Browsing by Author "Karen Ghazaryan"

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Crop Nitrogen Stress Identification at Different Phenological Stages for Sorghum Using a Regional Crop Yield Estimation System (RCYES)
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Ganesh B. Gohain; R.S. Singh; Anil Kumar Singh; Abhishek Singh; Ragini Sharma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan
During the growth period of a crop, estimating the crop yield and other crop stresses like water and nitrogen helps the farmers, planners, policymakers, and researchers in making decisions on effective maintenance and utilization of resource input distribution, and regulation on import and export. Crop stress identification during the crop growth at different stages helps categorize potential zones and variation in production as a result of managing crops, agronomic, and climatic features. The crop’s nitrogen requirement is a crucial factor in determining the season’s crop production. It is an essential element for plant growth and development. The most important agricultural phases that can reduce production of the crop are the Leaf growing, Anthesis, and grain filling phases. Many approaches are adopted to identify crop nitrogen stress. Various users use CSM (crop simulation model) decision support system (DSS) for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software for their study. The CERES-Sorghum CSM embedded in the DSSAT software is used to estimate crop nitrogen stress during our research. We used the developed RCYES (regional crop yield estimation system) created using Python to prepare an experimental file and simulate yield and crop nitrogen stress at the spatial resolution of 25 km in the districts of Maharashtra, India for Sorghum crop. The RCYES system has different modules. It simulates the crop model, extracts the required information, and efficiently prepares files, graphs, and maps without much human intervention. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Green Nanofertilizers – The Need for Modern Agriculture, Intelligent, and Environmentally-Friendly Approaches
(Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE), 2024) Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha; Abhishek Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ashi Varshney; Shreni Agrawal; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Omar Mahmoud Al Zoubi; Talaat Habeeb; Lysenko Dionis; Hanan Aref Hasan; Samar Shawaqfeh
The distinctive qualities and wide array of possible applications of nanotechnology have garnered considerable attention. Nanotechnology offers a groundbreaking way for expanding agricultural output that is also ecologically benign, helpful to living things, and economically priced—all without losing quality. There is a growing trend towards using eco-friendly technologies as substitutes for conventional agricultural inputs, such as fertilizers and insecticides. With the aid of nanotechnology, the confines of conventional farming techniques can be overcome. As a result, it becomes essential for investigators to devote their energies to the noteworthy nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture investigations that have been distributed. It offered a fresh perspective on the development and application of nanoparticles as nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides in agriculture and a way to heighten bio-factor execution. Furthermore, we discuss the relations of NPs with plants, the perils and putrefaction of nanomaterials in plants, and the utility of NPs in the reduction of stress triggered by heavy metal toxicity and abiotic factors. It is imperative that nano-fertilizers are practiced to reduce the environmental maltreatment caused by conventional, inorganic fertilizers. Nano-fertilizers are more sensitive and have the ability to penetrate the epidermis, empowering them to promote nutrient consumption efficiency while reducing nutrient overabundance. A study found that NPs may cause oxidative stress symptoms in higher plants if they adhere to cell surfaces or organelles. Understanding the benefits and drawbacks of using nano-fertilizers instead of conventional fertilizers is valuable, and it is the purpose of this book chapter to provide this information. © 2024, Polskie Towarzystwo Inzynierii Ekologicznej (PTIE). All rights reserved.
Green Synthesis of Nanofertilizers and Their Application for Crop Production
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Abhishek Singh; Ragini Sharma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha; Ashi Varshney
The unique characteristics and broad range of nanotechnology’s potential uses have garnered considerable attention. Nanotechnology is a novel method for boosting agricultural output without compromising on quality while also being safe for the environment, useful to living organisms, and affordable. Eco-friendly technologies are gaining prominence as viable alternatives to conventional agricultural inputs like fertilizers and insecticides. The limitations of traditional farming methods can be addressed with the use of nanotechnology. Hence, the most recent research on using nanoparticles (NPs) in farming should be prioritized. This study offered a fresh viewpoint on the biological development of NPs, their uses in agriculture as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, and how they can improve the performance of biofactors. We also provide recent research on the interactions of NPs with plants, the hazards and fate of nanomaterials in plants, and the role of NPs in the mitigation of stress brought on by abiotic factors and heavy metal toxicity. To reduce the environmental harm caused by conventional, inorganic fertilizers, nanofertilizer application is crucial. Because of their heightened responsiveness and capacity to pierce the epidermis, nanofertilizers can reduce nutrient surplus while increasing nutrient usage efficiency. The importance of NPs in mitigating abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity was also established. Some research has shown that NPs can be hazardous to higher plants by depositing themselves on the cell surface or in organelles, hence generating signs of oxidative stress. It is crucial to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of using nanofertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers, as we have done in this book chapter. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Impact of Nanofertilizers for the Mitigation of Multiple Environmental Stresses
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Abhishek Singh; Sapna Rawat; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha; Ashi Varshney
