Browsing by Author "M. Sharma"

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Bancroftian filariasis in the Varanasi region of north India: An epidemiological study
(1999) S. Sharma; M. Sharma; S. Rathaur
The age- and sex-specific distributions of human infections with Wuchereria bancrofti were investigated at two sites in the Varanasi region of north India: one a rural, agricultural area (Chiraigaon) and the other an urban-slum area (Sunderpur). A random clinical and parasitological survey revealed that the prevalence of microfilaraemia and elephantiasis in the urban area (14% and 7.3%, respectively) were both higher than in the rural area (9% and 3.1%, respectively). In both areas, prevalence of microfilaraemia generally increased with age, to a maximum in those aged 20-29 years, and then declined. Within most age-groups, the prevalences of microfilaraemia and elephantiasis were higher in males than females. However, the prevalence of microfilaraemia in females from Chiraigaon who were aged > 30 years was higher than in their male counterparts. Though individual microfilarial intensities varied greatly, the geometric mean microfilarial intensity was higher in Sunderpur than in Chiraigaon (214 v. 196 microfilariae/ml). All 83 subjects with elephantiasis, except one in Sunderpur, were amicrofilaraemic. The present results indicate that bancroftian filariasis is one of the major public-health problems in the study area.
Effects of crop residue burning on aerosol properties, plume characteristics, and long-range transport over northern India
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) D.G. Kaskaoutis; S. Kumar; D. Sharma; R.P. Singh; S.K. Kharol; M. Sharma; A.K. Singh; S. Singh; Atinderpal Singh; D. Singh
Aerosol emissions from biomass burning are of specific interest over the globe due to their strong radiative impacts and climate implications. The present study examines the impact of paddy crop residue burning over northern India during the postmonsoon (October-November) season of 2012 on modification of aerosol properties, as well as the long-range transport of smoke plumes, altitude characteristics, and affected areas via the synergy of ground-based measurements and satellite observations. During this period, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images show a thick smoke/hazy aerosol layer below 2-2.5 km in the atmosphere covering nearly the whole Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The air mass trajectories originating from the biomass-burning source region over Punjab at 500m reveal a potential aerosol transport pathway along the Ganges valley from west to east, resulting in a strong aerosol optical depth (AOD) gradient. Sometimes, depending upon the wind direction and meteorological conditions, the plumes also influence central India, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal, thus contributing to Asian pollution outflow. The increased number of fire counts (Terra and Aqua MODIS data) is associated with severe aerosol-laden atmospheres (AOD500 nm>1.0) over six IGP locations, high values of Ångström exponent (>1.2), high particulate mass 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations (>100-150 µgm-3), and enhanced Ozone Monitoring Instrument Aerosol Index gradient (~2.5) and NO2 concentrations (~6 × 1015mol/cm2), indicating the dominance of smoke aerosols from agricultural crop residue burning. The aerosol size distribution is shifted toward the fine-mode fraction, also exhibiting an increase in the radius of fine aerosols due to coagulation processes in a highly turbid environment. The spectral variation of the single-scattering albedo reveals enhanced dominance of moderately absorbing aerosols, while the aerosol properties, modification, and mixing atmospheric processes differentiate along the IGP sites depending on the distance from the aerosol source, urban influence, and local characteristics. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Hepatoprotective and toxicological evaluation of hepatomed. An ayurvedic drug
(1995) M. Sharma; P. Tripathi; V.P. Singh; Y.B. Tripathi
Hepatoprotective effect of Hepatomed (an ayurvedic drug containing water extract of 6 medicinal plants) has been studied on cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) induced lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione content in rat liver homogenate. In vitro experiments show significant reduction in the level of nmalondialdehyde (MDA) induced by 1.5 mM cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). Glutathione content was almost maintained to normal in drug treated rats. Oral treatment of drug up to 3 ml/100 g body weight for 15 days did not show any rise in serum GOT and GPT. On similar doses, significant choleratic effect was observed without any adverse histological changes after 4 days treatment. The results suggest that 'Hepatomed' is a strong hepatoprotective ayurvedic medicine with no detectable adverse effects.
