Browsing by Author "Kuldip Jayaswall"

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Characterization of Allium germplasms for conservation and sustainable management using SSR markers
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Kuldip Jayaswall; Abhishek Bhandawat; Himanshu Sharma; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Vijay Mahajan; Major Singh
Allium species are very important due to their medicinal values. Quercetin and allicin are medicinally important compound of onion and garlic, respectively which are proved useful to treat various diseases. However, highly heterozygous nature, self-incompatibility and long gestation period limits genetic improvement of Allium species. Further, the existing germplasms in Indian subcontinents are largely cultivated ones with poor genetic characterization, which limits the germplasm conservation and future management. A total of thirty polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were utilized for characterisation of popular onion germplasms and their cross-transferability revealed relatedness with fifteen garlic and wild relatives. Average number of alleles per SSR locus, PIC and heterozygosity was found to be 3.9, 0.51 and 0.57,respectively.Overall genetic diversity recorded was higher in wild relative compared to cultivated A. cepa, possibly because most of the A. cepa variety is derived by domestication but wild relatives are open pollinated and undergoes extensive gene pool shuffling leading to higher heterogeneity. In this study, SSR markers were successfully utilized to assess genetic variations in popular Indian A. cepa, A. sativum and establish genetic relationships with wild Allium species. These markers can be harnessed for molecular breeding, varietal identification and planning germplasm conservation strategies in future. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Chloroplast derived SSRs reveals genetic relationships in domesticated alliums and wild relatives
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Kuldip Jayaswall; Himanshu Sharma; Abhishek Bhandawat; R. Sagar; Deepanshu Jayaswal; Akash Kumar; Pratibha Chaturvedi; Vijay Mahajan; Sanjay Kumar; Major Singh
Alliums comprise of popular spices and used for various culinary purposes and nutraceuticals. Poor genetic characterization and scarce information regarding domestication, evolution of important alliums like onion, garlic and wild relatives are the major bottleneck to alliums improvement programs. In present study, chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers were developed from Allium paradoxum plastome to examine the genetic relationships among onion, garlic and wild germplasms. A total of 15 cpSSR markers were used to establish genetic relationships in 18 individuals of alliums, producing 40 alleles ranging from 1 to 6 alleles per SSR locus and polymorphism potential of 100%.Average PIC and heterozygosities was found to be 0.392 and 0.330, respectively. The developed cpSSR significantly assisted the phylogenetic study and evolutionary relationships among various Allium species. In future, these cpSSR markers will be useful for varietal identification, purity testing and genetic improvement of alliums. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Determination of proper gamma radiation dose for creating variation in indian garlic varieties
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Ashwini P Benke; Somnath Dukare; Kuldip Jayaswall; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Major Singh
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) an important neutraceutical crop. It is used as traditional medicine to aid digestion, respiration, parasitic infestation and to treat leprosy and various other diseases. But biologically garlic is sterile in nature hence for creating variation; traditional breeding methods are not applicable. Further clonal propagation method leads garlic more prone for various seed and soil borne diseases including virus infection. And natural genetic variation in morphological as well as biochemical traits is limited in garlic. Considering this is in view, among various methods of creating variation, treating bulbs with radiation is simple and easy technique. Main activity of mutation breeding using gamma radiation is to determine optimum dose (LD-50). Hence in present experiment, two garlic varieties were subjected to gamma radiation treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 gray). Aim of this experiment is to identify LD-50 dose and then generate variation in garlic like increase in bulb size, bulb shape, high neutraceutical compounds like allicin etc. In results, both treated varieties recorded 50 percent germination at dose 10 grays as LD-50. Further on basis of survival of plantlets and final matured plants count, optimum gamma radiation dose of 5 gray for Bhima Omkar and in between 5 to 10 gray for Bhima Purple is identified as LD-50 respectively. In case of Bhima Purple, there is further need to screen the population for exact dose value of LD-50. All other morphological traits in both varieties recorded decreasing trend with increase in radiation doses. However no significant alterations observed visually in any treatment. This optimized radiation dose will be helpful for subjecting other genotypes for getting mutants and generating diversity in garlic which may have high neutracutical compounds and would suitable for processing and export. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All right reserved.
