Browsing by Author "M. Satyanarayana Mahesh"

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Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut meal could be a promising alternative protein feedstuff for lambs
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Kashyap M. Rashmi; T. M. Prabhu; Nira Manik Soren; H. M. Yathish; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh
In today's livestock landscape, amid shortages and fluctuating feed commodity prices, quest for exploring under-utilised and possibly economical agro-industrial by-products remains key for sustainable farming. In this backdrop, notwithstanding the moderate energy and protein values of cashew nut meal (CNM)—a by-product of the cashew nut processing industry—there appears limited research exploration on it as a prospective feedstuff for lambs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to delineate the effect of inclusion of graded levels of CNM on intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, rumen fermentation, and economics in lambs fed Napier Pakchong-1 grass hay-based diet. For this, 24 Mandya ram lambs were divided into four similar experimental groups of six animals each in a completely randomised design based on a comparable body weight (7.9 ± 0.65 kg) and age (3–4 months). The treatments involved four isonitrogenous concentrate feed mixtures (CFM) with CNM included at 0 (T0), 100 (T1), 200 (T2), and 300 g/kg (T3), proportionally replacing soya bean meal and wheat bran. The results of the feeding trial spanning 120 days indicated that CNM had no effect on intake (except ether extract) and digestibility of nutrients, nutritive value of diets, and nutrient selection index among the four groups. The same trend was true for final body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion (feed-to-gain) ratio. Furthermore, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in rumen fermentation pattern, including rumen pH, various nitrogen fractions as well as total- and individual volatile fatty acids among the experimental groups. Similarly, blood biochemistry was also unaffected by the inclusion of CNM in the diet. Beneficially, the use of CNM reduced the overall feed cost for growth to the extent of 5.1 % in group T3 than T0, indicating a modest economic advantage. Overall, CNM presents a promising alternative to conventional protein sources like SBM when included up to 300 g/kg CFM, offering comparable nutrient values without causing any discernible negative influence on key performance metrics and health. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Correction to: Deciphering cleaner and sustainable frontiers in scientific cow waste valorization: a review (Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, (2024), 196, 10, (988), 10.1007/s10661-024-13120-0)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Jeetesh Kushwaha; Yashpal Singh; Sushil Kumar Yadav; Pratik N. Sheth; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh; Abhishek S. Dhoble
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the heading of Table 2. On page 8, the heading of Table 2 continuation should be corrected from "cow urine" to "cow dung". © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Correction to: Optimization of microwave parameters to enhance phytochemicals, antioxidants and metabolite profile of de-oiled rice bran (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (23959), 10.1038/s41598-024-74738-1)
(Nature Research, 2025) Alonkrita Chowdhury; Alla Yaswanth Naveen Kumar; Rajesh Rakesh Kumar; Vivek Kumar Maurya; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mayukh Ghosh
Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74738-1, published online 14 October 2024 The original version of this Article contained errors in the values of the phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. Consequently, in the Results and discussion section, under the subheading ‘Phytochemical analysis’, “The TPC values varied across the different treatment groups, ranging from 947.95 ± 11.72 to 1304.77 ± 9.50 µg GAE/g of DM. The control group had a TPC of 1164.32 ± 15.63 µg GAE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed an increase in phenolic content compared to the control group, with T-1 exhibiting the highest TPC at 1304.77 ± 9.50 µg GAE/g of DM, followed by T-2, T-7, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-6, and T-8 in decreasing order (Fig. 1a). In contrast, the T-9 group showed a significant decrease in phenolic content compared to the control. These results indicate that microwave parameters have a notable impact on the total phenolic content of the treated DORB samples, highlighting the importance of optimizing these parameters to enhance nutritive value. The treatment-specific influence on TPC aligns with the findings of Pokkanta et al.8 in rice bran. They reported that microwaving at 260 watts for 0.5 to 3 min and at 440 watts for 0.5 to 2.5 min resulted in a maximum increase in phenolic content, while a decrease occurred at 880 watts. This study corroborates those findings, as the highest TPC was observed with the 300 watts for 3 min treatment (T-1), while a significant reduction was seen in the 800 watts for 5 min treatment (T-9). The reduction in T-9 might be due to the degradation of phenolics caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The effectiveness of the 300 watts for 3 min microwave treatment in enhancing phenolic content could be attributed to factors such as the release of bound phenolics through the breakdown of cell walls and minimal thermal damage to bioactive compounds during the process45. The TFC varied among the different treatment groups, ranging from 482.73 ± 9.96 to 916.82 ± 16.29 µg QE/g of DM, with the control group having a TFC of 900.91 ± 11.5 µg QE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed a significant increase in flavonoid content compared to the control. The T-6 treatment group exhibited the highest TFC, followed by T-4, T-7, T-1, T-2, T-5, and T-3 (Fig. 1b). A significant decrease in flavonoid content was observed in the T-9 group, while the TFC of T-8 was comparable to the control. The decrease in T-9, which involved treatment at 800 watts for 5 min, is likely due to the degradation of flavonoids caused by prolonged exposure to high-intensity microwaves13,46. A similar wattage-time -dependent variation in TFC in microwaved rice bran was also reported by Pokkanta et al.8 The flavonol content ranged from 6.59 ± 0.77 to 43.35 ± 0.88 µg CE/g of DM among the treated samples, whereas the control group had a much lower flavonol content of 1.87 ± 0.22 µg CE/g of DM. All treated samples exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in flavonol content compared to the control, indicating that microwave treatment positively influenced flavonol levels in DORB. The highest flavonol content was observed in the T-7 group (800 watts for 1.5 min), which yielded a concentration of 43.35 ± 0.88 µg CE/g of DM, followed by T-6, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-2, T-1, T-8, and T-9 (Fig. 1c).” now reads: “The TPC values varied across the different treatment groups, ranging from 1743.69 ± 3.2 to 3879.31 ± 24.67 µg GAE/g of DM. The control group had a TPC of 2082.75 ± 5.58 µg GAE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed an increase in phenolic content compared to the control group, with T-1 exhibiting the highest TPC at 3879.31 ± 24.70 µg GAE/g of DM, followed by T-2, T-7, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-6, and T-8 in decreasing order (Fig. 1a). In contrast, the T-9 group showed a significant decrease in phenolic content compared to the control. These results indicate that microwave parameters have a notable impact on the total phenolic content of the treated DORB samples, highlighting the importance of optimizing these parameters to enhance nutritive value. The treatment-specific influence on TPC aligns with the findings of Pokkanta et al.8 in rice bran. They reported that microwaving at 260 watts for 0.5 to 3 min and at 440 watts for 0.5 to 2.5 min resulted in a maximum increase in phenolic content, while a decrease occurred at 880 watts. This study corroborates those findings, as the highest TPC was observed with the 300 watts for 3 min treatment (T-1), while a significant reduction was seen in the 800 watts for 5 min treatment (T-9). © The Author(s) 2025.