Histological discriminants in primary tumour masses in carcinoma of the breast
(1980) S. Khanna; M. Sharma; G.C. Pant; N.N. Khanna
122 cases of invasive breast carcinoma are studied retrospectively for histological tumour type, tumour differentiation, tumour necrosis, evidence of tumour embolisation, and lymphoreticular infiltration around the advancing tumour border, and the findings are correlated with the clinical stages of the disease. There seems to be a definite relationship between the clinical stages of the disease and various histological parameters studied. These cases are being followed up in the Department of Surgery and Radiation Medicine, and further observation will be reported at a later date when we have had a sufficient duration for our follow up.
Node inoculation: A quick and easy technique to screen pigeonpea for resistance to Phytophthora blight
(Springer Tokyo, 2017) R. Chand; Chandra Kant Singh; V. Singh; J. Singh; M. Sharma
The petiole on pigeonpea was removed for easy, precise inoculation of node with Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani. After node inoculation, 96.0% plants were infected compared with 89.0% after stem-cut inoculation. Among various nodes inoculated on 30-day-old plants, the 5th node had the greatest relative susceptibility (90.0%), followed by the 3rd node (78.0%). This technique was validated on different cultivars (ICP 7119, Bahar, MA 6 and MAL 13), and 586 lines were successfully screened in the field, confirming the rapidity and effectiveness of the technique for resistance screening. © 2017, The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK.
Polarization measurement and Y-ray spectroscopy of Cs122
(American Physical Society, 2005) Rajesh Kumar; A. Kumar; S.K. Chamoli; Kuljeet Singh; M. Sharma; D. Mehta; N. Singh; S.S. Ghugre; N.S. Pattabiraman; L. Chaturvedi; P.K. Joshi; H.C. Jain; Z. Naik; C.R. Praharaj; I.M. Govil
High-spin states in Cs122 have been studied via Ag107(F19, p3n)Cs122 fusion evaporation reaction at beam energy of 93 MeV. Fifteen new transitions belonging to Cs122 have been observed and placed in the level scheme. The level structure of Cs122 has been extended up to Exâ‰7 MeV and Jâ‰28â. We have performed the linear polarization measurements using the Clover detectors to assign the unknown spins and parities of a few bands. We have also observed a few linking transitions between negative and positive parity bands indicating the octupole collectivity in this nucleus. The structure of the various bands are discussed in the frame work of the cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model and the microscopic projected Hartree-Fock model calculations. © 2005 The American Physical Society.
Protective effect of Rubia cordifolia on lipid peroxide formation in isolated rat liver homogenate
(1994) S. Pandey; M. Sharma; P. Chaturvedi; Y.B. Tripathi
Rubia cordifolia Linn. (Rubiaceae) is an important component of the ayurvedic system of medicine. It has a variety of uses such as blood purifier, immunomodulant, antiinflammatoty and anti-PAF. In this report the anti-peroxidative property of the solvent free alcoholic extract of R. cordifolia has been studied in rat liver homogenate. It prevents the cumene hydroperoxide induced malondialdehyde formation in the dose and time dependent manner. This effect is accompanied by the maintained reduced glutathione level even in the presence of above toxin.
The interaction of Rubia cordifolia with iron redox status: A mechanistic aspect in free radical reactions
(Urban und Fischer Verlag Jena, 1999) Y.B. Tripathi; M. Sharma
The present publication investigates the antioxidant property and mechanistic aspect of alcoholic extract of R. cordifolia. The extract of R. cordifolia has shown significant inhibitory effect on FeSO4 induced lipid peroxidation. Study with iron redox status showed that R. cordifolia extract reduced or oxidixed; Fe3+ or Fe2+ respectively, in a dose dependent manner. Results with superoxide anion (O-•2) and hydroxyl radical (OH•), showed no radical scavenging activity. The alcoholic extract significantly maintains the reduced glutathione content both in time and dose dependent manner. It also reduced the rate of depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) level in presence of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). On the basis of these observations, it can be concluded that the antioxidant property of R. cordifolia is due to a direct interaction with iron.