Browsing by Author "Kavindra Nath Tiwari"

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A Dual Therapeutic Approach to Diabetes Mellitus via Bioactive Phytochemicals Found in a Poly Herbal Extract by Restoration of Favorable Gut Flora and Related Short-Chain Fatty Acids
(Springer, 2024) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Vishnu D. Rajput; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh; Tatiana Minkina; Ajay Kumar Pandey; Prabhat Upadhyay
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic and endocrine condition, poses a serious threat to human health and longevity. The emerging role of gut microbiome associated with bioactive compounds has recently created a new hope for DM treatment. UHPLC-HRMS methods were used to identify these compounds in a poly herbal ethanolic extract (PHE). The effects of PHE on body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and the correlation between DM-related indices and gut microbes, in rats were investigated. Chebulic acid (0.368%), gallic acid (0.469%), andrographolide (1.304%), berberine (6.442%), and numerous polysaccharides were the most representative constituents in PHE. A more significant BW gain and a reduction in FBG level towards normal of PHE 600 mg/kg treated rats group were resulted at the end of 28th days of the study. Moreover, the composition of the gut microbiota corroborated the study’s hypothesis, as evidenced by an increased ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and some beneficial microbial species, including Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus hamster. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Ruminococcus bromii, and Blautia producta was found to decline in PHE treatment groups as compared to diabetic group. The abundance of beneficial bacteria in PHE 600 mg/kg treatment group was concurrently associated with increased SCFAs concentrations of acetate and propionate (7.26 nmol/g and 4.13 nmol/g). The findings of this study suggest a promising approach to prevent DM by demonstrating that these naturally occurring compounds decreased FBG levels by increasing SCFAs content and SCFAs producing gut microbiota. Graphical Abstract: Flow chart summarizing research on the dual therapeutic approach to diabetes mellitus via bioactive chemicals found in a poly herbal extract and the management of gut microbiota in relation to DM. (SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; SMB53, a genus of bacterial microbiota of small intestine; LPS, lipopolysaccharide) (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Aggravation of cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity in mice by aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos (L.)
(Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), 2017) Sangita Singh; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Swarn Lata; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Aegle marmelos (L.) (Rutaceae) commonly known as bael is an important medicinal fruit tree. The present study focused on the effects of aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos (AEAM) on the testis and sperm characteristics induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) in mice. Thirty six adult Parke’s strain mice were divided into six groups: group I given only distilled water (control); group II administered with AEAM alone once in a week for five weeks; group III administered with CPA (200 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneally) once in a week for five weeks and group IV-VI CPA along with AEAM (400, 500 and 600 mg/kg b.w., orally). CPA was found to reduce gonadosomatic index (GSI), sperm counts, motility, viability, antioxidant activities and induced histopathological changes of testis. In the group administered AEAM with CPA an exacerbation of sperm count, motility and viability of the cauda epididymis, GSI, antioxidant activities and architecture of testis was observed. The results suggest that the administration of AEAM may aggravate CPA-induced reproductive toxicity. It may be helpful in preparation of natural male contraceptives. © 2017, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca). All rights reserved.
