printed paper electrodes (PPEs) to determine H2O2 quantitatively. A stable Gr-EC nano-ink (2%) with viscosity and surface tension values of 12 mPa S-1 and 35 mN M-1, respectively, was formulated to obtain conductive electrodes. A wide linear range (2 μM-25 mM) with a better limit of detection (0.28 μM) for the determination of H2O2 was obtained when the Gr-EC/PPE was used as a working electrode. Further, the Gr-EC/PPE was successfully employed for analysis of H2O2 in wastewater. The electrochemical determination of H2O2 using the Gr-EC/PPE as an electrode in CV is rapid, economical, flexible and eco-friendly when compared with previously reported methods. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
A low-cost screen printed glass electrode with silver nano-ink for electrochemical detection of H2O2
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018) Archana Ghosale; Kamlesh Shrivas; Manas Kanti Deb; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Indrapal Karbhal; P.K. Bajpai; Ravi Shankar
Silver nanoparticles modified with poly(vinyl alcohol) (AgNP-PVA) were prepared by the reduction of silver ions with ascorbic acid. The concentrations of AgNPs, type of solvent and solvent ratio were optimized for the preparation of silver nano-ink to obtain a better conductive surface (low resistance). Different substrates such as glass, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were tested and the sintering process was optimized for the preparation of an efficient electrode for electrochemical application. The screen-printed glass electrode fabricated with silver nano-ink showed low resistance and therefore was used as a working electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A wide linear calibration range, 1.0 μM to 0.5 mM, was obtained for the determination of H2O2 with a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. The high recovery percentage (93.3-96.0%) has been obtained for the determination of H2O2 in a complex sample matrix (hospital and beauty parlor wastewater) and an interference study demonstrated the selectivity of the method. The screen-printed glass electrode is found to be simple, low cost and homemade compared to commercially available glass electrodes for monitoring H2O2 in environmental water samples. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Direct-Writing of Paper Based Conductive Track using Silver Nano-ink for Electroanalytical Application
(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Archana Ghosale; Ravi Shankar; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Kamlesh Shrivas
We present a novel approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles capped with oleylamine (AgNPs/OLA) and its application in conductive ink for electroanalytical application. The synthesized OLA capped AgNPs was characterized with TEM, UV-Vis, EDX, FTIR and TGA to confirm the size, composition and surface modification of NPs. In this paper, we report conductive ink printing using a pen to achieve a best conductivity value of 0.11 × 105 Scm−1. A 10 wt% AgNPs nano-ink solution was used for printing conductive electrodes (counter, reference and working) on-to photo paper and sintered at 150 °C for 1 h to achieve metallization. We demonstrated successful application of printed conductive electrodes in cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement. To ensure the continuity of conductive pattern, we demonstrated the lighting of LED when conductive track was connected to a 9 V battery. This report shows that paper-based flexible electrodes are user-friendly, cost effective and useful for multiple analyses in CV compared to other printed electrodes. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Flexible printed paper electrode with silver nano-ink for electrochemical applications
(Elsevier Inc., 2020) Tushar Kant; Kamlesh Shrivas; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Yugal Kishor Mahipal; Rama Devi; Manas Kanti Deb; Ravi Shankar
Development of low-cost paper based disposable electrodes printed with silver nano-ink using desktop inkjet printer is reported in this work. A stable nano-ink was prepared by dissolving 3% silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in ethanol as a dispersing solvent. Highly stable silver nano-ink with surface tension of 21.1 mN/M and viscosity of 2.6 mPa.S was prepared for printing on photo paper that can be used as an electrode for electrochemical analyses. The fabricated paper electrode was exploited as a counter electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis of potassium ferricyanide with better stability and reproducibility (relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.6%) for multiple times of analyses (n = 60) and compared with the results of conventional electrodes. Further, the printed paper electrode was demonstrated to be used as a working electrode for analysis of nitrate by CV. The use of paper electrode is found to be simple, rapid, user-friendly and can be applied at the sample source for determination of nitrate from different samples. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Inkjet-printed flexible graphene paper electrode for the electrochemical determination of mercury
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Tushar Kant; Kamlesh Shrivas; None Tikeshwari; Vellaichamy Ganesan
