Browsing by Author "Mandeep Dixit"

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An efficient endoglucanase and lipase enzyme consortium (ELEC) for deinking of old newspaper and ultrastructural analysis of deinked pulp
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Mandeep Dixit; Guddu Kumar Gupta; Puneet Pathak; Nishi K. Bhardwaj; Pratyoosh Shukla
The pulp and paper industry is looking for eco-friendly solutions in the field of enzymatic deinking for ink removal from recycled paper or pulp. In the present study, the endoglucanase and lipase enzymes obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 were used for enzymatic deinking of old newspapers. The synergistic action of enzyme consortium on deinking efficiency was measured for the eco-friendly deinking process. The data indicated that the endoglucanase and lipase enzyme consortium (ELEC) was more effective than the individual enzyme. The deinking efficiency of 38.6% and 42.7% ISO sheet brightness of newspaper was obtained using enzyme consortium. The hand-sheet strength properties were also evidently improved. Breaking length, tensile strength, and tear index were enhanced by 10.2%, 27.6%, and 8.1%, respectively. The ultrastructural analysis of the handmade sheets provided insights into enzymes’ action on pulp and paper. The enzymatically deinked pulp and paper, analyzed with the assistance of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, showed noteworthy transformation in chemical and surface structures. Using such an efficient enzyme consortium (ELEC) for deinking will help develop an eco-friendly process for waste paper recycling and its use in sustainable development of paper industry. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
An efficient endoglucanase and lipase enzyme consortium (ELEC) for deinking of old newspaper and ultrastructural analysis of deinked pulp
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Mandeep Dixit; Guddu Kumar Gupta; Puneet Pathak; Nishi K. Bhardwaj; Pratyoosh Shukla
The pulp and paper industry is looking for eco-friendly solutions in the field of enzymatic deinking for ink removal from recycled paper or pulp. In the present study, the endoglucanase and lipase enzymes obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 were used for enzymatic deinking of old newspapers. The synergistic action of enzyme consortium on deinking efficiency was measured for the eco-friendly deinking process. The data indicated that the endoglucanase and lipase enzyme consortium (ELEC) was more effective than the individual enzyme. The deinking efficiency of 38.6% and 42.7% ISO sheet brightness of newspaper was obtained using enzyme consortium. The hand-sheet strength properties were also evidently improved. Breaking length, tensile strength, and tear index were enhanced by 10.2%, 27.6%, and 8.1%, respectively. The ultrastructural analysis of the handmade sheets provided insights into enzymes’ action on pulp and paper. The enzymatically deinked pulp and paper, analyzed with the assistance of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study, showed noteworthy transformation in chemical and surface structures. Using such an efficient enzyme consortium (ELEC) for deinking will help develop an eco-friendly process for waste paper recycling and its use in sustainable development of paper industry. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022.
Analysis of endoglucanases production using metatranscriptomics and proteomics approach
(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Mandeep Dixit; Pratyoosh Shukla
The cellulases are among the most used enzyme in industries for various purposes. They add up to the green economy perspective and cost-effective production of enterprises. Biorefineries, paper industries, and textile industries are foremost in their usage. The production of endoglucanases from microorganisms is a valuable resource and can be exploited with the help of biotechnology. The present review provides some insight into the uses of endoglucanases in different industries and the potent fungal source of these enzymes. The advances in the enzyme technology has helped towards understanding some pathways to increase the production of industrial enzymes from microorganisms. The proteomics analysis and systems biology tools also help to identify these pathways for the enhanced production of such enzymes. This review deciphers the use of proteomics tools to analyze the potent microorganisms and identify suitable culture conditions to increase the output of endoglucanases. The review also includes the role of quantitative proteomics which is a powerful technique to get results faster and more timely. The role of metatranscriptomic approaches are also described which are helpful in the enzyme engineering for their efficient use under industrial conditions. Conclusively, this review helps to understand the challenges faced in the industrial use of endoglucanases and their further improvement. © 2024
Antifungal efficacy of photodynamic therapy on Cryptococcus and Candida species is enhanced by Streptomyces spp. extracts in vitro
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kunal Ranjan; José Athayde Vasconcelos Morais; Mandeep Dixit; Lourival Carvalho Nunes; Fernando Pacheco Rodrigues; Luís Alexandre Muehlmann; Pratyoosh Shukla; Marcio José Poças-Fonseca