Ameliorative activity of ethanolic flower extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect and profiling of active compounds using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2018) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Prabhat Upadhyay; Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Raghunath More; Jasmeet Singh
Background: Amnesia state damages the hippocampus and leads to the loss of short-term memory. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) is used in traditional medicines to treat various ailments. Objective: In the present investigation, we evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extract of flowers of N. arbor-tristis against scopolamine-induced amnestic effect in male Wister rats and intended to identify the major compounds present in the extract. Materials and Methods: The anti-amnestic profile of flower extract was screened by elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Results: EPM test confirmed the anxiolytic effect of the extract in rats and decreased the transfer latency in the protected arm of the EPM. During PA test, the extract resulted significant increase in step-down latencies during both the acquisition and retention sessions. In MWM task, the scopolamine injection significantly prolonged the escape latency time, whereas this time was shortened in flower extract-treated group. For the confirmation of anti-amnestic effect of extract, acetylcholine (Ach) content, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus brain were evaluated. The extract significantly increased ACh content and decreased the activity of AChE in the hippocampus of the brain. Similarly, the extract declined the MDA and increased the GSH and SOD levels in brain tissues. The phytol (RT 19.69) and loliolide (RT 23.50) were identified in the extract through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The four major compounds such as 4-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid hemihydrate, chalcone, and melatonin were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Conclusion: The anti-amnestic effect of ethanolic extract of the flower was confirmed. It contains several compounds which might be useful in the treatment and to control several neurodegenerative diseases. © 2019 Pharmacognosy Magazine Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
An introduction to nanopriming for sustainable agriculture
(IGI Global, 2023) Shreni Agrawal; Richa Das; Shivangee Solanki; Simran Choudhury; Indrani Bhattacharya; Pradeep Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Plant seeds are of paramount importance in the agricultural sector as well as plant life cycle, and are being severely threatened by environmental changes such as biotic and abiotic stress, resource deficiency, climate fluctuation, etc. Cue, nano¬priming, a nascent yet innovative approach to seed technology, combining versatility of nanoparticles and engineered nanomaterials with 'seed-priming' to induce adaptive physiological changes, thus, improving seed quality and crop yield. This study reported mechanisms by which nano-priming synchronizes seed germination, breaks seed dormancy, boosts seed vigor, increases tolerance to periodic stress conditions, assists phyto-microbiota to thrive under environmental uncertainties, creates nanopores in shoots along with upregulation of aquaporin genes for better water uptake, and other reported changes at molecular, biochemical level. Withal, this study offers insight on the future of nano-priming when blended with cutting- edge technologies like cold plasma, artificial intelligence, and digital analysis to revolutionize the agrarian sector. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant potential of phyllanthus fraternus webster on cyclophosphamide induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in mice
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2015) Sangita Singh; Swarn Lata; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Cyclophasphamide (CPA) is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a cytotoxic alkylating agent widely used in chemotherapeutic regimen. However, the clinical efficacy of CPA is marred by its side effects. In clinical applications of CPA, it becomes necessary to prevent the oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity induced thereby in normal cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (AEPF) on CPA (200 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) induced changes in sperm characteristics and testicular oxidative damage in male mice. The CPA treated group showed significant decrease in gonadosomatic index (GSI), epididymal sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability compared to control group, while the CPA + AEPF treated group had significant increase with respect to these variables compared to the CPA-treated group. The elevated levels of lipid peroxidation by CPA were effectively reduced with AEPF. It also exhibited protective action against the CPA induced depletion of antioxidants like catalase and superoxide dismutase. DNA damage was measured by comet assay, biomonitoring with comet assay elicited significant increase in genotoxicity. Genotoxicity caused by CPA was counteracted by aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus. Administration of the plant extract along with CPA restored the histopathological architecture of testis. Thus, the aqueous extract of P. fraternus by virtue of its antioxidant potential can be used as an effective agent to reduce CPA-induced oxidative stress in male mice. © 2015, National Institute of Science Communication. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant property of aerial parts and root of phyllanthus fraternus webster, an important medicinal plant
(2014) Richa Upadhyay; Jitendra Kumar Chaurasia; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Karuna Singh
In present study free radical scavenging potential of aerial parts and root of Phyllanthus fraternus was investigated. Extraction was done in water and ethanol. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging method; ethanolic extract of aerial part was most potent in activity with 50% inhibition at 258 μg/mL concentration. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by using egg-yolk homogenates as lipid-rich media with ECof aerial part (ethanolic) 1522 μg/mL which was found to be most active. Superoxide (SO) radical scavenging activity was measured using riboflavin-light-nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Ethanolic and aqueous extract of both aerial part and root was almost similar in superoxide radical scavenging activity. Reducing power was determined on the basis of Fe 3 + - Fe 2 + transformation in the presence of extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured by spectroscopic method. Results showed that the ethanolic fraction of aerial part is most active towards antioxidant potential and this activity is related to its polyphenolic content and reducing potential. Thus, P. fraternus extract can be used as potent natural antioxidant. © 2014 Richa Upadhyay et al.
