Browsing by Author "Kruti Debnath Mandal"

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices
(wiley, 2023) Bhupamani Das; Kruti Debnath Mandal; Abhinav Suthar; Chinmoy Maji
This chapter provides a basic understanding of causes, types, mechanism, consequences, current status, as well as actions to be taken against antimicrobial resistance with special reference to goat production. This knowledge may be helpful to form efficient preventive and control strategies to combat this serious issue. There are very scanty reports on the antimicrobial resistance status in small ruminants, especially in goats. The picture that emerges, although incomplete, allows the reader to assess the current and emerging threats, the distinct issues that influence the evolution of resistance, the main problems caused by resistance, and the potential avenues to tackle at least some of this complex panorama. © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Infectious abortive diseases: Chlamydiosis
(wiley, 2025) Chinmoy Maji; Kruti Debnath Mandal; Suman Biswas
Chlamydiales order members are intriguing Gram-negative, obligatory intracellular bacteria that divide within eukaryotic hosts and share a distinctive biphasic developmental cycle. The diagnosis of chlamydial infections can therefore be difficult for pathologists, apart from chlamydial abortion in small ruminants like goat and avian chlamydiosis. All members of the Chlamydiaceae family are Gram negative, nonmotile, obligate intracellular bacterial organisms. All of them possess a unique biphasic developmental cycle. The most prominent clinical sign of infection is abortion in goats. However, severe metritis, pneumonia, and keratoconjunctivitis are also recorded in some cases. The clinical picture of abortion with necrotzsing placentitis is sufficient to diagnose chlamydial cause of abortion. Pregnant animals infected in late gestation, but not aborted, may show further abortion in subsequent gestations as they became carriers. Both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines significantly decrease the rate of abortion and shedding of organism. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism–induced facial osteodystrophy in a Labrador puppy
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Deeksha Bharti; Y. Ajith; E. Madhesh; Naveen Kumar Verma; Mamta Singh; E. Kalaiselvan; Raja Raghuvaran; Srishti Soni; Kruti Debnath Mandal; Reena Mukherjee; Umesh Dimri
Parathormone is a key polypeptide hormone controlling bone remodeling by influencing calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D homeostasis in mammalian body. This report describes unusual presentation of osteodystrophy causing facial hyperostosis due to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in a puppy. A female Labrador Retriever dog aged 5 months was presented with progressive bilaterally symmetrical swelling on facial region, hypersalivation, and reduced growth rate. Excessive meat intake in daily ration since weaning was reported. Clinical examination revealed dyspnoea, open mouth breathing, epiphora, excessive nasal secretions, tachycardia, pale mucous membranes, debility, loosely attached teeth, and pigmented oral mucosa of the upper jaw. Microcytic anemia, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, monocytopenia, hypoproteinemia with hypoglobulinemia, hyperalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and decreased Ca:P ratio were evident in the hemato-biochemical study. Lateral radiographic view of the head revealed hyperostosis of the facial bones with irregularly arranged teeth on the upper jaw. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism–induced facial osteodystrophy was diagnosed in the animal based on the history and other supporting clinical evidence. The animal was treated with a protocol extending for 4 weeks using calcium, calcitriol, essential minerals, vitamins, and steroids. The animal showed considerable improvement on day 14 and regained normal facial architecture by day 28 of the therapy. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd. part of Springer Nature.
Prediction, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Synthetic Peptide as an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Candidate for Screening of Bovine Antibodies against Theileria annulata
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Prasanta Kumar Koustasa Mishra; Anupama Jena; Souti Prasad Sarkhel; Sujit Kumar Behera; Annada Das; Thankappan Sabarinath; Dayanidhi Jena; Kruti Debnath Mandal; Adhikari Sahu; Anshuman Kumar; Vinod Kumar; Rahul Ganpatrao Kadam; Srinivas Sathapathy; Thavitiki Prasada Rao
Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) of livestock are endemic across various parts of tropical countries. Theileriosis is one such economically important TBD, caused by the Theileriidae family of organisms, which is transmitted by ticks. Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, contributes a significant loss to the dairy sector by causing anorexia, high fever, anemia, inflammatory changes in vital organs and icterus, thus, a loss in milk yield. Though vaccines are available, their protective efficacy is not absolute, and treatment is limited to early diagnosis of the causative agent. Routinely, microscopic identification of piroplasms in the erythrocytes (Giemsa-stained) of infected animals or schizonts in lymph node biopsies are practiced for diagnosis. PCR-based techniques (multiplex, uniplex, nested and real-time) have been reported to perform well in diagnosing active infection. Several attempts have been made using serological assays like Dot blot, ELISA and ICT, but the results were of variable sensitivity and specificity. Recombinant proteins like the Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen (Tams1) and Theileria annulata surface protein (TaSP) have been explored as antigenic candidates for these assays. In the present study, we predicted an immunogenic peptide, i.e., TaSP-34, from the TaSP using various computational tools. The predicted peptide was custom synthesized. The diagnostic potential of the peptide was assessed by indirect plate ELISA to detect the bovine-IgM against Theileria annulata. Alongside, a recombinant truncated TaSP (rTaSP(tr)) was expressed and purified, which was used to compare the performance of the peptide as a diagnostic candidate. The IgM-based peptide ELISA was 100% sensitive and 92.77% specific as compared to PCR (Tams1 targeting), while 98.04% sensitivity and 97.44% specificity were observed in comparison with rTaSP(tr) ELISA. Almost perfect agreement between peptide ELISA and Tams1 PCR was observed with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ-value) of 0.901 and agreement of 95.31%. Further, the κ-value between the peptide ELISA and rTaSP(tr) ELISA was found to be 0.95, and the agreement was 97.65%, which shows a good correlation between the two tests. The findings suggest that the TaSP-34 peptide can be an efficient and new-generation diagnostic candidate for the diagnosis of T. annulata. Furthermore, the peptide can be synthesized commercially at a larger scale and can be a cost-effective alternative for the protein-based diagnostic candidates for T. annulata. © 2023 by the authors.