The global farming system has been detrimentally influenced by environmental transformations in recent years, leading to dilemmas with plant growth, physiology, and output due to changes in nonliving factors. These consequences have grown to be a serious danger to global food security and agricultural development, necessitating creative measures for long-term viability. By utilizing nanoscale goods like nanofertilizers, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides, and nanopesticides, nanotechnology has emerged as a helpful strategy for overcoming these challenges. Nanoparticles are particularly useful in agriculture due to their ability to easily traverse cellular barriers, small size, and efficient uptake by plants. Numerous studies have shown that nanoparticle applications can increase both the quality and quantity of harvests, even under various biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper examines the various abiotic stresses that plants face and how nanoparticles can help combat them. It also looks at the molecular, metabolic, and anatomical modifications that plants go through in order to adapt to challenging environments. However, it has been mentioned that there may be environmental and human health dangers related to the extensive usage of nanotechnology. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Microbial Manganese Peroxidase: Ligninolytic Enzymes for Bioremediation
(Springer Nature, 2024) Abhishek Singh; Ragini Sharma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Said Al-Tawaha; Shreni Agrawal; Ashi Varshney; Abdel Razzaq Al-Tawaha; Arun Karnwal
The industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes of microbes such as lignin peroxidase, laccase, and manganese peroxidase have increased in popularity. In the microbial ligninolytic system, manganese peroxidases play a significant role. Oxalic acid and other fungal chelators help convert the Mn (II) ions from soil and wood into Mn3+ form which is more reactive. The phenolic lignin is broken down and free radicals are produced, but Mn3+, a less molecular weight molecule, functions as a diffusible redox intermediary. The alcohol, biofuel, food, cosmetic, agricultural, and textile industries are just a few of the many that could benefit from this technology. The mechanisms for catalytic reactions, biotechnological technological applications, and sources are the primary focuses of this review. Manganese peroxidases, however, can degrade a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds and generate polymeric products that can be used as effective bioremediation instruments. Microorganisms called MnPs can break down lignin into sugars that can then be used to produce biofuels. This chapter focuses mainly on the contemporary state and recent advancements pertaining to the manganese peroxidase enzyme. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Mushrooms in food security and environmental management: Sustainable solutions for a changing world
(De Gruyter, 2024) Karen Ghazaryan; Abhishek Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ashi Varshney; Tatiana M. Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al-Tawaha; Athanasios T. Alexiou; Priyadarshani Rajput
Mushrooms are regarded as multifaceted, packed with nutrients featuring established health advantages. Ancient Greeks believed that mushrooms might give troops strength during battle. Romans and Egyptians referred to mushrooms as "Food of the God" and said they were a particular delicacy. There have been thousands of years of Chinese use of mushrooms as food and medicine. Among the top mushroom producers in the world are China, the United States, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland. In addition to providing food, mushrooms are currently a solution to other issues facing people. Using mycoremediation, mushrooms also aid in the development of greener environmental restoration technologies. A key component of "clean technology" is the biotransformation and purification of water into valuable products, as well as increased productivity and minimal trash creation. Mycelia, a component of mycoremediation, serves as both a protein source and a bioremediation technique. The propensity of mushroom species to secrete a number of breaking down and oxidizing enzymes, which have attracted study interest in the farming of mushrooms and waste remediation sector, can be ascribed to their effectiveness in the generation of food protein (biomass/fruiting bodies) from junk. Food security, human health, and eliminating environmental pollution are the key issues that mushrooms aim to solve. All these characteristics of mushrooms make it essential to combine resources for more thorough research by multiple international technological and scientific agencies. The market global for mushrooms is expected to expand as a result of their potential nutritional and health benefits, including those for weight control, oral health, and cancer prevention. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved.
Revolutionizing Crop Production: Nanoscale Wonders-Current Applications, Advances, and Future Frontiers
(National Information and Documentation Centre, 2024) Abhishek Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ashi Varshney; Ragini Sharma; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Athanasios Alexiou; Hassan El-Ramady
REVIEWING Agri-nanotechnology from the perspective of nanoparticles and crops will help us better understand the interactions between nanoparticles and crops, such as uptake, mobilization, and accumulation. In recent years, a great deal has been accomplished in nanotechnology in biomedical sciences, revolutionizing therapeutic and diagnostic techniques. Despite that, additional research is introducing the NPs on plant development and agroecosystems for smart nontechnological approaches for crop enhancement. Here, we have swiftly introduced NPs used in plant science and described the methods of application uptake, mobilization, and biological effects of NPs on crops. Intending to invigorate plant safety or promote plant progression and development that affected crop production. This review examines the essential present applications of NPs in agriculture while also exploring the potential application of NPs in a regulatory manner, which could open novel and harmless possibilities for the intelligent delivery of biomolecules and for novel tactics in crop nutrient management, crop genetic engineering, and battling against abiotic stresses in climate change era. © 2024 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC).
Small Tech, Big Impact: Agri-nanotechnology Journey to Optimize Crop Protection and Production for Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Abhishek Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Ashi Varshney; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina
The world's climate shifts rapidly, leading to increasingly severe and volatile weather, negatively impacting crop yields. To produce long-lasting crops, cutting-edge nanotechnology is applied to agriculture called agri-nanotechnology (ANT), a relatively fresh field of research. ANT aims to help agricultural systems meet the demands for sustainable food production. The inclusion of ANT could transform conventional farming practices by enabling the targeted delivery of biomolecules and the controlled liberation of agrochemicals. Increasing crop yields requires a vaster understanding of the interactions between plants and nanoparticles (NPs) to make them more resistant to environmental stresses and maximize their utilization. Furthermore, ANT is a well-known and highly praised tool that provides various solutions to build modern agricultural practices. In summation, ANT stands as a vanguard in harnessing nanoscale innovations to optimize crop protection and production in a sustainable way. © 2023 The Author(s)