Application of Nano-Biochar to Improve Soil Quality and Sustainability
(Apple Academic Press, 2025) Shreni Agrawal; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Richa Das; Amit Kumar Singh; Praveen Kumar Shukla; Pooja Verma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Indrani Bhattacharya; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The Green Revolution has been beneficial in promoting the growth of human civilization, but it has also degraded the soil, destroyed biodiversity, and accelerated climate change. Advanced nanomaterials, including nano-biochar, have provided prolonged solutions for a wide range of current challenges. Nano-biochar is a specialized form of biochar with a structural size on the nanometer scale featuring better morphological and physiochemical properties. Nano-BC application improves soil qualities, making it better suited for plant growth and development. By enhancing soil porosity, resistivity, and water-holding capacities—all crucial for sustaining soil activity—Nano-BC offers an ideal soil habitat for bacteria. Biomass is pyrolyzed to produce the bulk parent biochar, which is then mechanically processed using various milling methods to generate nano-biochar. Different types of nano-biochar, such as biochar nanocomposites, magnetic nano-biochar, functional nanoparticles coated nano-biochar, and colloidal biochar, have greater environmental applications than normal biochar, such as improving plant growth, removing pesticides from soil, adding fertilizer, microbial growth, and managing disease. A large surface area, high degree of crystallinity, high nutritional quality, and good chemical group concentrations are a few of the distinctive characteristics of nano-biochar. The features of biochar basically depend on biomaterials that were utilized and the pyrolysis circumstances, with its distinctiveness resting on its large specific surface area and a constant source of carbon, which predispose to superior crop responses and soil health. These chapters discuss the production, types, and various applications of nano-biochar, as well as their significant contributions to agriculture, particularly in soil development. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Application of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and plant growth promoting Rhizobactria on nodulation, plant biomass and yields of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
(2010) J.P. Verma; J. Yadav; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Field-based experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined application of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on chickpea production in two consecutive years. A positive influence of plant growth promoting rhizobactria and Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 on nodulation, plant biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus in nodule, grain and straw and yield related parameter were recorded in two year of field experiments. The maximum significant increase in nodule number, dry weight of nodule, root and shoot were recorded in co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and Pseudomonas fluorescens followed by co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01, Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megaterium over uninoculated control in two year of field study while, nitrogen and phosphorus content increase in nodules, grain and straw. The Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and P. fluorescens showed significant increase in all parameter due to more available nitrogen by Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and more available of phosphorus, iron and plant hormones like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and antifungal activity by P. fluorescens in comparison of B. megaterium and A. chroococcum. Therefore, co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. BHURC01 and P. fluorescens could be effective biofertilizer for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production. © 2010 Academic Journals Inc.