Development of Allium cepa potential intron polymorphism markers for molecular breeding of Alliums
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Kuldip Jayaswall; R. Sagar; Deepanshu Jayaswal; Akash Kumar; Surendra Pratap Singh; Romit Seth; Himanshu Sharma; Deepesh Kumar; Vijay Mahajan; Sanjay Kumar; Major Singh
Allium cepa is a widely grown crop for its spice and culinary properties. For molecular breeding of Allium cepa, mining and utilization of various sequence-based markers have been widely reported. Unfortunately, none has reported its molecular breeding using potential intron polymorphism (PIP) markers. Due to advantage of intron positioning prediction and practical utility, the PIP markers used for screening the possible polymorphism and cross-transferability in the Alliums. Screening results showed that among 500 Allium cepa potential intron polymorphism (AcPIP) markers, 275 are cross-transferable and polymorphic. Among the 275 AcPIP, 111 polymorphic markers were physically mapped on to 1st to 8th chromosomes of the Allium cepa. Out of the 275 AcPIP containing functionally significant markers, 118 were mapped in onion with Arabidopsis proteome. A set of 10 Alliums were utilized to interpret the polymorphic possibilities of the 500 AcPIP markers. In totality, 55 % AcPIP markers were polymorphic and cross-transferable among the Alliums. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of AcPIP markers ranged from 0.03 to 0.47 and heterozygosity index (H) varied between 0.16 and 0.80. The constructed phylogenetic tree based on the AcPIP markers of 10 Alliums revealed different clusters due to differences in their taxonomic positions. Out of 275 AcPIP markers, 10 AcPIP markers genotyping based Jaccard dissimilarity-based NJ tree of 96 individuals of Allium cepa showed two distinct groups (high total soluble solid; HTSS and low total soluble solid; LTSS). NJ tree and dissimilarity matrix reveal that group I genotypes are distinct, and dissimilar from group II and III genotypes hence it seems that group II and III genotype evolve from group I genotypes. Further we identified nine diverse Allium cepa subsample among which, genotype number 74 has HTSS and could be used for identification and introgression of HTSS coding genes in elite cultivars. Further DNA fingerprint of Alliums with 20 AcPIP markers suggested geographical reach of the released onion varieties. Hence results suggest that 275 AcPIP markers may be useful for accelerating the breeding programme of the Alliums and other species. © 2023 SAAB
Development of chloroplast derived SSR markers for genus Allium and their characterization in the allies for genetic improvement of Alliums
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kuldip Jayaswall; Himanshu Sharma; Deepanshu Jayaswal; R. Sagar; Abhishek Bhandawat; Akash Kumar; Isha Sharma; Pratibha Chaturvedi; Dalasanuru Chandregowda Manjunathagowda; Deepesh Kumar; Vijay Mahajan; Sanjay Kumar; Major Singh
Alliums are the most popular for their culinary usage and nutraceutical benefits. Their production is greatly affected by the multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. Poor characterizations of genetic resources are the major bottleneck in the genetic improvement of Alliums. Chloroplast-derived simple sequence repeat has recently gained much popularity due to their maternal inheritance and low recombination along with their hypervariable nature. In this study, 22 of the 28 chloroplast-derived markers from chloroplast genomes of A. cepa and A. sativum were reported as polymorphic and cross-transferable. Tetra nucleotide repeats were more prevalent (52 %) in these 22 cpSSR markers as compared to other repeat motifs. Further polymorphic information content of these 22cpSSR markers ranged from 0.007 to 0.427. Based on the genotyping of 22cpSSR markers, 25 Alliums were clustered into two groups (groups I, IIA, and IIB). This showed that cultivated Allium cepa and Allium sativum belong to group II rather than the majority of wild Alliums, which belong to group I. Hence This proved the widespread use of these AccpSSR and AscpSSR markers. Additionally, it was clear from 79 Alliums morphological and genotyping-based clustering that these 79 wild Alliums exhibit strong clustering consistency in genotyping and phenotyping-based dendrograms, hence confirming these cpSSR's discrimination potential. Allium tuberosum Rottler ex. Spreng is quite distinct from Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasumas as well as Allium cepa var. aggregatum G.Don. Further Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum and Allium cepa var. aggregatum are closely related, according to genotyping-based dendrograms of 79 wild Alliums. Hence Allium fistulosum L, A. schoenoprasum, and Allium cepa provide a brilliant opportunity for introgression of the high total soluble content, high quercetin content, and allicin content of cultivated Allium into wild Allium as well as the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance of wild Alliums into cultivated Alliums. Subsequent clustering of 79 Alliums further allowed us to identify diverse Alliums for constructing a core collection. Hence present study will be useful for molecular breeding and genomic selection-based crop improvement. © 2023 SAAB
