Browsing by Author "Manisha Singh"

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A Consensus Model to Manage Unavailability of Decision-Makers in Group Decision Making
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
All the known Group Decision Making (GDM) models assume the continuous availability of all decision-makers (DMs) during the Consensus Reaching Process (CRP). Factually, the constant presence of a DM means that the concerned DMs are interested in adequately contributing to the decision-making process, and the technical support continuously enables their support. However, in a realistic situation, one or more DMs may be unavailable at times in CRP iterations due to technical or non-technical reasons. This paper considers such a scenario wherein the DMs are sparsely present. Hence, working out a model to take care of such pertinent absences that eventually make GDM possible. The bounded confidence of an individual DM is used to facilitate CRP in evaluating the opinions of the unavailable DMs. We propose to assign weight to a DM based on their cumulative presence in the decision process. Consideration of the opinion of a DM in a particular iteration based on the opinion in the previous iterations in case of the absence of the concerned DM in an implementation shown here is shown to be helpful. © 2023 IEEE.
A framework for IoT service selection
(Springer, 2020) Gaurav Baranwal; Manisha Singh; Deo Prakash Vidyarthi
IoT is getting popular as it makes human life comfortable. The industry giants such as IBM, Microsoft, Cisco and Amazon have started offering IoT assistance in form of services. Numerous IoT applications exist today with different roles to play in day-to-day life. Because of application diversity and a good number of IoT service providers, it is difficult for IoT users to select the best one as per the requirement and expected quality of service, QoS. To address this, QoS metrics related to major IoT components, i.e., communication, computing and things, are designed to assess the alternative services. IoT users can express their requirements regarding QoS, while service providers exhibit their offerings. Because of three major IoT components, service selection is considered as multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problem. This work proposes a new MCGDM framework to rank the IoT services that considers rank reversal problem, judgments of decision makers in linguistic term and the uncertainty and risk-attitudinal characteristics in human decision-making. The proposed framework is validated by comparing it with an existing MCGDM model. A case study on IoT health-care application is provided besides the sensitivity analysis to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
A novel 2-phase consensus with customized feedback based group decision-making involving heterogeneous decision-makers
(Springer, 2023) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
In Group Decision-Making (GDM), decision-makers (DMs) who are experts take wise decisions. But in systems such as smart cities, IoT, and e-democracy, the acceptance and survival of the decision given by the experts depend on the experience of citizens and end-users. Hence, an attempt can be made to use the citizens' perceptions. A potential solution to improve the acceptance and survival of the decision is to include citizens' opinions too in the decision-making. In this work, a novel GDM model is proposed that involves non-experts along with the experts to understand the opinions of non-experts also by the experts. Two phases of the consensus reaching process (CRP) are defined: the inter-consensus reaching phase, where consensus between experts and non-experts will be achieved, and the intra-consensus reaching phase, where the experts negotiate among themselves to attain the consensus. In existing GDM models, CRP overcomes the conflicts in the opinions of the DMs by providing feedback to DMs for modifying their preferences to achieve the required consensus. However, multiple feedback rounds increase the cost of CRP. The proposed GDM gives customized feedback to the experts only once at each phase, reducing the feedback cost in attaining the consensus. A numerical example is discussed to explain the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed approach is tested on different consensus thresholds to verify its practicality. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
A Novel Tolerance-Based Moderator Guided Heterogeneous Group Decision-Making Involving Experts and End-Users
(World Scientific, 2023) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
This study focuses on two issues of group decision-making (GDM). First, the multiple rounds of feedback recommendations in the consensus reaching process (CRP) make GDM inefficient. The second is no involvement of heterogeneous decision-makers (DMs), possibly end-users as stakeholders apart from the experts. To address the first issue, a novel threshold-based feedback mechanism is introduced to improve the efficiency of the CRP that helps the experts reach consensus in at most one round of feedback. To address the second issue, end-users are invited to participate in decision-making where their majority group opinion is used. Then, a novel concept of tolerance degree of the moderator is proposed to obtain the final decision considering the consensual opinion of experts and cumulative opinion of end-users. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case of healthcare service selection. Further, various experiments are conducted to show how the proposed work outperforms the existing works. © 2023 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and stability evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract-based microemulsions for enhanced therapeutic activity
(Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd, 2017) Manisha Singh; Surya Pratap Singh; R. Rachana
Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant (AO) potential, cytotoxicity, and stability of preformulated Ginkgo biloba standard extract microemulsion (GBME), to investigate if, it retains the therapeutic potential of EGB761 and remains safe and stable for a longer period. Method and Results: GBME has shown enhanced AO (85.2±0.78%, IC50=31.3±0.45 µg/ml) in comparison to EGB761 (74.1±0.51%, IC50=49.4±0.05 µg/ml) using 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Similarly, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay has also shown that AO for GBME (94.6±0.04%, IC50=11.4±1.03 µg/ml) was higher than EGB761 (78.6±1.20%, IC50=34.6±0.81 µg/ml). Further, IC50 value of antiradical unit of GBME was much lesser (ABTS=14.3±1.05 µg/ml and DPPH=17.03±1.8 µg/ml) in comparison to EGB761 (ABTS=34.1±1.62 µg/ml and DPPH=37.5±0.08 µg/ml). Equivalently, both, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and nitric oxide activity were appreciably higher for GBME than the pure extract. The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment showed that GBME is quite safe (98.68±0.76% cell viability) in comparison to EGB761 (83.29±1.02%). Thereafter, these samples were tested for stability by evaluating their AO activity along with high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, for the major phytocompounds, after 1 year, and results suggested that AO of GBME remained stable while comparing with the freshly prepared GBME, whereas AO of EGB761 reduced significantly as compared to freshly taken EGB761 extract implying the degradation of phytocompounds supporting decrease in AO activity. Conclusion: Therefore, the observed results suggest that GBME maintained AO and scavenging activity along with enhanced shelf life with no observed toxicity, which can be explored further for its potential therapeutic implications in various oxidative stress-induced central nervous system disorders. © 2017 The Authors.
Decentralized group decision making using blockchain
(Springer, 2023) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Group decision making (GDM) involving consensus reaching process (CRP) attempts to achieve a consensus among Decision-Makers (DMs) before coming to a final decision. Computer-based decision support systems are present to support the decision-making process called the Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS). The traditional GDSS being centralized is subject to security, transparency, and trust issues, such as vulnerable to security risks providing attackers with a single target to attack, a single point of failure, and biases. In this regard, this paper identifies and discusses such issues. To address these issues, we introduce a novel idea of a decentralized group decision-making structure using blockchain technology. We proposed a consensus model suitable for the blockchain platform. For validation, we implement the proposed work using the Ethereum blockchain. Furthermore, a theoretical security analysis of the proposed model is also done to validate that the system eliminates possible security attacks. The possible experiments show that the proposed work minimizes the gas cost by minimizing the feedback cost. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first step toward introducing the idea, and the advanced approaches will be the natural consequences of this work. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Development, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation of Gingko biloba extract (EGB761) loaded microemulsion for intra-nasal application
(Open Science Publishers LLP Inc., 2017) Manisha Singh; Surya Pratap Singh; R. Rachana
Background: Ginkgo biloba is therapeutically important fossil species with extended benefits against CNS disorders as; it contains various potential constituents which are known for their specific actions. In spite of this fact its medicinal usage are limited due to the limited absorption, rapid elimination, vigorous biotransformation and low bioavailability of its therapeutic components. Objective: The present study is an attempt to develop a microemulsion system of standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB761) for intranasal application. Material and methods: It is developed by water titration method using Isopropyl Myristate (oil), Tween 80 (surfactant) and Ethanol (co surfactant). Results: EGB761 loaded microemulsions were developed and characterized. The optimized formulation showed particle size of 259.8 ± 6.3 nm, PDI score of 0.186 ± 0.092 and zeta potential as -9.87 ± 2.23 mv. Also, TEM images showed size range from 84 - 260 nm with smooth and spherical morphology. In vitro phyto-constituents release through isolated nasal mucosa showed release pattern of zero order kinetics with sustained release (up to 16 hours). Moreover, cytotoxicity evaluation (RPMI2650 cell lines) didn't show cytotoxicity for both GBME (99.3 % ± 2.28 % and 98.17 % ± 1.86%) and plain EGB761 extract (95.3 % ± 2.1 and 91.7 % ± 1.07) with different time periods (3 and 12 hours). Conclusion: Therefore, it has been concluded from the results that, EGB761 based microemulsion (GBME) is developed with particle size range between 84 - 260 nm, having zero order release kinetics. GBME is found to be safe on RPMI2650 cell line and can be further, investigated in in vivo system. © 2017 Manisha Singh et al.
