Browsing by Author "Manas Kumar Bag"

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Corrigendum to “ExploringUstilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of false smut of rice disease: A comprehensive study of infection dynamics, effectors, and genetic structure” [Microb. Pathogenes. 208 (2025) 107987]
(Academic Press, 2025) Prahlad Masurkar; Jhumishree Meher; Sukram Thapa; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Manas Kumar Bag; Vedant Gautam; Shivam Maurya
The authors regret that the affiliation of author Vedant Gautam was incorrectly mentioned as b Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India.The correct affiliation is a Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Exploring Ustilaginoidea virens, the causal agent of false smut of rice disease: A comprehensive study of infection dynamics, effectors, and genetic structure
(Academic Press, 2025) Prahlad Masurkar; Jhumishree Meher; Sukram Thapa; Rajendra K. Singh; Manas Kumar Bag; Vedant Gautam; Shivam Maurya
Villosiclava virens (Anamorph: Ustilaginoidea virens) is an important and enigmatic pathogen that causes rice false smut. Some similarities between Claviceps and Ustilaginoidea genera have been found, but according to recent genomic sequence comparison research, they have different sequences. U. virens secretes mycotoxins, which make the infected grains unfavorable for human consumption. The transcriptomic analysis and genome sequencing of U. virens showed 52,554,142 clean reads assembled into 36,496 transcripts, representing 18,534 unigenes. U. virens also contains the UvNLP protein as an NLP-specific NPP1 domain that belongs to a MAMPs class protein that acts as an elicitor for defence responses in resistant plants. Unique proteins, UvCGBP1, UvPRO1, and UvBI-1, are associated with the virulence, growth, and sporulation of U. virens. Several host QTLs-qFsr1, qFsr2, qFsr4, qFsr8, qFsr10, qFsr11 and qFsr12 have been validated in diverse background (IR28, Tequing NILs, MR183-2), and are crucial for resistance breeding. The genetic diversity of U. virens was measured using molecular markers, including RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, and, more recently, SNPs. The genetic diversity of U. virens isolates was higher among the isolates than in the geographical population. This review integrates advances in molecular biology, genomics, and host-pathogen interactions to inform sustainable management strategies. Further research is needed in early detection, chlamydospore germination, targeted fungicides, and resistant hybrid rice development. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of rice false smut pathogen in North India using molecular markers
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Prahlad Masurkar; Manas Kumar Bag; Anuprita Ray; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Mathew S. Baite; Prakash Chandra Rath
False smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is one of the emerging diseases of rice in the world. The fungi show a high degree of morphological and cultural variability and produce diverse symptoms. India is a vast country with 44-million-ha rice production area and has only one report on genetic diversity and population analysis of U. virens from the eastern and north-eastern region. Ten polymorphic RAPD and 21 SSR markers were used to analyse the genetic diversity and population structure of 81 isolates of U. virens from northern India, the second largest rice-growing region. In this study, higher Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) and Quality Nature of Data (QND) data in simple-sequence repeats (SSR) markers over random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) revealed its higher efficacy; thus, SSR markers are highly informative and can help to dissect the genetic structures of U. virens. All markers yielded a total of 180 alleles with 1.0 effective alleles per loci. Genetic diversity ranged from 0.1 to 0.39. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and structure analysis identified two genetic clusters of U. virens isolates with some degree of distinctness according to locations. But clusters, PCoA and structure analysis did not group the isolates according to their geographical origin and this may be due to high gene flow (Nm = 1.14). © 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Incidence and epidemiology of rice (Oryza sativa) false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens in northern India
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2023) Prahlad Masurkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Manas Kumar Bag; Hausila Prasad Singh; Mohammad Ekram Hussain
False smut of rice {Oryza saliva L.) caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah., 1896 is an important emerging disease of rice. An experiment was conducted during 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh to study the U. virens prevalence and morphological variability in northern India with the effect of weather variables on the percentage disease incidence (PDI) of false smut of rice. The study revealed that the false smut incidence was higher in Varanasi district of Uttar Pradesh (53.64%). The lowest percentage (20.68-27.55%) of infected tillers was found in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, and Tehri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. The grain replacement percentage was highest in the Moti cultivar (51.17%), while the highest yield loss percentage was in the Pusa Basmati (57.11 %) variety. The majority of the isolates in our investigation had fluffy, raised, and irregular colony morphology. The correlation between the false smut disease incidence and weather has been evaluated in the Varanasi district, and found that the temperature of 20.36°C with an RH of 85.13% and low rainfall of 8.92 mm was conducive to disease initiation and positively correlated with the PDI. Other epiphytotic factors like sunshine hours, and wind speed were all found to be negatively linked with PDI. In this investigation, for the first time, the viability of spores was also checked. It was found that 2-year-old spores were not viable because they did not retain any Brilliant Cresyl blue colour dye, which stains the stored food material in spores, while 1-month-old spores were found to be 100% viable. All the isolates were further confirmed with the specific ITS marker. © 2023 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All rights reserved.