Development of intron length polymorphic (ILP) markers in onion (Allium cepa L.), and their cross-species transferability in garlic (A. sativum L.) and wild relatives
(Springer Netherlands, 2019) Kuldip Jayaswall; Himanshu Sharma; Abhishek Bhandawat; Ram Sagar; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Vikas Sharma; Vijay Mahajan; Joy Roy; Major Singh
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a popular spice and a plant of high medicinal value. Conventional breeding and genetic improvement efforts were largely limited due to self-incompatibility and heterozygosity. Recently, marker assisted breeding has significantly reduced time and labour in developing elite varieties. But very limited polymorphic and cross-transferable markers are available in onion. There is an urgent need to develop polymorphic markers in Allium to expedite and introgress desirable traits from wild relatives (which are rich bioresource of various biotic and abiotic resistance genes) to A. cepa. Considering limited availability of reliable molecular markers in Allium and wild relatives, in current study, 20,204 ESTs (3750 contigs and 8364 singletons), of A. cepa were successfully utilized for identification of over 2689 intron length polymorphic (ILP) markers. A set of 30 markers was tested for polymorphism in onion and cross-transferability in garlic and related wild species. Among these, eighteen markers amplified at least one of the accessions of A. cepa. Transferability of these ILP markers was ranged from 21.7 to 95.7% in Allium spp. Low level of polymorphism in A. cepa compared to wild Allium species is reported. Based on the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix, a neighbour-joining tree was constructed, which clustered all the 23 varieties/accessions under three groups. All the varieties of A. cepa were clearly clustered separately under group I. However, there was intermixing of varieties/accessions of A. sativum L. and wild relatives, which may possibly be due to less number of markers validated for cross-transferability. In future, larger set of markers will be used to resolve the genetic variations among wild varieties and A. sativum These 18 polymorphic ILP markers could be utilised for diversity characterization of Allium spp., varietal identification, mapping of genes and introgression of desirable traits from wild relatives. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Identification and characterization of chickpea genotypes for early flowering and higher seed germination through molecular markers
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Garima Yadav; Deepanshu Jayaswal; Kuldip Jayaswall; Abhishek Bhandawat; ArvindNath Singh; Jyotsana Tilgam; Abhishek Kumar Rai; Rachna Chaturvedi; Ashutosh Kumar; Sanjay Kumar; S.P. Jeevan Kumar
Background: Chickpea is the fourth most important legume crop contributing 15.42% to the total legume production and a rich source of proteins, minerals, and vitamins. Determination of genetic diversity of wild and elite cultivars coupled with early flowering and higher seed germination lines are quintessential for variety improvement. Methods and results: In the present study, we have analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, cross-species transferability, and allelic richness in 50 chickpea collections using 23 Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. The observed parameters such as allele number varied from 3 to 16, range of allele size varied from 150 to 1600 bp and polymorphic information content (PIC) range lies in between 0.15 and 0.49. Dendrogram was constructed with ISSR marker genotypic data and classified 50 chickpea germplasms into groups I and II, where the accession P 74 − 1 is in group I and the rest are in group II. Dendrogram, Principal component analysis (PCA), dissimilarity matrix, and Bayesian model-based genetic clustering of 50 chickpea germplasms revealed that P 74 − 1 and P 1883 are very diverse chickpea accessions. Conclusion: Based on genetic diversity analysis, 15 chickpea germplasm having been screened for early flowering and higher seed germination and found that the P 1857-1 and P 3971 have early flowering and higher seed germination percentage in comparison to P 1883 and other germplasm. These agronomic traits are essential for crop improvement and imply the potential of ISSR markers in crop improvement. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Identification and characterization of white onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes for high total soluble solid content through molecular markers