Here, we report an inkjet-printed graphene paper electrode (IP-GPE) for the electrochemical analysis of mercuric ions (Hg(ii)) in industrial wastewater samples. Graphene (Gr) fabricated on a paper substrate was prepared by a facile solution-phase exfoliation method in which ethyl cellulose (EC) behaves as a stabilizing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to determine the shape and multiple layers of Gr. The crystalline structure and ordered lattice carbon of Gr were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The nano-ink of Gr-EC was fabricated on the paper substance via an inkjet printer (HP-1112) and IP-GPE was exploited as a working electrode in linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the electrochemical detection of Hg(ii). The electrochemical detection is found to be diffusion-controlled illustrated by obtaining a correlation coefficient of 0.95 in CV. The present method exhibits a better linear range of 2-100 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.862 μM for the determination of Hg(ii). The application of IP-GPE in electrochemical analysis shows a user-friendly, facile, and economical method for the quantitative determination of Hg(ii) in municipal wastewater samples. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Inkjet-printed paper-based electrochemical sensor with gold nano-ink for detection of glucose in blood serum
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021) Tushar Kant; Kamlesh Shrivas; Kavita Tapadia; Rama Devi; Vellaichamy Ganesan; Manas Kanti Deb
Herein, an inkjet-printed paper electrode (PPE) with gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-ink as a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for detection of glucose in blood serum is reported. In this work, a green method is used for the synthesis of the aqueous AuNP-ink and the electrode is fabricated on a paper substrate using an office desktop inkjet-printer. The developed AuNP-ink is stable and has a surface tension and viscosity of 70.2 mN m-1 and 2.1 mPa s (2% aqueous AuNP ink). The PPE with AuNPs is sintered at 100 °C for 30 min to obtain a conductive film for electrochemical sensing. The prepared AuNP-PPE is employed as a working electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the sensitive measurement of glucose in blood serum. The fabricated AuNP-PPE demonstrated excellent electrochemical activity and rapid electron transfer kinetics towards the oxidation of glucose. A wide linear range, 0.05-35 mM, with a limit of detection of 10 μM is observed for the determination of glucose. The advantages of using the AuNP-PPE in electrochemical measurements are that it is flexible, user-friendly, biodegradable, economic and enzyme-free with respect to the commercially available electrochemical sensors. © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Low-Cost Paper Electrode Fabricated by Direct Writing with Silver Nanoparticle-Based Ink for Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Wastewater
(American Chemical Society, 2017) Archana Ghosale; Kamlesh Shrivas; Ravi Shankar; Vellaichamy Ganesan
A simple, low cost and user-friendly method for the fabrication of paper electrode (PE) using silver nanoparticles capped with octylamine (AgNPs-OA) is reported for detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in wastewater samples. The PE was prepared by direct writing onto the photo paper using a ball-point pen filled with nanoink (10 wt % of AgNPs-OA in chloroform). The prepared electrode was sintered at 100 °C for 1 h to make it conductive. The PE/AgNPs-OA was used as a working electrode in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the detection of H2O2. The PE/AgNPs-OA exhibited a wide linear calibration range from 1.7 μM to 30 mM for the determination of H2O2 with a low limit of detection, 0.5 μM. The good recovery percentage (95.2-96.2%) and interference study for determination of H2O2 in wastewater samples demonstrated the selectivity of the method from the complex sample matrices. The PE/AgNPs-OA electrode is found to be economic, facile and user-friendly for multiple analyses (n = 60) of H2O2 in CV compared to other commercially available electrodes and custom-made modified electrodes. © 2016 American Chemical Society.
Temperature-programmed nitridation of monodispersed VOxnanoparticles into nanocrystalline superconducting oxygen-doped vanadium nitride
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021) Khemchand Dewangan; Dadan Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh Patel; Kamlesh Shrivas
A two-stage synthesis process was employed to prepare high-quality nanocrystalline vanadium nitride (VN) for superconducting applications. Firstly, monodispersed amorphous VOxnanoparticles were obtainedviathermal-decomposition of the vanadium(iii) acetylacetonate [V(acac)3] precursor in phenyl ether using oleylamine as a surface stabilizing agent. In the second stage, VOxnanoparticles were nitrided using a temperature-programmed reduction reaction at 700 °C under an NH3atmosphere. Finally, at room temperature a nano-sized nitride sample was oxygen passivated by flowing 0.1% O2-containing N2gas before removing from the furnace to avoid bulk-oxidation of nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak reflection confirms the formation of phase-pure VN. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image displays that the particles are non-agglomerated and have a size distribution of 17.71 ± 3.59 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study provides evidence that the main oxidation state of vanadium lies between (III) and (0) in the sample. However, it also appears that vanadium located on the surface of VN nanocrystals is oxidized during the passivation. Hence, the present synthesis strategy leads to oxygen-doping on the surface of VN nanoparticles that results in the formation of a vanadium oxide/oxynitride thin-layer on the surface. In addition, the temperature-dependent magnetization study of the product exhibits an abrupt decrease in the magnetization susceptibility at a temperature of 7.1 K, which indicates the onset superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the prepared VN. The exciting feature in this magnetization study is that the observedTcvalue of VN nanocrystals is similar to that of the pure bulk-VN and is not affected by the existence of different atomic arrangements on the surface of nanocrystals. This property makes it a potential candidate for the future development of new superconducting materials. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2021.