Browsing by Author "Mahipal Choubey"

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Evaluation of tropical top feed species for their nutritional properties, in vitro rumen digestibility, gas production potential and polyphenolic profile
(Range Management Society of India, 2022) Abhishek B. Parmar; Vipul R. Patel; Mahipal Choubey; Dhruv N. Desai; Nishant M. Patel; Anusmita Baishya
The present study was planned to screen nutritional properties of eight different species of top feeds viz., Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Bambusa vulgaris, Ficus benghalensis, Leucaena leucocephala, Pithecellobium dulce, Senegalia catechu and Terminalia arjuna used in southern Gujarat, India. Top feeds were assessed for their chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, gas production potential and polyphenolic fraction using rumen liquor of Surti buffalo. To check resemblance, two conventional fodders Sorghum vulgare and Medicago sativa were also assessed. Crude protein (CP) content was in the range of 10.28 (Acacia nilotica) to 21.71% (Pithecellobium dulce). The NDF content varied from 35.57% (Acacia nilotica) to 64.47% (Bambusa vulgaris). Acacia nilotica had the highest total phenolic (12.60%) content, whereas Azadirachta indica had higher condensed tannin (CT) content (8.60%). In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of top feeds ranged from 75.41 to 86.71% and 50.09 to 72.67%, respectively. The in vitro gas production (IVGP) was high (P>0.05) in Azadirachta indica (44.00 ml). Results revealed that all proximate components, fiber fractions, mineral content, total phenols and their fractions in top feeds were found comparable to or better than conventional fodders. Major parameters of in vitro digestibility were also resemblance and more comparable to conventional fodders. However, Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, and Pithecellobium dulce were found best suitable amongst top feeds by considering their chemical composition, phenolic contents and in vitro rumen evaluation. © 2022, Range Management Society of India. All rights reserved.
Exploring comparative nutritional dynamics of conventional and hybrid varieties of Moringa oleifera in goat rumen inoculum
(Range Management Society of India, 2025) Vasundhara Dhote; Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary; Mahipal Choubey; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Ajeet Singh; Ajit Kumar; Dharmesh Tewari
The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative nutritional value of Desi and PKM-1 varieties of Moringa oleifera foliage using in-vitro gas production (IVGP) technique in goat feeding. Five groups were established, with substrates comprising a mix of wheat straw and concentrate (60:40 ratio) without moringa foliage serving as the control (CON). The other groups were designated as P-10 and P-20 incorporating PKM-1 moringa foliage at 10% and 20%, respectively; and D-10 and D-20 incorporating Desi moringa foliage at 10% and 20%, respectively. The study revealed that PKM-1 variety exhibited significantly higher (P<0.01) organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) content, while total ash (TA) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to Desi moringa foliage. The polyphenolic content remained comparable (P>0.05) between both varieties. Additionally, PKM-1 showed significantly higher (P<0.05) levels of phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) minerals compared to Desi moringa foliage. Furthermore, total gas volume (ml/200 mg) produced after 24 hours of incubation was significantly (P<0.01) higher in P-20 group compared to CON, D-10, D-20, and P-10 groups. Substrate degradation, measured as truly degradable organic matter in the rumen (TDOMR in mg/200mg; %), was higher (P<0.01) in P-20 group, followed by D-20 and P-10 groups, while it was lowest in D-10 and CON groups. Microbial biomass production (MBP in mg/200 mg), efficiency of microbial biomass production (% TDOMR), and partitioning factor (PF in mg TDOMR/ml gas volume) were also higher (P<0.01) in P-20 group, followed by D-20, P-10, and D-10 groups, with the lowest values observed in CON group. Hence, the incorporation of PKM-1 Moringa oleifera foliage at 20% of total dry matter significantly enhanced substrate degradation, truly degradable organic matter in the rumen, and the efficiency of microbial biomass production in goat’s rumen inoculum, as compared to Desi variety. © Range Management Society of India.
