Browsing by Author "M. Dorababu"

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Antidepressant activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in experimental models of depression in rats
(Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena, 2002) K. Sairam; M. Dorababu; R.K. Goel; S.K. Bhattacharya
Bacopa monniera Wettst. (syn. Herpestis monniera L.; Scrophulariaceae) is a commonly used Ayurvedic drug for mental disorders. The standardized extract was reported earlier to have significant anti-oxidant effect, anxiolytic activity and improve memory retention in Alzheimer's disease. Presently, the standardized methanolic extract of Bacopa monniera (bacoside A - 38.0 ± 0.9) was investigated for potential antidepressant activity in rodent models of depression. The effect was compared with the standard antidepressant drug imipramine (15 mg/kg, ip). The extract when given in the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg, orally once daily for 5 days was found to have significant antidepressant activity in forced swim and learned helplessness models of depression and was comparable to that of imipramine.
Effect of aqueous extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves on offensive and diffensive gastric mucosal factors in rats
(2006) M. Dorababu; M.C. Joshi; G. Bhawani; M. Mohan Kumar; Aditi Chaturvedi; R.K. Goel
Standardized aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves (AIE) has been reported to show both ulcer protective and ulcer healing effects in normal as well as in diabetic rats. To study the mechanism of its ulcer protective/healing actions, effects of AIE (500 mg/kg) was studied on various parameters of offensive acid-pepsin secretion in 4 hr pylorus ligation, pentagastrin (PENTA, 5 μg/kg/hr)- stimulated acid secretion and gastric mucosal proton pump activity and defensive mucin secretion including life span of gastric mucosal cells in rats. AIE was found to inhibit acid-pepsin secretion in 4 hr pylorus ligated rats. Continuous infusion of PENTA significantly increased the acid secretion after 30 to 180 min or in the total 3 hr acid secretion in rat stomach perfusate while, AIE pretreatment significantly decreased them. AIE inhibited the rat gastric mucosal proton pump activity and the effect was comparable with that of omeprazole (OMZ). Further, AIE did not show any effect on mucin secretion though it enhanced life span of mucosal cells as evidenced by a decrease in cell shedding in the gastric juice. Thus, our present data suggest that the ulcer protective activity of AIE may be due to its anti-secretary and proton pump inhibitory activity rather than on defensive mucin secretion. Further, acute as well as sub acute toxicity studies have indicated no mortality with 2.5 g/kg dose of AIE in mice and no significant alterations in body or tissues weight, food and water intake, haematological profile and various liver and kidney function tests in rats when treated for 28 days with 1 g/kg dose of AIE.
Effect of Bacopa monniera and Azadirachta indica on gastric ulceration and healing in experimental NIDDM rats
(2004) M. Dorababu; T. Prabha; S. Priyambada; V.K. Agrawal; N.C. Aryya; R.K. Goel
Gastric ulcers were induced in normal/ NIDDM rats by various physical (2 hr cold restraint stress and 4 hr pylorus ligation) and chemical agents (ethanol, 1 ml/200 g, oral, 1 hr before; aspirin, 200 mg/kg, oral, 4 hr) and duodenal ulcers were induced by cysteamine (40 mg/200 g). Ulcer healing activity was studied in gastric ulcers induced by acetic acid (50%) and HCl (0. 6 M). The result indicated that in both, normal and NIDDM rats, B. monniera extract (BME, 20-100 mg/kg) did not show any significant effect on blood glucose level, while A. indica (AIE, 250-1000 mg/kg) significantly decreased it. However, both BME (50 mg/kg) and AIE (500 mg/kg) showed significant anti-ulcer and ulcer-healing activities in normal and NIDDM rats. Further, the present results also indicated that the ulcer protective effects of BME was more pronounced in non-diabetic, while that of AIE was more in NIDDM rats. The anti-ulcer and ulcer-healing activities of BME and AIE may be due to their effects on various mucosal offensive and defensive factors, and correction of blood sugar level by AIE may help to have more ulcer protective effect in NIDDM rats.
Effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata Linn seed on gastro-duodenal ulceration and mucosal offensive and defensive factors in rats
(2008) T. Prabha; M. Dorababu; Shalini Goel; P.K. Agarwal; A. Singh; V.K. Joshi; R.K. Goel
Pongamia pinnata has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions and dyspepsia. The present work includes initial phytochemical screening and study of ulcer protective and healing effects of methanolic extract of seeds of P. pinnata (PPSM) in rats. Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of flavonoids in PPSM. PPSM when administered orally (po) showed dose-dependent (12.5-50 mg/kg for 5 days) ulcer protective effects against gastric ulcer induced by 2 h cold restraint stress. Optimal effective dose of PPSM (25 mg/kg) showed antiulcerogenic activity against acute gastric ulcers (GU) induced by pylorus ligation and aspirin and duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine but not against ethanol-induced GU. It healed chronic gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid when given for 5 and 10 days. Further, its effects were studied on various parameters of gastric offensive acid-pepsin secretion, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) and defensive mucosal factors like mucin secretion and mucosal cell shedding, glycoproteins, proliferation and antioxidants; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. PPSM tended to decrease acid output and increased mucin secretion and mucosal glycoproteins, while it decreased gastric mucosal cell shedding without any effect on cell proliferation. PPSM significantly reversed the increase in gastric mucosal LPO, NO and SOD levels caused by CRS near to the normal level while it tended to increase CAT and GSH level decreased by CRS and ethanol respectively. Thus, the ulcer protective effects of PPSM may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and the actions may be due to its effects both on mucosal offensive and defensive factors.
