Browsing by Author "M.K. Gautam"

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Azadirachta indica attenuates colonic mucosal damage in experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
(2013) M.K. Gautam; Shalini Goel; R.R. Ghatule; A. Singh; V.K. Joshi; R.K. Goel
Azadirachta indica leaves indicated the presence of active principles with proven antioxidants, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, free radical scavenging and healing properties. In the present study we evaluated the healing effects of 50% ethanol extract of dried leaves of Azadirachta indica on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Azadirachta indica extract (500 mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for 14 days and studied for its effects on diarrhoea, food and water intake, body weight changes, colonic damage and inflammation, histology, antibacterial activity and free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and myeloperoxidase activities in colonic tissue. Intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid increased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation, diarrhea, but decreased body weight which were reversed by Azadirachta indica extract and sulfasalazine (positive control) treatments. Azadirachta indica extract showed antibacterial activity. Azadirachta indica extract and sulfasalazine enhanced the antioxidants but decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase activities affected in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. Azadirachta indica extract, thus seemed to be effective in healing trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats.
Curative effect of Terminalia chebula extract on acetic acid-induced experimental colitis: Role of antioxidants, free radicals and acute inflammatory marker
(2013) M.K. Gautam; Shalini Goel; R.R. Ghatule; A. Singh; G. Nath; R.K. Goel
The present study has evaluated the healing effects of extract of dried fruit pulp of Terminalia chebula (TCE) on acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats. TCE (600 mg/kg) showed healing effects against AA-induced colonic damage score and weight when administered orally daily for 14 days. TCE was further studied for its effects on various physical (mucus/blood in stool and stool frequency, food and water intake and body weight changes), histology, antibacterial activity and free radicals (NO and LPO), antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GSH) and myeloperoxidase in colonic tissue. Intra-colonic AA administration increased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation, mucus/bloody diarrhoea, stool frequency, but decreased body weight which were reversed by TCE and sulfasalazine (SS, positive control) treatments. TCE showed antibacterial activity and both TCE and SS enhanced the antioxidants, but decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase activities affected in acetic acid-induced colitis. TCE indicated the presence of active principles with proven antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and free radical scavenging and healing properties. Thus, TCE seemed to be safe and effective in healing experimental colitis. © 2012 Springer Basel AG.
Effect of Azadirachta indica leaves extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats: Role of antioxidants, free radicals and myeloperoxidase
(2012) R.R. Ghatule; Goel Shalini; M.K. Gautam; A Singh; V.K. Joshi; R.K. Goel
Objective: To evaluate the healing effects of extract of dried leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Neem tree is known as 'arishtha' in Sanskrit, meaning 'reliever of sicknesses'. Methods: 50% ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was administered orally, once daily for 14 days in rats after the induction of colitis with acetic acid and 500 mg/kg dose of extract was found to have an optimal effect against acetic acid-induced colonic damage score, weight and adhesions (Macroscopic). Effect of Azadirachta indica extract was then further studied on various physical (mucous/blood in stool, food and water intake and body weight changes), colonic mucosal damage and inflammation (microscopic), antibacterial and biochemical parameters viz. i) antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and ii) free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation) and myeloperoxidase (acute inflammatory marker) activities in acetic acid-induced colitis. Results: Azadirachta indica extract decreased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation (macroscopic and microscopic), mucous/bloody diarrhea, fecal frequency and increased body weight. Azadirachta indica extract showed intestinal antibacterial activity and enhanced the antioxidants but decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase activities. Acute toxicity study indicated no mortality or other ANS or CNS related adverse effects even with 5.0 g/kg dose (10 times of effective dose) indicating its safety. Conclusions: Azadirachta indica seemed to be safe and effective in colitis by its predominant effect on promoting antioxidant status and decreasing intestinal bacterial load, free radicals and myeloperoxidase responsible for tissue damage and delayed healing. © 2012 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press.