Lead: Exposure Risk, Bio Assimilation and Amelioration Strategies in Livestock Animals
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) A.K. Singh; M.S. Mahesh; Lamella Ojha; Mahipal Choubey; Punita Kumari; S.K. Chaudhary
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a serious issue affecting animals of all kinds, including wildlife, livestock, and companion animals. Lead poisoning has been linked to animals that have been let out to pasture and unintentional lead ingestion from consuming contaminated feed, soil and oil, licking grease off of equipment, chewing on plumbing or batteries, or drinking water contaminated by leaching materials. Compared to monogastric animals, ruminant is better able to withstand the harmful effects of lead and the risk of susceptibility is higher in young animals and human. The primary mechanisms of lead-related toxicity involve the production of oxidative stress by free radicals, which directly unbalances the body's prooxidants and antioxidants system. The main targets of lead toxicity in animals are vital biomolecules like protein, lipid, and nucleic acids (DNA), the liver, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the kidneys, and the reproductive organs. Chelation therapy was considered one of the most effective approaches for alleviating lead toxicity. Many new approaches have been investigated and few of them viz essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements found to be effective in protecting against Pb toxicity. Plant bioactive compounds possess and offer wider and safe alternatives for alleviation of lead toxicity. Overall, there are many strategies available for mitigating lead toxicity in animals, and each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages. Further, research is needed to determine the most effective strategies for different types of animals and lead exposure scenarios. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Phenotypic characterization of distinct indigenous goats from Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2024) Priya Ranjan Kumar; Mahipal Choubey; Anshuman Kumar
The present study was aimed to study the morphologic, morphometric, production and reproductive traits of the unexplored native goats from Vindhyan region of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The data of 308 male and 590 female goats were collected from 45 villages and 449 farmers. The goats are managed under an extensive zero input production system by the poor and marginal farmers for their livelihood security since the time immemorial. These are small sized, black or brown coloured, and primarily raised for meat production. Head is straight to slightly convex, ears are flat, leafy and pendulous, and tail is bunchy and curved upward. Muzzle, eyelids and hooves are predominantly black and the horns are flat, curved and spiral with upward-backward-outward orientation. The average adult body weight was 31.34±0.38 kg in males and 28.78±0.12 kg in females. The means (cm) for body length, height at withers and chest girth were 66.41±0.34, 72.65±0.42 and 77.77±0.58, respectively, in adult males and 65.08±0.14, 69.22±0.24 and 74.35±0.16, respectively, in adult females. These goats are seasonal breeder with major breeding season from May to July and bred through natural service. Age at first estrus was ~9 months and age at first kidding was ~15 months. Twinning was common from second parity onwards. Milk production was found to be very low. The morphological appearance and morphometric measurement indicate that these indigenous goats are phenotypically distinct from the other goats of the adjoining area and can be registered as unique breed for better genetic management. © 2024 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.
Phytochemicals as Natural Feed Additives for Ruminants
(Springer Singapore, 2024) Abhishek K. Singh; Mahipal Choubey; Sandeep K. Chaudhary; Lamella Ojha; Punita Kumari
Given the increased concerns over antibiotic resistance and consumer demands for safer and more sustainable animal production, there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives. Phytochemicals derived from plant sources— including tannins, saponins and essential oils, among others—have shown potential as natural feed additives for ruminants. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds having astringent property, modulate rumen fermentation by inhibiting the activity of certain microorganisms such as methanogens and protozoa, leading to reduced methane emissions and improved feed efficiency. Saponins are glycosides exhibiting diverse biological activities like improved rumen fermentation and associated microbial protein synthesis, enhanced nutrient digestibility, decreased protozoa and methanogenesis. While essential oils are volatile compounds extracted from plants, possessing antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. When used as feed additives for ruminants, essential oils have been reported to improve rumen fermentation, moderate rumen microbial populations and enhance nutrient utilization, besides some showing promising effects on methane reduction in ruminants. Overall, the use of phytochemicals as natural feed additives holds promise in improving ruminant nutrition, health and productivity. This chapter comprehensively overviews the application of phyto chemicals as natural feed additives for ruminants and discusses how phytogenic compounds impact zoo-technical performance variables in ruminants. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.