Browsing by Author "M.R. Vineeth"

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Genomic Selection for Fertility in Bovines
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Jayakumar Sivalingam; M.R. Vineeth; Anshuman Kumar; Kamaraj Elango; Indrajit Ganguly
The fertility of dairy bovines affects the genetic improvement and economical sustainability of dairy herds. In the past, genetic evaluation of bovine traits was exclusively based on the information from phenotype and pedigree. Traditional selection schemes selected predominantly for milk yield often at the expense of other traits, including fertility. With the advent of genome wide DNA markers, low-cost genotyping technology, and development of suitable statistical methods, genomic selection came into picture. The most profound changes due to genomic selection in dairy cattle have been demonstrated for fertility traits. The use of genomic selection has almost doubled the rate of genetic gain in dairy cattle in several countries. These changes are achieved mainly due to the acquired capability to predict an animal’s performance at an earlier age along with improved accuracy, which in turn results in the reduction of the generation interval and increase in selection intensity. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Wastewater and Natural Water Sources from the Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Kaushik Satyaprakash; Pavan Kumar Pesingi; Annada Das; M.R. Vineeth; Satya Veer Singh Malik; Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe; Deepak Bhiwa Rawool
The present study assessed the presence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in livestock farm wastewater (LFWW), hospital wastewater (HWW), and natural water sources (NWS) from five districts (Prayagraj, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Sonbhadra, and Jaunpur) of eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, India (n = 134). Phenotypic ESBL production among cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates (91.29%, 283/310) was significantly different (p < 0.05) in the samples from Jaunpur and Sonbhadra, but not from Prayagraj, Mirzapur and Varanasi (p > 0.05). The MIC of cefotaxime and ceftazidime against these isolates were in the ranges of 64–512 µg/mL and 16–512 µg/mL, respectively. Genotypically, 38.51% (109/283) of the isolates harbored at least one or more plasmid-mediated ESBL-genes, of which, bla CTX-M-gr-1 was the predominant (90.82%, 99/109), followed by bla TEM (73.39%, 80/109). A non-significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the occurrence of ESBL genes among the phenotypically positive isolates of different sampling places. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) traits were observed in 105 (96.33%) of 109 tested isolates with a MAR index ranging from 0.31 to 1.0. Absolute resistance (100%) was evident against azithromycin for all isolates recovered from Varanasi, Prayagraj, and Sonbhadra irrespective of their sources. The majority of the isolates belonged to commensal phylogroup A (40.37%, 44/109) and B1 (27.44%, 31/109), while only two isolates recovered from HWW sources of Varanasi belonged to the extra-intestinal pathogenic phylogroup B2. These findings suggested that the wastewater and natural water sources of eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, India, harbored a high magnitude of MDR-ESBL E. coli with the potential to be transmitted to humans and animals. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Udder and teat morphometry in relation to clinical mastitis in dairy cows
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Rebeka Sinha; Beena Sinha; Ragini Kumari; M.R. Vineeth; Kush Shrivastava; Archana Verma; I.D. Gupta
The present study was undertaken to explore the association of occurrence of clinical mastitis with udder and teat morphometry in cattle. The relationship of nine udder and eight teat morphometric traits with the occurrence of clinical mastitis was analysed using a binomial logistic regression model. A significant association of the udder and teat morphometric traits with the occurrence of mastitis was observed both in Karan Fries and Sahiwal cattle. The rear udder height, rear udder width, udder width and fore udder attachment were found to be the important udder morphometric traits associated with the occurrence of mastitis. In both groups, mastitic animals had broader rear udder width, lower rear udder height and loose fore udder attachment with lengthy and thicker teats. The inclusion of udder and teat morphometric traits in the selection and breeding program of Karan Fries and Sahiwal cattle may help in selection of animals for mastitis resistance. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.