Effect of plantain banana on gastric ulceration in NIDDM rats: Role of gastric mucosal glycoproteins, cell proliferation, antioxidants and free radicals
(2006) M. Mohan Kumar; M.C. Joshi; T. Prabha; M. Dorababu; R.K. Goel
Methanolic extract of Musa sapientum var. Paradisiaca (MSE, 100 mg/kg) was studied for its antiulcer and mucosal defensive factors in normal and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. NIDDM was induced by administering streptozotocin (STZ, 70 mg/kg, ip) to 5 days old rat pups. The animals showing blood glucose level >140mg/dL after 12 weeks of STZ administration were considered as NIDDM positive. Effects of MSE were compared with known ulcer protective drug, sucralfate (SFT, 500 mg/kg) and anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (GLC, 0.6 mg/kg) when administered orally, once daily for 6 days against gastric ulcers (GU) induced by cold-restraint stress (CRS) and ethanol and subsequent changes in gastric mucosal glycoproteins, cell proliferation, free radicals (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide) and anti-oxidants enzymes (super oxide dismutase and catalase) and glutathione (GSH) levels. MSE showed better ulcer protective effect in NIDDM rats compared with SFT and GLC in CRS-induced GU. NIDDM caused a significant decrease in gastric mucosal glycoprotein level without having any effect on cell proliferation. However, all the test drugs reversed the decrease in glycoprotein level in NIDDM rats, but cell proliferation was enhanced in case of MSE alone. Both CRS or NIDDM as such enhanced gastric mucosal LPO, NO and SOD, but decreased CAT levels while CRS plus NIDDM rats caused further increase in LPO and NO level without causing any further changes in SOD and CAT level. MSE pretreatment showed reversal in the levels of all the above parameters better than GLC. Ethanol caused a decrease in glutathione level which was further reduced in NIDDM-ethanol rats. MSE reversed the above changes significantly in both normal as well as in NIDDM rats, while GLC reversed it only in NIDDM rats. However, SFT was ineffective in reversing the changes induced by CRS or ethanol or when given in NIDDM-CRS or NIDDM-ethanol rats. The results indicated that the ulcer protective effect of MSE could be due to its predominant effect on mucosal glycoprotein, cell proliferation, free radicals and antioxidant systems.
Effect of standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. on gastric mucosal offensive and defensive factors
(2005) R.K. Goel; K. Sairam; M. Dorababu; T. Prabha; Ch.V. Rao
The standardized methanolic extract of leaves of O. sanctum (OSE; eugenol content 5%) given in doses of 50-200 mg/kg, orally, twice daily for five days showed dose-dependent ulcer protective effect against cold restraint stress induced gastric ulcers. Optimal effective dose (100 mg/kg) of OSE showed significant ulcer protection against ethanol and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, but was ineffective against aspirin-induced ulcers. OSE significantly healed ulcers induced by 50% acetic acid after 5 and 10 days treatment. OSE (100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the offensive acid-pepsin secretion and lipid peroxidation and increased the gastric defensive factors like mucin secretion, cellular mucus, and life span of mucosal cells and had antioxidant effect, but did not induce mucosal cell proliferation. The results indicate that the ulcer protective and healing effects of OSE may be due to its effects both on offensive and defensive mucosal factors.