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Puthem Robindro Singh; Vijay Mahajan; Annu Verma; R. Sagar; Kuldip Jayaswall; Neeraj Shukla; Pranjali Gedam; Major Singh
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important bulbous vegetable used in global kitchen. Although it has various important traits but among them the high total soluble solid content (HTSS) of white onion is highly preferred by the industries for processing purpose. Looking into the broader use of the white onion; we utilized a total of 23 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and intron length polymorphic markers (ILPs) to characterize thirty five white onion genotypes for HTSS. Further, we also correlated these DNA fingerprint data with the TSS for identification of HTSS and LTSS lines. The total average numbers of alleles for SSR and ILP locus, heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content were found to be 2.4, 0.35 and 0.29 respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed two distinct clusters of genotypes. Based on the TSS and DNA genotype data, our study revealed that Bhima-shweta (LTSS-12.09%, sub-cluster IAa) & WHT-12L-HT-15-Reject-M-7(HTSS- 18.02%, cluster II) are more diverse than the others. Other white onion lines including WHTB-7G-GT-15-SC-M-7 small bulb (HTSS 18.80%), WHT-2B-GT-18-SC-M-7 (HTSS 18.51%), WHTS-4D-GT-18-MC-M-7 (HTSS 18.49%), WHTB-3C-GT-18-MC-M-7 (HTSS 18.27%) and WHTS-11K-Pickle-SC-M-7 (HTSS 17.68%) were identified as superior HTSS lines. These identified diverse HTSS and LTSS lines could be useful for the mapping of HTSS coding genes for the acceleration of molecular breeding of onion through the marker assisted selection (MAS) which could be used by the industries for the larger scale processing of the white onion products required by the global community. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
Immunomodulator and marker-assisted identification of Allium genotypes containing immunological memory against anthracnose
(Academic Press, 2025) Kuldip Jayaswall; Deepesh Kumar; Deepanshu Jayaswal; Ram Sagar; Sanjay Kumar; Ram Kumar Sharma; Kiran Pandurang Bhagat; Vijay M. Mahajan; Himanshu Sharma; Surendra Pratap Singh; Isha Sharma
Allium cepa (onion) suffers significant yield losses due to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Current control methods, such as biocontrol agents, have limited effectiveness, while agrochemical applications pose risks to human health and the environment. Genomics-assisted breeding can be useful in getting a diverse genetic pool of wild Allium species to improve disease resistance in cultivated varieties. In this study, we used 42 intron length polymorphic and 22 chloroplast-based SSR markers to identify wild Alliums for anthracnose resistance. Genetic analysis using the marker data showed that two wild types, 6AfistAKO-17 and 15Afistul, are very different from the cultivated types. Immunomodulator benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester evoked a long-lasting immune response in wild Alliums. Transcriptome profiling showed that 131 immune-related genes were more than twice as active in wild Alliums compared to cultivated ones. These included MAPKs (7 genes), WRKY transcription factors (10), R genes (19), MYB transcription factors (28), cytochrome P450s (46), transcriptional activators (14), and other immune-associated genes (7). The results from the anatomical analysis showed that wild Alliums have more callose in their vascular bundles, thicker wax on their leaf surfaces, and closed stomata, which were confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, indicating that wild Alliums have a stronger immune system than the cultivated Alliums. Our findings suggest that wild Alliums possess both immunity and immune memory-related genes. This study suggests that molecular markers could help transfer the immunity-related genes from wild Alliums to cultivated Alliums to protect them from anthracnose infestation. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd