Browsing by Author "Kumari Divyanshu"

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Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.)
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sunil Kumar; Vaishali Shukla; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Mohd Aamir; Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans. © 2023
Biopesticides: Current status and future prospects in India
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Atif Khan; Hareram Birla; Ankush Gupta; Surya Pratap Singh; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
For over a century, chemical control of pests is a common practice in agriculture. The average reduction in global crop loss due to use of pesticides is around ~39%. The postharvest losses and quality decline caused by storage pests are major problems in a subtropical country like India. So, the farmers have relied heavily on the use of chemical pesticides to improve their crop production, which is now paying a huge toll on the human health and environment. Though the chemical pesticides are very effective, what concerns over their use is their effect on soil and environment and presence of residue in food products. Another major issue is the development of resistance in the pests. Therefore, the use of biopesticides to control pests is now preferred over synthetic pesticides because of their pest control ability and diverse mode of actions which helps in avoiding resistance development in the pests. In a country like India with a huge diversity of plants, there is an urgent need for identifying new biopesticides which can serve the purpose of pest control. India needs to develop its own biocontrol agents (BCA) because it will be cost-effective and also environment-friendly. Major hurdle in the development and use of new biopesticides in India is the commercialization process. The farmers are reluctant to use the new products because of high cost and no practical knowledge. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Impact of climate change on soil carbon exchange, ecosystem dynamics, and plant-microbe interactions
(Elsevier, 2019) Mohd Aamir; Krishna Kumar Rai; Manish Kumar Dubey; Andleeb Zehra; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Kumari Divyanshu; Swarnmala Samal; R.S. Upadhyay
In the present scenario, global climate change is a serious concern with respect to global food production. Adverse environmental conditions including high temperature, drought, salinity, and precipitation resulting from the changing climate in different regions increase the risk of dramatic losses in agricultural production. The altered species distribution resulting from the changed climatic scenario has affected the functional interactions and integrations existing between species. The differential origin, evolution, and dispersal abilities of organisms determine their susceptibility and response mechanisms under the changed environment and functions on multiple levels. Soil microbiota (including rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms) play an indispensable role in the mitigation of climate change and induced abiotic stresses, and also promote plant growth and development through a plethora of mechanisms that work at multiple levels, including regulation of nutrient transformation, allowing for coexistence among neighboring and controlling plant populations. The functional aspects and ecological dynamics of natural ecosystems are highly dependent on plant functional traits and their interactions with organisms occupied at a multitrophic level. The changed climatic conditions influence the environmental variables and therefore alter the multifunctional responses or interaction mechanisms existing between the plants and microbes. Furthermore, the mutual interactions between plants and soil microbes have substantial consequences in regulating the community compositions and ecosystem functions. This chapter discusses the effect of climate change on ecosystem mechanics and dynamics, and how microorganisms play crucial roles in regulating the functional dynamics of ecosystem properties. In recent years, rapid industrialization and increased anthropogenic activities have resulted in rapid and continuous changes in climatic conditions, causing significant changes in agricultural productivity. In this context, there is an urgent need to understand, define, and interpret the plant-microbe interactions in terms of their efficient use and indigenous mechanisms against abiotic stresses without compromising the sustainability of the ecosystem. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Molecular Identification and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and their Effect on Seed Germination and Vigour Index of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2022) Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Vaishali Shukla; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of useful bacteria that colonize the plant roots and significantly enhances the plant growth promotion. Keeping this in mind, an investigation was performed for the screening of potent PGPR strains for enhancing seed germination and vigour index of Hordeum vulgare (commonly called barley). Rhizobacterial strains were isolated and screened for various plant growth promoting traits, their effect on seed germination and vigour index of barley plant through pot trial, and resistant ability under various temperature and pH range. Based upon 16S rRNA sequencing data, Pseudomonas punonensis LMT03 (R1), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida R4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM50071 (R2) and Alcaligenes faecalis (DBHU5) isolates were selected and showed positive result for IAA production, Phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, catalase activity, siderophore production and MR-VP test. Barley plants treated with P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicida both showed 94.44% of highest seed germination %, while P. aeruginosa and A. faecalis showed 83.11% and 77.33% respectively in comparison to the control plant shows which 49.99% seed germination only. These respective isolates also showed 2.57, 2.37, 2.0 and 1.69 fold of increase in vigour index as compare to the control plants. The above increase in fold in vigour index and seed germination is much higher as compared to earlier reports. Collectively, the data of current study underpin that addition of these PGPRs to barley rhizosphere appears a promising strategy to enhance root and shoot biomass of this important agriculture crop. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the effect of P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicda on barley crop. © The Author(s) 2022.