Effect of embelin on lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in albino rats
(2012) Ashish K Sahu; M.K. Gautam; Pradeep T Deshmukh; Lokendra S Kushwah; Narendra Silawat; Zafar Akbar; M.S. Muthu
Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective and anti-polyuric role of embelin on lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) in albino rats. Methods: NDI induced by lithium chloride (4 meq/kg/day, i.p. for 6 days) which leads to huge amount of urine excretion. After induction of NDI, embelin (50 and 100mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for 21 day in rats and N-acetyl cysteine (10mg/kg, twice daily, i.p.) was used as a standard drug for treatment of NDI. The body weight, urine protein, urine creatinine, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were assessed at 0, 7, 14 and 21 day. At the end of the study glutathione (GSH) content in kidney was assessed and histopathology of kidney was performed. Results: Embelin 50 and 100 mg/kg showed increase in the body weight and decrease in plasma and urine creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, and urine protein level. Embelin acts as a potent antioxidant; it increases the level of glutathione in kidney. Histopathological examination of the kidney indicated that embelin 50 and 100 mg/kg were reduced the vascular degeneration of tubules as well as slight degeneration and dilatation of renal tubules, however N-actyl cysteine (NAC) treated rats showed normal glomeruli and renal tubule with slight degeneration. Conclusions: Embelin seemed to be effective in NDI by its predominant effect on promoting antioxidant status and decrease the urine excretion may be due to the blocking of sodium channels. © 2012 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press.
Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of Bacopa monniera on different wound model in rats
(2013) S. Murthy; M.K. Gautam; Shalini Goel; V. Purohit; H. Sharma; R.K. Goel
Wound healing effects of 50% ethanol extract of dried whole plant of Bacopa monniera (BME) was studied on wound models in rats. BME (25 mg/kg) was administered orally, once daily for 10 days (incision and dead space wound models) or for 21 days or more (excision wound model) in rats. BME was studied for its in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo wound breaking strength, WBS (incision model), rate of contraction, period of epithelization, histology of skin (excision model), granulation tissue free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation), antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione), acute inflammatory marker (myeloperoxidase), connective tissue markers (hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and hexuronic acid), and deep connective tissue histology (dead space wound). BME showed antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens, enhanced WBS, rate of contraction, skin collagen tissue formation, and early epithelization period with low scar area indicating enhanced healing. Healing effect was further substantiated by decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase and enhanced antioxidants and connective tissue markers with histological evidence of more collagen formation in skin and deeper connective tissues. BME decreased myeloperoxidase and free radical generated tissue damage, promoting antioxidant status, faster collagen deposition, other connective tissue constituent formation, and antibacterial activity. © 2013 S. Murthy et al.
Healing effects of Aegle marmelos (L.) correa fruit extract on experimental colitis
(2013) M.K. Gautam; R.R. Ghatule; A. Singh; V. Purohit; M. Gangwar; Mohan Kumar; R.K. Goel
Graded doses of 50% ethanolic extract of dried fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos (AME) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) daily for 14 days in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats showed 200 mg/kg of AME as an optimal effective dose against AAinduced colonic damage score and weight. This dose (200 mg/kg; po) was further studied in AA-induced colitis for its effects on various physical (mucous/blood in stool, food and water intake and body weight changes), histology, antibacterial activity and biochemical parameters like free radicals (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione) and myeloperoxidase (acute-inflammatory marker) activities in rat colonic tissue. AME decreased colonic mucosal damage and inflammation (macroscopic and microscopic), mucous/bloody diarrhea, fecal frequency and increased body weight affected in AA-induced colitis. AME showed significant antibacterial activity and enhanced the antioxidants but decreased free radicals and myeloperoxidase activities thereby decreasing tissue damage and inflammation and thus, affording ulcer healing. The above effects of A. marmelos authenticated its use in indigenous system of Medicine.
