Browsing by Author "Kshitij Mohan"

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A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Praveen Kumar Rai; Kshitij Mohan; Sameer Mishra; Aariz Ahmad; Varun Narayan Mishra
The study indicates that analysis of morphometric parameters with the help of geographic information system (GIS) would prove a viable method of characterizing the hydrological response behaviour of the watershed. It is also well observed that remote sensing satellite data is emerging as the most effective, time saving and accurate technique for morphometric analysis of a basin. This technique is found relevant for the extraction of river basin and its stream networks through ASTER (DEM) in conjunction with remote sensing satellite data (Landsat etm+, 2013 and georeferenced survey of Indian toposheet, 1972). In this study, Kanhar basin a tributaries of Son River has been selected for detailed morphometric analysis. Seven sub-watersheds are also delineated within this basin to calculate the selected morphometric parameters. Morphometric parameters viz; stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, circulatory ratio, etc., are calculated. The drainage area of the basin is 5,654 km2 and shows sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern. The stream order of the basin is mainly controlled by physiographic and lithological conditions of the area. The study area is designated as seventh-order basin with the drainage density value being as 1.72 km/km2. The increase in stream length ratio from lower to higher order shows that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. © 2014, The Author(s).
A study of morphometric evaluation of the Son basin, India using geospatial approach
(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Praveen Kumar Rai; Varun Narayan Mishra; Kshitij Mohan
This study deals that morphometric evaluation is feasible method of characterization of hydrological response behavior of the any river basin. In this study, Son basin a tributary of the Ganga river has been selected for the detailed morphometric evaluation. The Son basin is approximate 68,863 km2 and shows sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern. The measurement and analysis for Son basin and its five major sub-watershed are carried on GIS platform to describe the topography and drainage characteristics. The input parameters required to run this model are: a pour point, a minimum upstream area in sq km and a digital elevation model. Streams were automatically extracted from ASTER DEM data. The stream order of the basin is predominantly controlled by physiographic and structural conditions. The study area is designated as sixth-order basin and lower order streams mostly dominate the basin with the drainage density value of 0.26 km/km2. The slope of basin varied from 0° to 70.4° and the slope variation is mainly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) for the Son basin varies from 2.41 to 7. The higher values of Rb in basin indicate a strong structural and geological control on the drainage pattern. The elongation ratio of the basin is 0.553 indicating that the study area is extended with moderate to steep slopes. The increase in stream length ratio from lower to higher order shows that the basin is part of a mature geomorphic stage. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Changing regimes of gangotri and surrounding glaciers: A case study of Garhwal Himalaya, India
(Elsevier, 2016) Praveen Kumar Rai; Kshitij Mohan; Varun Narayan Mishra; Mayank Biswari; Arjun Sharma; Shalini Rai
In the present study, 16 selected glaciers including Gangotri and surrounding covering an area of 2982.14 sq km, Garhwal Himalaya (Uttrakhand) India were mapped and their boundaries were delineated using the Landsat MSS (3rd November, 1976), TM (16th October, 1990), ETM+(18th October, 1999 and) and OLI-TIRS (29th Oct., 2013)) and ASTER images. In this study a total of 101 glacial lakes are identified in 2013 while the number of identified glacial lakes was 69 and 128 in 1990 and 1999. The valley of Gangotri glacier and Satopanth glacier show huge increase in number and area of glacial lakes especially supraglacial lakes. Several morphometric parameters like length, width, total area, perimeter, accumulation area, ablation area, area accumulation ratio (AAR), thickness etc. were estimated for detailed morphometric analysis among the mapped glaciers. The mapping of selected 16 glaciers during the period 1972-2013 reveals that the glacier covered area reduced from 409.08 to 377.83 sq km observing approx. 7.63% deglaciation in the Gangotri and surrounding area. Gangotri glacier shown a net loss of 4.68% area during 1972-2013 while it shows a net gain of 1.32% area during 1999-2013. Advancement in the total glacier area was also recorded during 1979-1999. A higher rate of retreat of the some of the glaciers was observed during 1989-2006 as compared to the retreat during 1972-1989. The average elevation of the ablation zone of Gangotri glacier showed an upward shift from 3944 m (1972) to 4033 m (2013) which may be a consequence of a shift in Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) reflecting imbalance. In this study it is estimated that the Gangotri glacier was retreated 1.60 km between 1972-2013. During the period of 1972-2013, it was observed that maximum retreat among selected 16 glacier were mainly Arwa, Raktavaran, Panpatia, Chaturangi, Satopant glaciers (9.47 km, 6.43 km, 3.87 and 3.04 km respectively). © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Geoinformatics for assessing the inferences of quantitative drainage morphometry of the Narmada Basin in India
(Springer Verlag, 2017) Praveen Kumar Rai; Pawan Kumar Chaubey; Kshitij Mohan; Praful Singh
Geoinformatics-based morphological studies play a significant role in planning, designing, and development of river engineering structures. Quantitative morphometric parameters affect catchment streamflow pattern through their influence on concentration time, and geomorphic characteristics of a drainage basins play a vital role in controlling the basin’s hydrology. In the present paper, an effort has been made to assess the inferences of various linear, areal, drainage, and relief aspects of quantitative morphometric characteristics of the Narmada basin and its down (13) and upper watersheds (17) using ASTER DEM data in GIS platform. Total basin area of the Narmada is about 98,796 km2, and it is identified that the study area is an eighth order drainage basin. A total 31,211 stream segments including the Narmada river are identified, and it is clear that the cumulative stream length is higher in first-order streams and decreases as the stream order increases. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) of the Narmada basin is varied from 2 to 9, and it designates that the drainage pattern of the basin has been affected by the structural disturbances. The lowest value of elongation ratio in the basin indicates high relief and steep slope, while highest value specifies relatively plain land with low relief and low slope than other down watersheds. Sinuosity index of Narmada basin is 1.58, which shows that the Narmada river is meandering in nature. © 2017, Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET).
