Browsing by Author "Mahendra Singh"

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Bioremediation of soil: an overview
(Elsevier, 2022) Mehjabeen; Anoop Kumar Devedee; Monalisa Sahoo; Kartikeya Choudhary; Mahendra Singh; Ghanshyam
Soil pollution is a major and growing concern all over the globe and a serious threat to the environment as well as to living organisms. Different pollutants, viz. heavy metals, radionuclides, organic pollutants, plastics, agrochemicals like pesticides, herbicides, etc. are known to pollute the soil and reduce the already limited arable land important for food production. In search of economical and eco-friendly remediation techniques many methodologies have been devised, such as rhizoremediation and phytoremediation, and by using them polluted lands can be put back in cultivation or other types of production systems without harming the environment any further. Bioremediation is one such technique in which microorganisms are employed for the purpose directly or indirectly. Bioremediation means the use of biological agents to detoxify and degrade environmental contaminants. Using microorganisms for remediation reduces time and labor by a variety of mechanisms. They help in bioremediation via various mechanisms such as biosorption, EPS production, metalloproteins, metal resistant genes, SOD, POD, Catalase production, volatilization, and siderophore production. Some of the microbial strains used for bioremediation are Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Enterobacter, and others. Microbial inoculation decreases the MDA (malondialdehyde) and H2O2 content by 20% and 33%, respectively. They also increase the antioxidant enzymes such as SOD (superoxide dismutase enzyme) and catalase by 30% and 7%, respectively. They can also biotransform the oxidation states of toxic metals to nontoxic ones. They even enhance the hyperaccumulator capacity to aid phytoremediation. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Isolation and characterization of a novel nitrogen fixer Beijerinckia fluminensis strain BAUMS11 from litchi (Litchi chinensis L.) rhizosphere
(Applied and Natural Science Foundation, 2024) Mahendra Singh; Santosh Kumar; Dhirendra Kumar Singh; Tushar Ranjan; Alok Kumar Pandey
Indiscriminate use of mineral fertilizers has a broad negative impact on soil health. Because of the above, there is an urgent need to search for natural organic alternatives, including using soil microbial resources to replenish soil nutrients for enhanced Agri productivity vis a vis sustainably maintaining soil health. The nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria (NFR) are such type of bacteria which fix gaseous atmospheric nitrogen in the soil and in nodules of certain plant species in considerable amounts that are readily available for plants' uptake and may be considered as a viable alternative source of mineral nitrogen application. The present study was conducted to isolate the most potent nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the litchi rhizosphere. Hence, Five NFR (NFR1 to NFR5) were isolated from the rhizosphere of litchi orchard of Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhgalpur, India, based on their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in a nitrogen-free mineral salt medium. NFR2 was found to be the most potent in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (11.31 mg N per gram carbon source)among all the isolated rhizobacterial strains. Hence, on the basis of biological nitrogen fixation ability, the isolate NFR2 was subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing for molecular characterization. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, NFR2 showed the closest sequence homology with Beijerinckia fluminensis and was identified and reported as Beijerinckia fluminensis strain BAUMS11, Accession number MN533953. The study noticeably indicated that the B. fluminensis strain BAUMS11 was found most efficient in fixing gaseous atmospheric nitrogen and may be used for the manufacturing of nitrogenous biofertilizer, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen to the tune-up to 30 kg N ha-1yr-1. © Author (s).