Appraisal on accumulation of nanoenabled agrochemicals in plants with subsequent morphophysiological implications
(Elsevier, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Kajal Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Nancy Singh; Sakshi Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The use of agricultural goods that are nanoenabled with nanotechnology, including nanoemulsions, nanoherbicides, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, to enhance the efficacy of agrochemical distribution to crop plants has become a more practical option. Many experiments have shown that the use of nanoagrochemicals has the efficacy of lowering the negative effects of chemical-derived fertilizer on the natural environment, in addition to significantly boosting crop yield. Still, new evidence suggests that goods made using nanotechnology not only have the ability to boost agricultural productivity but also bring about changes to the condition of the crop. There have been reports of variations in the amount of carbohydrates, amino acids, and starch present, in addition to the necessary metals. The levels of verbi gratia, albumin, globulin, and prolamin have dramatically increased in rice that has been subjected to CeO2-engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), whereas the levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus have risen in different crops that received treatments treated with CeO2, CuO, and ZnO ENPs. On the other hand, researchers found that Mo and Ni levels dropped in both cucumbers and kidney beans after they were treated with synthetic nanoparticles made of CeO2 and ZnO, respectively. However, brief studies on the particular effects of nanoenabled agrochemical in agricultural area have been disscussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment of antioxidant potential in seed extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. and phytochemical profiling by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry system
(Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca), 2022) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rajesh Saini; Jitendra Kumar Chaurasia; Sunil Kumar Mishra
The present study has been carried out with the seed extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Parijat) and evaluates its antioxidant potential and profiling the phytochemical constituents by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant potential of the seed extracts was measured by four different in vitro assay like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and lipid peroxidation inhibition potential (LPIP) assay. The total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated. The ethyl acetate extract (EAE) of seeds showed potential DPPH free radical scavenging activity (EC50 129.49±3.55µg/ml), superoxide anion radical (EC50 969.94±8.03µg/ml) and LPIP (EC50 452.43±5.07 µg/ml) activities. The total phenol content was maximum in aqueous extract (AQE) which was 201.00±0.20 µg/mg gallic acid equivalent. The EAE was rich with total flavonoid and it was found to be 34.50±0.40 µg/mg rutin equivalent. The EAE was subjected for phytochemical-profiling using GC-MS system. The presence of different phytoconstituents supports the medicinal value of the seeds. The results suggest that EAE constitutes a promising new source of novel compounds. Further, it can be used for isolation and purification of specific compounds which have good antioxidant activities and possess useful biological activities. © 2022, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca). All rights reserved.
Assessment of factors on shoot proliferation potential of nodal explants of Phyllanthus fraternus and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants using RAPD marker
(Versita, 2014) Richa Upadhyay; Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap; Chandrashekhar Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Karuna Singh; Major Singh
Phyllanthus fraternus is an important medicinal plant, popularly known for its hepatoprotective and antiviral activities since ancient times. Various physiological factors like carbon sources, concentration of agar, pH of the media and effect of season of explants collection were optimized for high frequency regeneration of P. fraternus. The frequency of regeneration, average number and length of shoots were highly influenced by the type and concentration of carbon sources (monosaccharides and disaccharides, 1 to 4%), agar concentration (0.2 to 1%) and pH (4.5 to 6.8) of the media. Media containing 3% sucrose, 0.6% agar at pH 5.8 was best for regeneration. Seasonal variation of explants collection significantly affected the axillary shoots proliferation from explants and best proliferation was observed from explants collected during April to June. Genetic fidelity of regenerated plants was assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. No polymorphism was detected in micropropagated plants and the mother plant, revealing the genetic homogeneity of the in vitro raised plantlets. This is the first report regarding establishment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated P. fraternus plants, which could be successfully applied for the mass multiplication, germplasm conservation and further genetic transformation assays to meet the ever increasing demand of this medicinally potent plant for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. © 2014, Versita Warsaw and Springer-Verlag Wien.