Effects of Pterocarpus marsupium on NIDDM-induced rat gastric ulceration and mucosal offensive and defensive factors
(2004) M.C. Joshi; M. Dorababu; T. Prabha; M.M. Kumar; R.K. Goel
Objective: To evaluate the vulnerability of gastric mucosa to ulceration in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats vis-à-vis the protective effects of the methanol ic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood (PMS, an antidiabetic herbal plant). Material and Methods: NIDDM was produced in 5-day-old rat pups by administering streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p). The animals showing blood glucose level > 140 mg/dl after 12 weeks of STZ administration were considered as NIDDM positive rats. The effective hypoglycernic dose of PMS (750 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 6 days was studied for its gastric ulcer (GU) protective effects against cold restraint stress (CRS), aspirin (ASP), ethanol (EtOH) and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced GU both in normal (NR) and NIDDM rats. To ascertain the mechanism of action, the effects of NIDDM and that of PMS treatment in NIDDM rats on mucosal offensive acid-pepsin, free-radicals (LPO,NO) and defensive mucin secretion, cell shedding, cell proliferation, glycoproteins and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) were studied. Results: PMS (750 mg/kg) decreased the blood sugar level both in NR and NIDDM rats. NIDDM rats exhibited an increased propensity to GU, induced by CRS, ASP, EtOH and PL. Though-, PMS did not protect the NR rats against GU induced by the above methods it reversed their increased propensity in NIDDM rats. NIDDM PL-rats showed an increase in acid-pepsin secretion, cell shedding and decrease in mucin secretion and mucosal glycoproteins with little effect on cell proliferation. PMS treatment in NIDDM rats reversed the acid-pepsin secretion, enhanced mucin and mucosal glycoproteins and decreased cell shedding without any effect on cell proliferation. NIDDM-CRS rats showed a significant increase in LPO and NO and a decrease in SOD and CAT levels, which were-, reversed by PMS treatment. Conclusion: NIDDM increased the propensity to GU by affecting both offensive (increased) and defensive (decreased) mucosal factors. Though PMS, a hypoglycernic agent, did not show any protection against ulceration induced by CRS, ASP, EtOH and PL in normal rats, it protected the mucosa against the same in NIDDM rats by affecting the above mucosal offensive and defensive factors.
Oxidative stress and antioxidants status in peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma
(2004) R. Tandon; H.D. Khanna; M. Dorababu; R.K. Goel
Oxidative stress is believed to initiate and aggravate many diseases including peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma. We observed an increase in rat gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a decrease in catalase (CAT) levels in cold restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration while, in clinical peptic ulceration and gastric carcinoma patients, an increase in serum LPO and a tendency to decrease in SOD and CAT levels were observed. The result thus, indicated a positive correlation between free radical-induced oxidative stress both in gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric carcinoma.
Status of mucosal offensive and defensive factors in pylorus ligated-induced gastric ulceration in NIDDM rats vis-à-vis plantain banana
(Natural Remedies Private Limited, 2007) M.C. Joshi; M. Mohan Kumar; T. Prabha; M. Dorababu; R.K. Goel
Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the status of gastric mucosal defense in pylorus-ligated (PL)-induced gastric ulceration (GU) and secretion in normal and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats and to study the effect of methanolic extract of dried powder of unripe plantain banana pulp (Musa sapientum var. paradisiaca, MSE) shown to have both ulcer protective action and hypoglycemic principle in normal and NIDDM rats with concurrent gastroduodenal ulceration. Methods: NIDDM was induced in 5 days old rat pups by administering 70 mg/ kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally and blood glucose estimation was done after 12 weeks (blood glucose level >140 mg/dL and stable). Gastric ulcers were induced both in normal (NR) and NIDDM rats by 4 h PL. MSE was used in a dose of 100 mg/kg, orally (po), once daily (od) for 6 days. Standard ulcer protective drug sucralfate (SFT) and standard oral hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide (GLC) were used in a dose of 500mg/ kg and 0.6 mg/kg respectively, po, od for 6 days. Results: MSE but not SFT tended to decrease blood glucose level at the ulcer protective dose used, while GLC significantly reduced it both in normal as well as in NIDDM rats. There was an increased propensity to gastric ulceration in NIDDM-PL rats compared to the normal PL rats. NIDDM rats showed a tendency to increase in acid-pepsin secretion and decrease in mucin secretion and life span of mucosal cells. Both SFT and MSE showed significant antiulcer activity against PL-GU in NR and NIDDM rats, where as GLC showed a significant effect only against PL-GU in NIDDM rats. Both MSE (having little or no effect on offensive acid-pepsin secretion) and SFT (caused decrease in pepsin secretion) significantly increased the defensive factors like mucin secretion and life span of mucosal cells both in NR-PL and NIDDM-PL rats while, GLC reversed the above parameters only in NIDDM-PL rats near to the normal control level. Conclusion: The study thus indicated that diabetes do affect both the offensive and defensive gastric mucosal factors and correction of either blood sugar level or promotion of defensive mucosal factors do overcome the damage induced by diabetes vis a vis gastric ulceration. Plantain banana by virtue of its having both ulcer protective activity and hypoglycemic principle showed better effect than SFT or GLC alone in NIDDM rats.
Teratogenicity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. root, a herbal medicine
(2006) R.K. Goel; T. Prabha; M. Mohan Kumar; M. Dorababu; Prakash; G. Singh
Asparagus racemosus (AR) is a herb used as a rasayana in Ayurveda and is considered both general and female reproductive tonic. Methanolic extract of A. racemosus roots (ARM; 100 mg/kg/day for 60 days) showed teratological disorders in terms of increased resorption of fetuses, gross malformations e.g. swelling in legs and intrauterine growth retardation with a small placental size in Charles Foster rats. Pups born to mother exposed to ARM for full duration of gestation showed evidence of higher rate of resorption and therefore smaller litter size. The live pup showed significant decrease in body weight and length and delay of various developmental parameters when compared to respective control groups. AR therefore, should be used in pregnancy cautiously as its exposure during that period may cause damage to the offspring.