In vivo healing potential of aegle marmelos in excision, incision, and dead space wound models
(ScientificWorld Ltd., 2014) M.K. Gautam; V. Purohit; M. Agarwal; A. Singh; R.K. Goel
The study incorporates the wound healing potential of Aegle marmelos fruit pulp extract (AME) on excision, incision, and dead space wound models in rats. AME (200 mg/kg) was administered orally once daily for variable days depending on the type of wound ulcer study. AME was studied for its wound breaking strength (incision wound), rate of contraction, period of epithelization and histology of skin (excision model), and granulation tissue free radicals, antioxidants, acute inflammatory marker, and connective tissue markers and deep connective tissue histology (dead space wound). Complete wound contraction and epithelization were observed at the 20th day after treatment with AME as compared to the 24th day in control rats. Mean epithelization period and scar area were decreased while wound breaking strength was increased with AME compared with control. Granulation tissue showed increased levels of collagen determinants (33.7 to 64.4%, P < 0.001) and antioxidants (13.0 to 38.8%, P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), whereas markers of oxidative stress (55.0 to 55.6%, P < 0.001) and myeloperoxidase (21.3%, P < 0.001) were decreased in AME treated group. A. marmelos seems to promote wound healing by enhancing connective tissue formation and antioxidants status with decrease in free radicals and myeloperoxidase having tissue damaging effects. © 2014 M. K. Gautam et al.
Pharmacognostic evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial activity of Uraria Picta Desv. root
(2012) Shivani Ghildiyal; M.K. Gautam; Mayank Gangwar; G. Nath; R.K. Goel; V.K. Joshi
To explore a detailed pharmacognostic study of the root of Uraria picta Desv. (Family-Papilionaceae), a plant species which is commonly used in preparation of indigenous medicine. The macroscopy, microscopy, quantitative analysis, extractive values in ethno and qualitative phytochemical screening were investigated. Antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion and microdilution method. Root occurs in pieces of varying size, thickness of 1 to 2 cm, gradually tapering, tough, woody and cylindrical. Transverse section of root shows 5 or 6 layers of thin-walled, tabular, regularly arranged cork cells; cork cambium single layered; secondary cortex composed of 4 to 6 layers of oval, tangentially arranged, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells, a few fibers present singly or in groups; secondary phloem composed of sieve elements and parenchyma. Secondary xylem composed of vessels, tracheids, fibers, crystal fibers and parenchyma traversed by xylem rays; vessel very few, mostly confined to inner and outer part of xylem; fibers similar to those of phloem fibers and arranged in close set. The extracts revels the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, tritepenoids, proteins, saponins, steroid and tannins. Ethanolic extract of plant posses significant antimicrobial property. The pharmacognostic profile of Uraria picta Desv. root is helpful in sample identification and purity standards.
Qualitative phytochemical and physiochemical analysis of Cassia fistula L. Fruit
(Indian journals, 2014) K. Agrawal; Apurva Joshi; Shivani Ghildiyal; M.K. Gautam; Mayank Gangwar; R.K. Goel; V.K. Joshi
The fruit pulp of Cassia fistula Linn. is known to have purgative properties. A specific process, i.e., keeping well ripe fruits buried within sand for seven days and then drying in sun prior to its medicinal use, has been mentioned in Charaka Samhita. To explore the effect of above classical processing, a comparative physiochemical and phytochemical evaluation of classically processed (PD) and non-processed (NPD) fruit pulp of Cassia fistula has been done together with HPTLC. Results of the study showed presence of alkaloid, glycosides, steroids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, tannins, proteins, amino acids and carbohydrats in both types of samples. The extractive values of PD and NPD were 18.25 % w/v and 15.65% w/v, respectively. The difference in physiochemical analysis of PD and NPD was also recorded and the HPTLC of PD sample showed an extra peak around Rf 0.76 in comparison to NPD. These results signify appreciable changes in classically processed sample of Cassia fistula fruit pulp and provide scientific evidence for the classical processing. © 2014, IndianJournals.com. All rights reserved.
Studies on laxative effect of extract of dried fruit pulp of cassia fistula
(Natural Remedies Private Limited, 2012) K. Agrawal; Shivani Ghildiyal; M.K. Gautam; V.K. Joshi; R.K. Goel
Cassia fistula (CF) is known as Aragvadha (disease killer) in Ayurvedic classics and its sun-dried (SD) fruit pulp has been advocated for the treatment of constipation, fever, leprosy, diabetes, intestinal disorders and wounds. Present study includes the evaluation of SD and non-sun dried (NSD) fruit pulp of CF for purgative action in rat and acute toxicity in mouse. Aqueous suspension of SD and NSD were administered orally 60 min before experiment in rats and SD just before toxicity study in mice. Both SD and NSD in the dose of 1.0 g/kg showed an increase in the number of defecations and fecal output during 4 hour after treatment but stool was semisolid with SD and semisolid and watery with NSD. Both SD and NSD treated rats showed increase in the intestinal intraluminal fluid (ILF) accumulation and motility but the accumulation of ILF was less marked in SD group compared to NSD group. The stimulatory effect of SD on ILF accumulation and intestinal motility could be due to its predominant action on NO formation as only L-NAME a NOS inhibitor blocked both ILF accumulation and intestinal motility per se and in SD-treated rats while atropine (anti-cholinergic), loperamide (μ and k receptor inhibitor) and indomethacin (PGs synthesis blocker) partially blocked them. 10 g/kg oral dose (10 times of optimal effective dose) of SD did not show any acute toxic effect in mice. The result confirms the indigenous use of sun-dried fruit pulp of C. fistula in constipation.