Ground Water in the City of Varanasi, India: Present status and prospects
(2011) Kshitij Mohan; Ajai Srivastava; Praveen Kumar Rai
The city of Varanasi is short of water. The city obtains a total of 270 million litres water from the river Ganga and tubewells. Yet every fifth citizen lacks drinking water. The ground water is polluted due to nitrate and faecal coliform. A further problem is the plan to settle the growing population in a new township nearby under the integrated development plan of Greater Varanasi, a part of the Jawajarlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission. To fulfill the growing demand of fresh water, new water bearing horizon of the most affected part of the city i.e. southern part is to be identified. This paper reports a study of the variation in the grain size attributes of an aquifer material taken from different depths from the affected region in order to establish the generalized hydrological properties and recommend the depth of the well accordingly. From the grain size analysis and hydrological study it may be concluded that water bearing zones are mainly found in three horizons at the depths 44-56 m; 56-87 m; and 87-165 m. The third water bearing horizon (total thickness being 78 m) can act as a good potential ground water horizon for a new township. Due to its greater depth, the water would be relatively fresh being characterized by very low concentration of dissolved solids. Therefore, this horizon is strongly recommended for utilizing the water resource for the township.
Pattern and genesis of lineaments in and across Son-Narmada lineament zone in a part of central India around Renukoot, district Sonbhadra, U.P.
(2007) Kshitij Mohan; Vaibhava Srivastava; C.K. Singh
[No abstract available]
Precision mapping of boundaries of flood plain river basins using high-resolution satellite imagery: A case study of the Varuna river basin in Uttar Pradesh, India
(Springer, 2019) Mallikarjun Mishra; Vikas Dugesar; K.N. Prudhviraju; Shyam Babu Patel; Kshitij Mohan
Accurate demarcation of river basin boundaries is an important input for any programme connected with watershed management. In the present study, the boundary of the Varuna river basin is automatically derived using coarse- and medium-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of SRTM-30 m, ASTER-30 m, Cartosat-30 m, ALOS Palsar-12.5 m and Cartosat-10 m as well as manually through on-screen digitisation from a very high-resolution 1 m × 1 m remote sensing data available as Google Earth image. The study demonstrated the efficacy of on-screen digitisation from high-resolution Google Earth image supported by detailed field observations in the precision mapping of the place of origin of the Varuna River, its stream network and basin boundary when compared to the maps generated through automatic methods using DEMs of various resolutions. The Varuna river system takes its headwaters from the areas surrounding Umran and Dain ‘tals’ (shallow, large depressions/basins) but not from the west of Mau Aima town as has been previously reported. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences.
Studies of glass sands occurring around Shankargarh, district - Allahabad with reference to its economic viability
(2003) Ajai Srivastava; R.N. Tiwari; Diwakar Mishra; Kshitij Mohan
The present paper deals with the glass sands occurring around Shankargarh, district Allahabad. The sands in the area are predominantly whitish. However, other colours viz., pink, light yellow, yellow, brown, and red are also commonly found. More than 60 samples representing the vertical and lateral variations of the lithological units were collected from different parts of the area for grain size, mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The grain size analysis reveals that the majority of the grains are rounded, coarse to fine size grade, well sorted, finely skewed and platykurtic. Mineralogical study of the selected glass sand samples shows the presence of light minerals, i.e., quartz, mica, and chert and heavies-rutile, staurolite, tourmaline, and zircon. Opaques include magnetite and ilmenite. Geochemical analysis of these sands reveals a variation in SiO2 in between 97 per cent and 99.01 per cent, whereas Fe2O3 from 0.14 per cent to 1.41 per cent and Al2O3 0.12 to 1.89 per cent. The percentage of iron decreases with the increase of depth, thereby at the base white glass sand of purest variety is met with. Impurities in the form of iron oxide, glistening specks of mica, etc., have been observed in the glass sands. By treatment and beneficiation, iron, and aluminium contents of the glass sands of the area can be reduced for the purpose of making colourless glass. These sands can also be used for making the different types of glass, i.e., lime glass, lead glass, and silicate glass. The glass sands in the area have been found under thin cover of soil with a gentle ground slope. This has provided more time and opportunity for the rain water to percolate through and thereby facilitate the disintegration of the parent rock in the dry summer season.
Urban cadastral mapping using very high resolution remote sensing data
(2008) K.N. Prudhvi Raju; Sarvajeet Kumar; Kshitij Mohan; Manish Kumar Pandey
With growing urban expanses, one of the pre-requisites for effective governance is Urban Information Systems (UIS) with content down to individual properties (and individuals). The basic input i.e., a map, in UIS should show individual property boundaries showing the plan outline of all structures existing within, at a scale of 1:1000 and larger with sub-metre to centimeters planimetric and geometric accuracy. With very high resolution remote sensing data of the order of 1m available in hand, it is possible to prepare maps with high resolution spatial content. The present exercise demonstrates a method of preparing a geometrically and planimetrically accurate urban cadastral map on very large scale for a small area of about 5 sq km. IKONOS merged data with 1m resolution is used for the purpose. Mapping was done in conjunction with on-site measurements and sketches. Guides are used to maintain shape symmetry and accuracy of buildings and other features. Working out cost of mapping per unit area is another objective in the present exercise. For want of fully or semi-automatic methods of information extraction from very high resolution remote sensing data, it is imperative that mapping should be carried out in conjunction with some on-site measurements wherever necessary. © Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2008.