The research on actinobacteria isolated from traditional medicinal plants is limited. Here, four new Streptomyces isolates (Ha1, Pp1, UzK and UzM) were obtained from the rhizospheres of Helianthus annuus, Pongamia pinnata and Ziziphus mauritiana, frequently utilized in Indian traditional medicine. The Streptomyces isolates aqueous extracts were studied alone against the growth of the Cryptococcus neoformans H99 reference strain, the fluconazole-tolerant T1-5796 and 89–610 strains, three histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes mutant strains, C. gattii NIH198, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Next, the extracts were employed in combination with aluminium-phthalocyanine chloride nanoemulsion-mediated photodynamic therapy to evaluate a possible interaction. We demonstrated that the C. neoformans T1-5796 fluconazole-tolerant strain was more severely inhibited by the Pp1 isolate extract (MIC: 6 mg mL−1) than H99, which was not inhibited. Growth inhibition of the HDAC null mutants was more prominent for the extract of the UzM isolate, showing inhibition at 2 mg mL−1. The UzM extract was also the most effective in hindering the Candida species proliferation, with MIC values ranging from 10 to 40 mg mL−1. The four Streptomyces extracts, especially UzK and UzM, significantly enhanced the antifungal effect of the photodynamic therapy. Our results indicate these Streptomyces isolates as sources of novel metabolites which could potentiate the effect of photodynamic therapy in controlling yeasts superficial infections. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.
Enhanced bioremediation of pulp effluents through improved enzymatic treatment strategies: A greener approach
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Mandeep Dixit; Guddu Kumar Gupta; Zeba Usmani; Minaxi Sharma; Pratyoosh Shukla
The massive load of effluents released from the pulp and paper industry has an adverse environmental impact due to the discharge of hazardous materials. These effluents contain mostly recalcitrant compounds like lignin, which are rigid and resilient to degradation. Bioremediation technologies such as biostimulation using nutrients and biological techniques are being used for the biodegradation of hazardous effluents. But they are not up to that level of remediation efficiency. Many enzymes have been used for bioremediation in recent years, which are easy to use, eco-friendly, and adequate to ensure the public safety. Such enzymes, along with their mechanisms, have been well studied for the bioremediation of effluents. This review describes enzyme technologies, including laccase mediated treatment, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase treatment to reduce effluent load into the environment. The other methods including aerobic and anaerobic treatments utilizing bio-sludge for producing beneficial products such as biofuels, and bio-sorbents for oil peeling are also described in the present review. This review also gives a summarized but unique description of the aspects of the immobilized biocatalysts and biosorbents used to mitigate the production of toxic pollutants from the pulp and paper industry. The strategies based on the advanced enzyme engineering technologies for bioremediation of such contaminants are also briefly described. This review also discusses the techno-economic assessment of enzymatic remediation and future challenges for the bioremediation of these effluents. In conclusion, enzyme-based advanced technologies are crucial ‘green technologies’ for providing a sustainable solution for bioremediation and reduced environmental pollution. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Improved deinking and biobleaching efficiency of enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using genetic Algorithm-Artificial neural network based tools
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Mandeep Dixit; Guddu Kumar Gupta; Monika Yadav; Deepak Chhabra; Rajeev Kumar Kapoor; Puneet Pathak; Nishi K. Bhardwaj; Pratyoosh Shukla
The present study reports the combined enzymatic production efficiency of thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using a combinatory artificial intelligence-based tool, resulting in 2.7 IU/ml, 5.2 IU/ml, and 18.85 U/ml activity of endoglucanase, amylase, and lipase, respectively with good thermostability at 90 °C (pH 8–10). Interestingly, the metal ions viz. Cu2+ and Mg2+ increased the endoglucanase activity to 5 folds, i.e.,5.6 IU/ml compared to control. Further, the amylase and lipase activity was also enhanced by Fe2+ and Co2+ to 5.4 IU/ml and 19.57 U/ml, respectively. Additionally, the deinking efficiency was improved by 68.9%, 42.7%, and 52.8% by endoglucanase, amylase, and lipase, respectively, while the consortium increased the deinking efficiency to 72.7%. The bio-bleached paper strength parameters such as burst index, breaking length, tear index, and tensile index of sheets were significantly improved by 1.38%, 13.54%, 7.54%, and 20.88%, respectively. These enzymes at an industrial scale would help develop an economical paper recycling process. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Insights into Microbial Enzymatic Biodegradation of Plastics and Microplastics: Technological Updates
(American Chemical Society, 2025) Guddu Kumar Gupta; Mandeep Dixit; Eetika Chot; Pratyoosh Shukla