Berberine's antihyperglycemic effects via modulation of pancreatic ferroptosis and the CDC42-AR/PTGS2/ESR1 signaling pathway: A genomic and network pharmacology approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Manjeet Kumar Sah Gond; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anand Kumar Singh
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. The increase in lethality associated with ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death in pancreatic tissues at the molecular level, arises from the accumulation of reactive molecules, such as oxygen species, generated through lipid metabolism, which is linked to the cells' reduced capacity to manage oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, and development of DM and its various complications. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing iron metabolism and its contribution to ferroptosis in DM could enhance disease management strategies. To address this, a bioinformatics approach was employed to investigate the antidiabetic potential of key target genes, including CDC42, AR, PTGS2, and ESR1, using a polyherbal extract (PHE) enriched with berberine (BBR), offering a novel perspective in DM treatment. Findings revealed that BBR (constituting 6.442 % in PHE and 0.399 % in Berberis aristata) was identified at retention times of 7.14 in PHE and 6.80 in BA, respectively, as the most significant compound in the positive mode of HR-MS analysis. The antihyperglycemic effect of PHE resulted in a notable decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels within 30 min of glucose loading in different experimental rat groups. The outcomes suggest that the target genes CDC42 and AR/PTGS2/ESR1 could be downregulated by BBR-enriched PHE, potentially modulating pancreatic ferroptosis in DM. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC.: Characterization and evaluation of its activity against Leishmania donovani
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Rajan Singh; Pooja Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta is used as a folk medicine to cure various ailments. Regardless of ethnobotanical application, a therapeutic study of the plant parts has yet to be reported. Aqueous leaf extract was enriched with secondary metabolites like phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Total phenol (60.97 mgG−1 GAE), total flavonoid (52.36 mgG−1 RE), and antioxidant activity (IC50 2666.95 µgmL−1) of the extract were measured. Bio-based silver nanoparticles (LEUP-AgNPs) were fabricated using a secondary metabolite-enriched leaf extract of U. picta (LEUP), and characterization of LEUP-AgNPs was done. The LEUP-AgNPs were crystalline, circular (13.04 ± 5.97 nm), monodisperse (pdi 0.205), and stable (-17.8 mV). The LEUP-AgNPs surface was composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silver. A comparative study was performed to evaluate the potential of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs against promastigotes and intra-RAW264.7 macrophage amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. A high dose of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes up to 53% and 68%, with an IC50 value of 47.90 µgmL−1 and 6.79 µgmL−1, respectively. LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs higher doses also inhibited intracellular amastigotes up to 53% and 80% with an IC50 value of 6.72 µgmL−1 and 1.16 µgmL−1, respectively. The microscopic examination revealed that LEUP-AgNPs lead to size reduction and aggregations of promastigotes. The LEUP-AgNPs efficiently declined the number of amastigotes per RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to LEUP. LEUP-AgNPs had no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages based on the CC50 value. Findings showed LEUP-AgNPs were more efficient than LEUP in controlling L. donovani, which induces visceral leishmaniasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Biodiversity of Indian medicinal plants as a source for anticancer drugs
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Chandrashekhar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Jasmeet Singh
India has a rich biodiversity of medicinal plants. These plants have natural therapeutic values against various diseases; also provide high quality of food and raw materials for livelihood. Over the years, number of synthetic anticancer drugs has been developed for clinical uses. The major problem associated with these drugs is lack of specificity, as these agents do not differentiate cancer and normal cells. Other than this, drug resistance is another serious problem which developed gradually after a period of time. Combination therapy is used to combat this problem, which seems to be temporary. This approach may threaten the possibility of the development of drug resistance in host. Medicinal plants may promote host resistance against various infections by re-stabilizing body equilibrium and conditioning the body tissues. The plants are easily available, relatively inexpensive, easy to use, nontoxic as compared to the modern (allopathic) drugs. Thus, the various combinations of the active components of these plants can be formulated and assessed for their anticancer activity. The rate at which cancer problem is progressing, it is an alarming situation. It needs effective effort for making good health of humans as well as animals. There is a broad scope to derive the potent anticancer agents from medicinal plants. Several plant derived anticancer drugs are available in the market. It is directly or its derivatives are used at present in the cancer treatment. The development of a safe, economical and site-specific anticancer drug is still a challenge. Perhaps, scientists will give attention towards medicinal plants biodiversity for diverse lead compounds having a novel mode of action to tackle this dreadful disease. Major focus of this review is to explore the potential of Indian medicinal plants diversity for the development of effective anticancer drugs. © 2017 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chitosan film of thiolated TPGS-modified Au-Ag nanoparticles for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Chandrashekhar Singh; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Matte Kasi Viswanadh; Punit Tiwari; Rajesh Saini; Sanjeev Kumar Singh; Ragini Tilak; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Madaswamy S. Muthu