Haemato-Biochemical and Immune Responses to Dietary Sugarcane Press Mud in Calves
(Springer, 2025) C. D. Malapure; Dinesh Kumar; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh; B. S.Bharath Kumar; Subodh Kumar Saha
Eighteen Vrindavani male calves aged 5–6 months with a mean body weight of 33 ± 0.15 kg were divided into three treatments of six each as: T0 (control) fed with concentrate feed mixture (CFM) without inclusion of sugarcane press mud (SPM); T1 fed with CFM containing 10% SPM and T2 had 20% SPM substituting wheat bran on a physical (w/w) basis. All the three isonitrogenous CFM were prepared in mash form and offered to animals along with wheat straw in a proportion of 60:40 for 180 days. Blood samples were drawn to estimate biochemical and immune responses of experimental calves. Haematological indices like haemoglobin and packed cell volume did not vary (P > 0.05) among the three groups. Similarly, blood metabolites like glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin ratio, total cholesterol, urea and creatinine were not different due to dietary treatments. Furthermore, no effect was detected on serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, serum minerals like calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron remained unchanged across three groups. Also, the data on immune competence revealed that the effect of treatment was non-significant (P > 0.05) for both humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses among three groups of calves. Based on these findings, it is concluded that dietary utilisation of SPM up to 20% of CFM equivalent to 12% of the total diet of calves has no adverse effects on blood biochemistry and immunity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024.
Metabolomic Profiling of Cow Urine of Various Breeds Reveals Bioactive Metabolites of Diverse Industrial Applications
(Springer, 2025) Jeetesh Kushwaha; Yashpal Singh; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh; Sushil Kumar Yadav; Pratik N. Sheth; Abhishek S. Dhoble
Cow urine is widely utilized for medicinal and agricultural purposes in rural areas of India, with urine from indigenous cow breeds (Bos indicus) believed to offer unique benefits compared to that of exotic (Bos taurus) breeds. This research aimed to profile the metabolites present in the urine of indigenous breeds of cows using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and to explore the potential applications of the identified compounds by referencing the established literature. The various cow breeds included in the study were Gir, Sahiwal, Gangatiri, Hariana, Kankrej, Rathi, Gaolao, and Jersey. Cows employed in the study to collect the samples from various locations differed in their body weight, age, and stage of lactation. GC–MS analysis revealed a range of compounds, including ethanone, cresol, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phenol, eicosane, pentanol, isobutyl ester, ethyl ester, binapacryl, trifluoroacetate, xylene, amylene hydrate, dibutyl ester, and formamide. Notably, several compounds were consistently observed across multiple indigenous breeds. For instance, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and xylene were found in nearly all indigenous breeds, while ethanone was detected in Gir, Sahiwal, Gangatiri, Kankrej, Hariana, Gaolao as well as Jersey cows. Similarly, eicosane and pentanol were present in Gangatiri and Hariana breeds. These overlapping chemical signatures highlight potential metabolic similarities among the studied cow breeds. The identified compounds are known for their diverse industrial and pharmaceutical applications, including use in disinfectants, flavorings, cosmetics, and agrochemicals as well as metabolic engineering. Thus, this study—for the first time—comprehensively delineated the comparative metabolite profile of cow urine among different breeds of cows. The spectrum of urinary metabolites identified could offer opportunities to foster bio-based innovations having multifarious applications, including new product developments, across diversified fields. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Nutritional Approaches to Augment Production and Profitability in Livestock Enterprises
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Preeti Kumari; Shraboni Shee; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh
Livestock enterprises are integral to global agriculture, providing essential products and livelihoods. However, challenges such as nutritional deficiencies, rising feed costs, and environmental concerns hinder their productivity and profitability. This chapter explores practical nutritional approaches to enhance livestock production and profitability, focusing on strategies such as precision feeding, supplementation, and use of unconventional feed resources. It highlights the role of nutraceuticals, probiotics, and feed additives in improving animal health and feed efficiency. Furthermore, the economic and environmental implications of sustainable practices, including integrating crop-livestock systems, are discussed. By synthesizing evidence from recent research, this chapter offers actionable insights for farmers, policymakers, and researchers, aiming to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and field-level application. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.