Studies on the hypoglycemic effects of Murraya paniculata Linn. extract on alloxan-induced oxidative stress in diabetic and non-diabetic models
(Elsevier B.V., 2012) M.K. Gautam; Anamika Gupta; M Vijaykumar; C.V. Rao; R.K. Goel
Objective: To evaluate the effect of extract of Murraya paniculata Linn. (Family - Rutaceae) on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and lipid level and antioxidant status in alloxan induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Methods: Hydro-alcoholic extract of M. paniculata leaves (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days and its effect on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid level were estimated in serum. Liver free radical (lipid peroxidation, LPO) and antioxidant (Super oxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and reduced glutathione peroxidase, GPx) were also measured after 14 days treatment with extract. Glucose level in non-diabetic rats was estimated after 21 days treatment with M. paniculata extract. Results: Oral administrations of M. paniculata extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride and lipid level. Liver free radical (LPO) significantly reduced and antioxidants (SOD, CAT and GPx) status significantly increase after 14 days treatment of extract in diabetic rats. M. paniculata 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decrease glucose level in non-diabetic rats after 21 day and caused hypoglycemia in normal rats. Conclusions: M. paniculata leaves extract posses hypoglycemic effect in oxidative stress condition and also in non-diabetic condition. Hypoglycemic action may be by potentiating of the insulin effect by increasing either the pancreatic secretion of insulin from beta cells of islets of langerhans or its release from the bound form. M. paniculata could be a potential source of hypoglycemic agent with antioxidant properties. © 2012 Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press.
Toxicological evaluation of Murraya paniculata (L.) leaves extract on rodents
(Science Publications, 2012) M.K. Gautam; A. Singh; C.V. Rao; R.K. Goel
Problem statement: Present study was aimed to explore the acute and sub-acute toxicities studies with orally administered 50% ethanolic leaves extract of Murraya paniculata. Approach: Acute toxicity (oral single dose, 50-2000 mg kg-1) includes any mortality and CNS and ANS toxicities in mice while, sub-acute toxicity (100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1, orally and once daily for 28 days) includes any change in body weight, food and water intake and other biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, heart and lung) in rats. Results: Acute oral administration of M. paniculata extract (2000 mg kg-1, single dose) did not show any mortality and CNS and ANS toxicities. Similarly sub-acute oral administration (100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 for 28 days) in rats did not show any change in body weight, food consumption, water intake and biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters compared to control untreated group. Conclusion: The conclusions of the present study indicate Murraya paniculata to be safe in its oral effective dose. © 2012 Science Publications.
Toxicological study of Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves: Hematological, biochemical, and histopathological studies
(2014) M.K. Gautam; R.K. Goel
The present study was aimed to study the acute and subacute toxicity studies with orally administered 50% ethanolic leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn (OSE). In acute toxicity tests, four groups of mice (n = 6 /group/sex) were orally treated with doses of 200, 600, and 2000 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, rats received OSE by gavage at the doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day (n = 6 /group/sex) for 28 days, and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and testis/ovary) were determined. OSE did not produce any hazardous symptoms or death and CNS and ANS toxicities in the acute toxicity test. Subacute treatment with OSE did not show any change in body weight, food and water consumption, and hematological and biochemical profiles. In addition, no change was observed both in macroscopic and microscopic aspects of vital organs in rats. Our result showed that Ocimum sanctum extract could be safe for human use. © 2014 M. K. Gautam and R. K. Goel.