Browsing by Author "Kanika Arora"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Coalition of Biological Agent (Melatonin) with Chemotherapeutic Agent (Amphotericin B) for Combating Visceral Leishmaniasis via Oral Administration of Modified Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Shabi Parvez; Ganesh Yadagiri; Kanika Arora; Aaqib Javaid; Anurag Kumar Kushwaha; Om Prakash Singh; Shyam Sundar; Shyam Lal Mudavath
In this study, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) grafted solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based bioconjugate was synthesized and used for administering a combination of melatonin (Mel) and amphotericin B (AmB) orally for effective visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment. The formulations (HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN) were synthesized by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN showed a high loading capacity and a high entrapment efficiency of AmB (% DL = 9.0 ± 0.55 and % EE = 87.9 ± 0.57) and Mel (% DL = 7.5 ± 0.51 and % EE = 63 ± 6.24). The cumulative percent release of AmB and Mel was 66.10 and 73.06%, respectively, up to 72 h. Time-dependent cellular uptake was noticed for HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN for 4 h. Further, HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN did not show any toxic effects on J774A.1 macrophages and Swiss albino mice. HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN (10 mg/kg ×5 days, p.o.) has significantly diminished (98.89%) the intracellular parasite load in liver tissues of L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice, subsequently highlighting the role of melatonin toward an effective strategy in combating leishmanial infection. Therefore, these results indicated that administration of HPCD-Mel-AmB SLN improve the therapeutic index of the first-line drug in addition to the introduction of biological agent and would be a promising therapeutic candidate for effective VL therapy. In the present study, the objective is to test the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic approach in combination with a biological immunomodulatory agent against leishmanial infection using in vitro and in vivo studies. This information suggests that melatonin could be an efficacious and potent antileishmanial agent. © 2023 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Dual Drug Delivery for Augmenting Bacterial Wound Complications via Tailored Ultradeformable Carriers
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Kanika Arora; Bharti Dhruw; Sherilraj Pm; Prasoon Madhukar; Shyam Sundar; Shyam Lal Mudavath
Addressing the complex challenge of healing of bacterially infected wounds, this study explores the potential of lipid nanomaterials, particularly advanced ultradeformable particles (UDPs), to actively influence the wound microenvironment. The research introduces a novel therapeutic approach utilizing silver sulfadiazine (SSD) coupled with vitamin E (VE) delivered through UDPs (ethosomes/transferosomes/transethosomes). Comparative physicochemical characterization of these nanosized drug carriers reveals the superior stability of transethosomes, boasting a zeta potential of −36.5 mV. This method demonstrates reduced side effects compared to conventional therapies, with almost 90% SSD and 72% VE release achieved in wound pH in a sustained manner. Cytotoxicity assessment shows 60% cell viability even at the highest concentration (175 μg/mL), while hemolysis test demonstrates RBC lysis below 5% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. Vitamin E-SSD-loaded transethosomes (VSTEs) significantly enhance cellular migration and proliferation, achieving 95% closure within 24 h, underscoring their promising efficacy. The synergistic method effectively reduces bacterial burden, evidenced by an 80% reduction in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus within the wound microenvironment. This approach offers a promising strategy to address complications associated with skin injuries. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Valorization of Wastewater Resources Into Biofuel and Value-Added Products Using Microalgal System
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Kanika Arora; Parneet Kaur; Pradeep Kumar; Archana Singh; Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel; Xiangkai Li; Yung-Hun Yang; Shashi Kant Bhatia; Saurabh Kulshrestha
Wastewater is not a liability, instead considered as a resource for microbial fermentation and value-added products. Most of the wastewater contains various nutrients like nitrates and phosphates apart from the organic constituents that favor microbial growth. Microalgae are unicellular aquatic organisms and are widely used for wastewater treatment. Various cultivation methods such as open, closed, and integrated have been reported for microalgal cultivation to treat wastewater and resource recovery simultaneously. Microalgal growth is affected by various factors such as sunlight, temperature, pH, and nutrients that affect the growth rate of microalgae. Microalgae can consume urea, phosphates, and metals such as magnesium, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. for their growth and reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The microalgal biomass produced during the wastewater treatment can be further used to produce carbon-neutral products such as biofuel, feed, bio-fertilizer, bioplastic, and exopolysaccharides. Integration of wastewater treatment with microalgal bio-refinery not only solves the wastewater treatment problem but also generates revenue and supports a sustainable and circular bio-economy. The present review will highlight the current and advanced methods used to integrate microalgae for the complete reclamation of nutrients from industrial wastewater sources and their utilization for value-added compound production. Furthermore, pertaining challenges are briefly discussed along with the techno-economic analysis of current pilot-scale projects worldwide. © Copyright © 2021 Arora, Kaur, Kumar, Singh, Patel, Li, Yang, Bhatia and Kulshrestha.