The widely used vitamin-E based amphiphilic material, tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) was further improvised to redox-sensitive thiolated TPGS (TPGS-SH), which has been achieved by attaching 4-aminothiophenol. Further, TPGS and TPGS-SH-coated bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles (TPGS-Au-Ag-NP and TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP) were formulated to explore their antibacterial and wound healing abilities. The prepared NP were monodisperse with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 69.5±3.23 nm, 59.65±3.23 nm, PDI of 0.3±0.05, 0.2±0.03 and a zeta potential of +29.2±2.71 mV and +35.28±1.53 mV, respectively. The TPGS and TPGS-SH modified Au-Ag-NP were tested for their antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and E. coli; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) results showed that TPGS Au-Ag-NP, TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP displayed significantly stronger antibacterial activity than their coating material alone. The anti-efflux pump activity of the most potent antibacterial agent TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP was evaluated against MRSA. Toxicity assessment of TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP in human dermal fibroblasts showed 88% viability up to 125 µg/mL. The TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP, after incorporation in chitosan film (TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP-CS), exhibited sustained release and prolonged in vivo residence characteristics, which were evaluated by IVIS. Results also revealed that treatment with TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP showed a significant 87% wound healing rate after 12 days of application in the rat model. Hence, we concluded that TPGS-SH-Au-Ag-NP was safe and effective against test bacteria MRSA and capable of efficient wound healing when incorporated in chitosan film. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Comparative analysis of the seasonal influence on polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, identification of bioactive constituents and hepatoprotective biomarkers by in silico docking analysis in Premna integrifolia L.
(Springer, 2022) Chandrashekhar Singh; Richa Upadhyay; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The present study reports the effect of different seasons on polyphenol content and antioxidant potential of ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and roots of Premna integrifolia. Ethyl acetate extract of leaves (EAEPI) collected in the rainy season showed potent antioxidant activity with highest total phenol (74.33 ± 2.26 µg/mg, gallic acid equivalent), and flavonoid (98.83 ± 0.26 µg/mg, rutin equivalent) content. Therefore, EAEPI extract was subjected to characterization by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC–MS analysis for the identification of active constituents. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis in + ve ion mode revealed the presence of eight polyphenolic compounds namely quercetin-3-D-xyloside, kaempferol-3,7-O-bis-alpha-L-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-Oglucoside, luteolin-3′,7-di-O-glucoside, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, syringetin-3-O-galactoside, petunidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside and vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside. GC–MS analysis confirmed the presence of 26 compounds with six major compounds viz; citronellol, phytol acetate, campesterol, squalene, stigmasterol, and hexadecanoic acid. These compounds are reported for the first time from P. integrifolia except phytol and stigmasterol. Our previous study validates the hepatoprotective potential of P. integrifolia but there was no idea about the bioactive compound responsible for the activity. So, in present work, the major compounds identified in spectrometry analysis were subjected to in silico docking against an important liver enzyme alanine amino transaminase to confirm its hepatoprotective properties. Docking analysis validates the presence of two hepatoprotective lead compounds stigmasterol, and campesterol, which satisfy the drug-likeness criteria with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity properties. Thus, present work gives a clear insight about the influence of season on the total polyphenolic constituent in different plant parts of P. integrifolia, their antioxidant potential and preclinical evaluation of hepatoprotective lead compounds. © 2022, Prof. H.S. Srivastava Foundation for Science and Society.
Comparative antioxidant study in different flower extracts of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) (Oleaceae): an important medicinal plant
(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Awadhesh Kumar Mishra; Richa Upadhyay; Jitendra Kumar Chaurasia; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (L.) popularly known as ‘Parijat’ belongs to the family Oleaceae and is widely used in the traditional system of medicines in India. It has immense biological properties. In the present study, the shade-dried flowers were extracted in three different solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by four different in vitro assays—DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and reducing power determination. Phytoconstituents like total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extracts were also measured. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed in ethanolic extract of the flower. The higher phenolic content was found in aqueous extract (177.0 ± 0.17 µg mg−1 gallic acid equivalent). Flavonoid content was higher in ethanolic extract 29.25 ± 0.13 µg mg−1 equivalent to rutin) of flower than the other two extracts. This indicates that both phenolic and flavonoid contents might be responsible for the antioxidant potential of the flower. Ethanolic extract of the flower was found most potent in antioxidant activity in all assays. Thus, the ethanolic extract of the flower can be used as a cheap natural source of antioxidants. © 2016, Botanical Society of Sao Paulo.