PGPR-mediated induction of systemic resistance and physiochemical alterations in plants against the pathogens: Current perspectives
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2020) Mukesh Meena; Prashant Swapnil; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Harish; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Andleeb Zehra; Avinash Marwal; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are diverse groups of plant-associated microorganisms, which can reduce the severity or incidence of disease during antagonism among bacteria and soil-borne pathogens, as well as by influencing a systemic resistance to elicit defense response in host plants. An amalgamation of various strains of PGPR has improved the efficacy by enhancing the systemic resistance opposed to various pathogens affecting the crop. Many PGPR used with seed treatment causes structural improvement of the cell wall and physiological/biochemical changes leading to the synthesis of proteins, peptides, and chemicals occupied in plant defense mechanisms. The major determinants of PGPR-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) are lipopolysaccharides, lipopeptides, siderophores, pyocyanin, antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphoroglucinol, the volatile 2,3-butanediol, N-alkylated benzylamine, and iron-regulated compounds. Many PGPR inoculants have been commercialized and these inoculants consequently aid in the improvement of crop growth yield and provide effective reinforcement to the crop from disease, whereas other inoculants are used as biofertilizers for native as well as crops growing at diverse extreme habitat and exhibit multifunctional plant growth-promoting attributes. A number of applications of PGPR formulation are needed to maintain the resistance levels in crop plants. Several microarray-based studies have been done to identify the genes, which are associated with PGPR-induced systemic resistance. Identification of these genes associated with ISR-mediating disease suppression and biochemical changes in the crop plant is one of the essential steps in understanding the disease resistance mechanisms in crops. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the PGPR-mediated innovative methods, focusing on the mode of action of compounds authorized that may be significant in the development contributing to enhance plant growth, disease resistance, and serve as an efficient bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture. The review also highlights current research progress in this field with a special emphasis on challenges, limitations, and their environmental and economic advantages. © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Plant growth promotion and differential expression of defense genes in chilli pepper against Colletotrichum truncatum induced by Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Mukesh Yadav; Kumari Divyanshu; Manish Kumar Dubey; Ashutosh Rai; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Vaishali Shukla; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Background: Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum were assessed in this study as a potential biological control against Colletotrichum truncatum. C. truncatum is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes anthracnose disease in chilli thereby affecting plant growth and fruit yield. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique showed the beneficial interaction between chilli root-Trichoderma spp. inducing the plant growth promotion, mechanical barrier, and defense network under C. truncatum challenged conditions. Methods: Seeds bio-primed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum promoted the plant growth parameters and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues. Seed primed with bioagents were used for exploring the molecular mechanism of defense response in pepper against anthracnose to assess the temporal expression of six defense genes in the Surajmukhi variety of Capsicum annuum. QRT-PCR demonstrated induction of defense responsive genes in chilli pepper bioprimed with Trichoderma spp. such as plant defensin 1.2 (CaPDF1.2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), pathogenesis related proteins PR-2 and PR-5. Results: The results showed that bioprimed seeds were assessed for T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum-chilli root colonization interaction under in vivo conditions. The results of the scanning electron microscope revealed that T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum interact with chilli roots directly via the development of plant-Trichoderma interaction system. Seeds bio-primed with bioagents promoted the plant growth parameters, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, leaf area index, number of leaves, stem diameter and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues and expression of six defense related genes in pepper against anthracnose. Conclusions: Application of T. asperellum and T. harzianum and in combination of treatments enhanced the plant growth. Further, as seeds bioprimed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and in combination with treatment of T. asperellum + T. harzianum induced the strengthening of the cell wall by lignification and expression of six defense related genes CaPDF1.2, SOD, APx, GPx, PR-2 and PR-5 in pepper against C. truncatum. Our study contributed for better disease management through biopriming with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum. The biopriming possess enormous potential to promote plant growth, modulate the physical barrier, and induced the defense related genes in chilli pepper against anthracnose. © 2023, The Author(s).
Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Mukesh Meena; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Prashant Swapnil; Andleeb Zehra; Vaishali Shukla; Mukesh Yadav; R.S. Upadhyay
L-Proline; Osmoprotectant; Environmental stresses; Cellular mechanisms; Signal transduction, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Cell Biology, Plant Biology. © 2019 The Authors; Background: In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, L-proline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement. Scope and conclusions: Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms. © 2019 The Authors