Ocular cysticercosis at a teaching hospital in Northern India
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Rajendra Maurya; C.P. Mishra; Meghna Roy; Virendra Singh; Mahendra Singh; Mahima Yadav; Abdullah Al-Mujaini
BACKGROUND: Ocular cysticercosis (OC) is common in tropical countries. This study aimed to analyze the clinical presentation patterns, management and treatment outcomes of OC cases seen at a teaching hospital in North India. METHODS: This study took place between March 2014 and February 2019. A total of 36 patients with OC were analyzed to determine clinical presentation and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients, 13 (36.11%) were male and 23 (63.89%) were female. The most frequently affected age group was 10-29 years (n = 22; 61.11%). All of the patients had unilateral lesions, with involvement of the left eye in 22 (61.11%) and the right in 14 (38.89%). The majority of cases were isolated to the ocular region; however, five (13.89%) demonstrated neural involvement as well. In terms of cyst location, 15 (41.67%) were orbital, 13 (36.11%) were subconjunctival and four each (11.11%) were intraocular or on the eyelid. The most common clinical presentations were subconjunctival masses or proptosis in 13 each (36.11%) and periorbital swelling in 12 (33.33%). Most patients received medical treatment (n - 23; 63.89%), while the others required surgical excision. Recurrence was noted in seven patients (19.44%), of which three underwent surgery while the rest were treated medically. Two patients (5.56%) developed phthisis. Conclusions: In this study, OC cysts were more often orbital or subconjunctival compared to findings reported from Western countries. In addition, a female preponderance was noted in contrast to previously reported findings. Advanced radioimaging is crucial to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Petrographic considerations in demineralization of coal with bacteria: A new dimension in understanding the clean coal technology
(Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd, 2014) Prakash Singh; Asha Singh; Aniruddha Kumar; Mahendra Singh
The present study reveals that there is close relation between the petrographic composition of coal and removal of major, minor and trace elements/metals with bacteria. While increase in total huminite concentration has favoured the removal of Cr, Ni, Pb and Mg, there is good removal of Cd and Cu with increase in liptinite content. Inertinite is found to be favourable for the removal of Cd, Fe and K. It is therefore important to take into consideration the petrographic composition of coal when trying for the beneficiation of coal with bacteria. This will be helpful in designing suitable strategy for the removal of environmentally sensitive elements/metals with the help of bacteria and to obtain clean fuel from coal.
Petrological investigations of oligocene coals from foreland basin of northeast India
(Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd, 2013) Alok Singh; Mahendra Singh; Prakash Singh
The results of the petrological investigations carried out on coal samples from the Oligocene deposits of Northeastern India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland) have been discussed. These deposits occur in the Tikak Parbat Formation (Barail Group) and were probably deposited in the foreland basin. Petrographically, these coals are enriched in vitrinite macerals (65.8-96.6 vol %, mean 87.2 vol %) with variable concentrations of liptinite macerals (2.7-35.4 vol %, mean 11.9 vol %). They contain low concentration of inertinite (nil-3.3 vol %, mean 0.9 vol %) macerals. The microlithotype is dominated by vitrite (61.5-100 vol %, mean 90.8 vol %). An elevated volatile matter (44.15 - 60.20 wt %, mean 52.90 wt %, d.a.f. basis) and reflectance values (VRr 0.39-0.61%) put their rank as sub-bituminous type 'C' to high volatile bituminous type 'C'. The GI and TPI values favour telmatic conditions of origin with high tree density and prolonged wet conditions. This is in agreement with the paleoenvironment interpreted from the vitrinite and liptinite-rich microlithotypes, which suggested a forest and reed facies. However, the presence of inertinite in some coal seams indicates tectonic upheavals / regression of the sea resulting to periodic and short span dryness of the basin.
Rhizobia: A potent tool for amelioration of drought stress in legumes
(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Pratibha Singh; Rakesh Sammauria; Mahendra Singh; Satish Kumar Singh; Hanuman Singh Jatav; Mehjabeen; Malu Ram Yadav; Anoop Kumar Dwivedi
Rhizobia in association with legumes form an effective symbiosis and fix atmospheric nitrogen for uptake by plants. Nitrogen fixation in leguminous crops contributes significantly in maintaining fertility of soil. For the growth of rhizobia and legume-rhizobial association, drought stress is one of the limiting factors, among different stress factors in the environment. Under the arid/semi-arid conditions, establishment of an effective rhizobium-legume interaction is very sensitive. Drought conditions affect root development, nodulation, chlorophyll content, changes in cell volume and concentration of solutes and other properties which are important for biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, interactions of rhizobia and legumes to drought are very sensitive in maximizing the benefits of nitrogen fixation. Various studies have been conducted on different aspects to overcome the shortcomings of drought stress on biological nitrogen fixation. These strategies include screening of germplasms, genetic multiplication of drought-tolerant genotypes, tissue culture, biological approach and biotechnological interventions. Rhizobia play vital role in the production of plant's metabolites, molecular responses, adjustment of hormones and dissolution and utilization of nutrients, to evade moisture stress conditions. Present chapter elaborates the detailed studies on the impact of drought stress on rhizobia and legumes grown in different moisture levels. Different strategies and techniques to overcome the shortcomings of drought stress on biological nitrogen fixation are also presented and discussed in logical manner. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.