Comparative antioxidant study of stem and stem induced callus of Phyllanthus fraternus webster - An important antiviral and hepatoprotective plant
(2013) Richa Upadhyay; Jitendra Kumar Chaurasia; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Karuna Singh
Phyllanthus fraternus is widely used in the cure of various liver diseases and possess antiviral properties especially against hepatitis virus. In the present study, evaluation of the antioxidant activity of stem and calli induced from stem has been done by different assays. Extraction was done by standard method in water and ethanol. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method. Lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by using egg yolk homogenates as lipid-rich media, and superoxide radical scavenging activity was measured using riboflavin-light-nitro blue tetrazolium assay. Reducing power was determined on the basis of Fe3+-Fe 2+ transformation in the presence of the extract. In addition to the antioxidant activity, polyphenolic compounds like total phenolics and flavonoids were also measured by spectroscopic method. Results showed that the ethanolic extract of stem is more potent in antioxidant activity than its aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of calli. A significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content and reducing potential was observed, indicating that phenolic compounds and reducers present in extract are major contributors to the antioxidant potential. Thus, this plant extract could be used as a potent natural antioxidant. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013.
Comparative in vitro regeneration study of mature and juvenile nodal explants and extraction, isolation, characterization of bio-active constituents from leaves of an endangered medicinal plant Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC
(International Congress of Chemistry and Environment, 2014) Preeti Srivastava; Brahma Deo Singh; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
An efficient and reproducible micropropagation system for Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC, an endangered medicinal plant through in vitro culture of nodal explants from one year old branches of field grown mature plants and from 4 week old seedlings has been developed. Nodal explants cultured on growth regulator (GR) free MS medium did not show Auxiliary shoot development. BA (6-benzyl aminopurine) at 4.4 μM induced shoot development from the 100% and 88% of the explants from seedling and mature plant branches respectively; it also produced the highest number of shoots per explants (24.1 and 18.7 shoots from seedling and mature shoot -derived nodal explants respectively). Three subcultures of the nodal explants enable mass multiplication of shoots without the evidence of any decline. The shoots were elongated on 0.58 μM GA3. The highest rooting (96%) and the maximum number of roots (9) per shoot were obtained when elongated shoots were dipped in indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution (492.12 μM) for 30 minutes and then cultured on half-strength MS medium. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the field with survival rate of 96%. These plants grew normally in the field without any observable morphological variation.
Comparative studies of cytokinins on in vitro propagation of Bacopa monniera
(2001) Vaibhav Tiwari; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Brahma Deo Singh
A mass in vitro propagation system for Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst. (Scrophulariaceae), a medicinally important plant, has been developed. A range of cytokinins have been investigated for multiple shoot induction with node, internode and leaf explants. Of the four cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, thidiazuron, kinetin and 2-isopentenyladenine) tested thidiazuron (6.8 μM) and 6-benzyladenine (8.9 μM) proved superior to other treatments. Optimum adventitious shoot buds induction occurred at 6.8 μM thidiazuron where an average of 93 shoot buds were produced in leaf explants after 7 weeks of incubation. However, subculture of leaf explants on medium containing 2.2 μM benzyladenine yielded a higher number (129.1) of adventitious shoot buds by the end of third subculture. The percentage shoot multiplication (100%) as well as the number of shoots per explant remained the high during the first 3 subculture cycles, facilitating their simultaneous harvest for rooting. In vitro derived shoots were elongated on growth regulator-free MS medium and exhibited better rooting response on medium containing 4.9 μM IBA. After a hardening phase of 3 weeks, there was an almost 100% transplantation success in the field.