The massive usage of synthetic plastics in modern life has led to plastic waste generation, and its accumulation is a key concern for the environment and human health. Therefore, plastic is a growing environmental burden because of its small size, stability, and high recalcitrance, needing urgent advancements in plastic waste management. Plastics combined with cocontaminants, i.e., heavy metals, pharmaceutical toxicants, and other plasticizers, can cause serious environmental issues. Hence, an efficient and scalable method based on enzymes and biotechnological approaches is required for sustainable microplastic degradation. The present review focuses on the advanced and emerging biotechnological approaches for plastic and microplastic degradation, i.e., genetic engineering and genome editing tools. The review also discusses the challenges encountered in degradation viz. the depolymerization rate of microplastics and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as degrees of crystallinity, chemical structure, functional group, and molecular weight. Furthermore, the insight in this study is useful to the researchers and scientific communities investigating plastic degradation. Thus, future research can be focused on microbial metabolites and improving catalytic efficiency with extrinsic conditions involved in these processes. © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
Microbial Bioprocess Efficiency Improvement Through Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI-ML) Tools
(CRC Press, 2025) Mandeep Dixit; Guddu Kumar Gupta; Dharini Pandey; Reeta Kumari; Deepak Chhabra; Naveen Kango; Pratyoosh Shukla
Developing eco-friendly microbial bioprocesses for the sustainable development of industries is a prime need. However, optimizing such bioprocesses is an expensive and time-consuming task. Various factors affecting the output need to be controlled during any bioprocess. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools are efficient alternatives to conventional approaches for optimizing process variables and finding the interaction between different factors. AI-ML tools are used for microbial strain selection and bioprocess optimization, scale-up, monitoring, and control, saving time and increasing the efficiency of the bioprocess. Tools like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) have provided superior results for the optimization of microbe-assisted production of various bio-metabolites and enzymes. This review highlights the use of various AI-ML tools for effective microbial bioprocess design and optimization. This will further help select suitable AI-ML tools for different bioprocesses and their overall impact on enhancing microbial efficiency. © 2026 Sunil Kumar Khare, Ram Karan, Rajeshwari Sinha and R. Hemamalini.
Microbial enzyme bioprocesses in biobleaching of pulp and paper: technological updates
(Elsevier, 2023) Guddu Kumar Gupta; Mandeep Dixit; Dharini Pandey; Rajeev Kumar Kapoor; Naveen Kango; Pratyoosh Shukla
Lignocellulosic biomass has become a centre of atention due to its availability as a rapidly renewable source for utilization in the industrial sector. Being an economical substrate it has numerous avenues for its utlization as a substrate for the generation of biofuel and utlization in pulp and paper industry. Various fungi and bacteria can degrade lignocellulosic biomass by their degrading enzymes. Due to the high efficiency and stable metabolic capability, currently, the fungal enzymes have a broad range of industrial applications. Moreover, lignocellulosic biomass is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and nonhazardous and requires lower energy input. The microbial enzymes have been used for the biobleaching of pulp and this approach is reported as cost-effective and ecofriendly compared to the conventional beaching process. It may improve the economic feasibility of the approach by lowering material costs and enhancing the pulp properties. Various enzyme engineering technologies enhance catalytic activity and substrate selectivity. This chapter will be discussing the technological updates on different microbial enzyme bioprocess techniques in the biobleaching of pulp and paper industries. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Multi-efficient endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger MPS25 and its potential applications in saccharification of wheat straw and waste paper deinking
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Mandeep Dixit; Pratyoosh Shukla
The deinking in the paper industry is in great demand, and microbial enzymes are key players. In the present study, the endoglucanase production from newly isolated fungi Aspergillus niger MPS25 is reported. The optimization of endoglucanase production was carried out using one factor at a time approach resulting in endoglucanase activity (2.37 IU/ml) at 45 °C and pH 8 in submerged fermentation (SmF), which shows optimum enzyme activity at 60 °C. Interestingly, the metal ions viz. Co2+ stimulated the endoglucanase activity, whereas Mn2+ reduced the enzyme activity, which shows that this enzyme can be used for effluent treatment released through deinking. The enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw produced 26.96 ± 0.108 mg/g of reducing sugars, indicating its potential in saccharification and the biofuel industry. Furthermore, the validation of the deinking efficiency of this enzyme resulted in improved deinking of mixed office waste and old newspapers by 31.5% and 20.4%, respectively. The strength properties, viz. burst factor and tear index, breaking length, and tensile index of the handmade paper sheets, were also improved which were analyzed by the scanning electron micrographs. The FTIR and XRD analysis of pulp provided insights into the changes in functional groups and cellulose crystallinity, respectively. These results indicate that multi-efficient endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger MPS25 is suitable for enzyme-based eco-friendly deinking for waste paper recycling and lignocellulosic biomass saccharification. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Optimization of endoglucanase-lipase-amylase enzyme consortium from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25 using Multi-Objective genetic algorithm and their bio-deinking applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Mandeep Dixit; Deepak Chhabra; Pratyoosh Shukla
In this study, the enzyme consortium of endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase was obtained and optimized using artificial intelligence-based tools. After optimization using a multi-objective genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, the enzyme activity was 8.8 IU/g, 153.68 U/g, and 19.2 IU/g for endoglucanase, lipase, and amylase, respectively, using Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS25. The highest enzyme activity was obtained at parameters 77.69% moisture content, 52.7 °C temperature, 98 h, and 3.1 eucalyptus leaves: wheat bran ratio. The endoglucanase-lipase-amylase (END-LIP-AMY) enzyme consortium showed reliable characteristics in terms of catalytic activity at 50–80 °C and pH 6.0–9.0. The increase in deinking efficiency of 27.8% and 11.1% were obtained compared to control for mixed office waste and old newspaper, respectively, using the enzyme consortium. The surface chemical composition and fiber morphology of deinked pulp was investigated using Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Robotics for enzyme technology: innovations and technological perspectives
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Mandeep Dixit; Kusum Panchal; Dharini Pandey; Nikolaos E. Labrou; Pratyoosh Shukla
Abstract: The use of robotics in the life science sector has created a considerable and significant impact on a wide range of research areas, including enzyme technology due to their immense applications in enzyme and microbial engineering as an indispensable tool in high-throughput screening applications. Scientists are experiencing the advanced applications of various biological robots (nanobots), fabricated based on bottom-up or top-down approaches for making nanotechnology scaffolds. Nanobots and enzyme-powered nanomotors are particularly attractive because they are self-propelled vehicles, which consume biocompatible fuels. These smart nanostructures are widely used as drug delivery systems for the efficient treatment of various diseases. This review gives insights into the escalating necessity of robotics and nanobots and their ever-widening applications in enzyme technology, including biofuel production and biomedical applications. It also offers brief insights into high-throughput robotic platforms that are currently being used in enzyme screening applications for monitoring and control of microbial growth conditions. Key points: • Robotics and their applications in biotechnology are highlighted. • Robotics for high-throughput enzyme screening and microbial engineering are described. • Nanobots and enzyme-powered nanomotors as controllable drug delivery systems are reviewed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Xylanolytic Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Industry: New Technologies and Perspectives
(Humana Press Inc., 2022) Guddu Kumar Gupta; Mandeep Dixit; Rajeev Kumar Kapoor; Pratyoosh Shukla
The pulp and paper industry discharges massive amount of wastewater containing hazardous organochlorine compounds released during different processing stages. Therefore, some cost-effective and nonpolluting practices such as enzymatic treatments are required for the potential mitigation of effluents released in the environment. Various xylanolytic enzymes such as xylanases, laccases, cellulases and hemicellulases are used to hydrolyse raw materials in the paper manufacturing industry. These enzymes are used either individually or in combination, which has the efficient potential to be considered for bio-deinking and bio-bleaching components. They are highly dynamic, renewable, and high in specificity for enhancing paper quality. The xylanase act on the xylan and cellulases act on the cellulose fibers, and thus increase the bleaching efficacy of paper. Similarly, hemicellulase enzyme like endo-xylanases, arabinofuranosidase and β-d-xylosidases have been described as functional properties towards the biodegradation of biomass. In contrast, laccase enzymes act as multi-copper oxidoreductases, bleaching the paper by the oxidation and reduction process. Laccases possess low redox potential compared to other enzymes, which need some redox mediators to catalyze. The enzymatic process can be affected by various factors such as pH, temperature, metal ions, incubation periods, etc. These factors can either increase or decrease the efficiency of the enzymes. This review draws attention to the xylanolytic enzyme-based advanced technologies for pulp bleaching in the paper industry. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.