Role of biofertilizers in conservation agriculture
(Springer Singapore, 2016) Mahendra Singh; M.L. Dotaniya; Amit Mishra; C.K. Dotaniya; K.L. Regar; Manju Lata
In the present time, chemical fertilizers are more in practice for crop production which affected the soil and environment quality. The higher amount of chemical inputs in agricultural production system affected the sustainability of the agricultural crop production systems, increased cost of cultivation, and caused partial factor productivity decline, and maintaining the global food security and environmental quality became a daunting challenge. Indiscriminate and imbalanced use of fertilizers, mostly urea, and the poor application of organic matter to cropland have led to considerable reduction in soil health. Nowadays our agriculture has shifted to old-age practice like conservation agriculture. It is using old tool and techniques with incorporation of modern science and scientific principles. In general, biofertilizer is organic in nature containing an effective particular microorganism in a concentrated form which originated either from the plant root nodule or from the soil of the rhizosphere. Biofertilizers have emerged as potential environment-friendly inputs that are benefited for agricultural crop production system. They hold vast prospective in fulfilling the plant nutrient requirements, which are reducing the chemical fertilizer application and minimizing environmental pollution. The bioinoculants are used as a seed treatment or soil treatment, improving plant nutrient availability and finally crop growth and yield. These contain living cells of diverse types of microorganisms and have the potential to solubilize and mobilize plant nutrient elements from insoluble form through biological process and also fix atmospheric nitrogen. The adequate use of biofertilizers helps in maintaining soil quality and thus provides a low-cost approach to manage crop yield along with protecting the environment. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016.
Role of soil enzymes in sustainable crop production
(Elsevier, 2018) M.L. Dotaniya; K. Aparna; C.K. Dotaniya; Mahendra Singh; K.L. Regar
Sustainable crop production is the current focus of agricultural research across the globe. The increasing population with a higher pace creates food shortages and reduces the per capita availability of food grains, demanding food security. The soil enzymes are the mediators of organic matter decomposition and soil nutrient transformations. Their patterns of activity in relation to environmental factors and management practices help to design sustainable management practices. Enzymes are the indicator of soil biological quality, responding to soil management changes much before other soil quality indicator changes are detectable. In the dynamic climate change era, the influence of climate change on soil productivity can be assessed by monitoring soil enzyme activities as well as changes occurring in soil properties. Thus, knowledge of soil enzymes is essential to design and evaluate new sustainable crop management practices. The soil enzymes can also be exploited for many applications beyond agriculture. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Systematic literature review on application of business analytics and information technology in supply chain performances
(Inderscience Publishers, 2021) Mahendra Singh; Rajkiran Prabhakar
Supply chain management (SCM) functions are having applications of business analytics (BA). Supply chain managers' uses BA as competitive tool. Application of BA in key SCM functions, with information technology (IT) innovations has been a topic of tremendous interest to both practitioners and researchers. We identified more than 200 articles (over two decade) and classified them by year of publication, functional discipline, publication source, research methodology and application for the purpose of comprehensive literature review. Study identifies relationship between analytical tools and IT in supply chain decision making and supply chain performances. It explores research trends and patterns across disciplines and suggestions of potential areas for future research in BA, IT and supply chain decision making and performances. © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.