Hoofprints in the yard: The discovery of bovid, caprid and (large) feline/canid tracks in an external courtyard from the early Iron Age of Tokwa, India
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Jennifer Bates; Vikas Kumar Singh; Ravindra Nath Singh; Manisha Singh; Brij Mohan; Sudarshan Chakradhari; Matthew Conte; Olzbayar Gankhuyag; Nathaniel James; Rakesh Jollu; Snigdha Konar; S. Dasaratha Kumar; Arun K. Pandey; Kim Pangyu; Abhay P. Singh; Anisha Singh; Sunil K. Singh; Urvashi Singh
Humans and animals have co-existed throughout our evolution, but evidence for this often comes in the form of death assemblages – animal bones. Evidence of the lived experience of animals in human spaces instead often has to come from secondary sources like stress marks on bone, imagery, artefacts and texts. In this paper we report evidence for animals exploring human habitation spaces in the form of hoof and paw prints left in wet plaster floors at the early Iron Age site of Tokwa, India. The tracks come from three separate animal groups – bovid, caprid and large feline/canid – and show presence at different moments in floor use through their presence in different plaster layers. This repeated use of a human habitation space, specifically outside courtyards, shows animals freely roaming through the area, and highlights not only biodiversity hidden from the site's zooarchaeological record, but also the intersection of multi-species lived experiences on a day-to-day basis that would otherwise not be visible over the millennia. © 2025
Identification and characterization of pectin remodeling gene families in Withania somnifera and their interaction during biotic stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Gourav Jain; Yogeshwar Vikram Dhar; Alka Srivastava; Manisha Singh; Sushmita; Sanchita Singh; Ankit Saxena; Sanjeev K. Shukla; Ratnasekhar Ch; Mehar Hasan Asif; Veena Pande; Praveen Chandra Verma
The Pectin methylesterase (PME), Pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), and Subtilase (SBT) are pectin remodeling enzymes that play an important role in plant growth and development as well as response to various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant that gained attention for its phytochemical properties, but relatively little in-depth genomic exploration has been available, including PME, PMEI, and SBT genes. In the present study, 54 PMEs, 19 PMEIs, and 51 SBTs genes were identified from the W. somnifera transcriptome. A detailed phylogeny was performed, followed by a conserved sequence signature analysis, which revealed the major phylogenetic division with Solanum lycopersicum. Insect infestation can cause a significant increase in the functions of these genes, which were identified using PME activity, methanol content, and emission, often by several orders of magnitude. WsPME28, WsPME32, and WsPME50 are putative genes that are significantly upregulated up to six fold during insect infestation, according to gene expression profile analysis. To study specific relative interactions for a PME-SBT pair, molecular docking analysis was performed and found that the serine residue of WsSBT37 interacts with the processing motif (RKLL) of WsPME28 and releases mature PME. As per our best knowledge, this is the first investigation into the identification and characterization of the PME, PMEI, and SBT gene families in W. somnifera. This study will lay the groundwork for future studies targeting these genes, thus giving a better understanding of the stress tolerance mechanism in W. somnifera, and will serve as a reference for determining the most specific SBT-PME pairs in development and stress conditions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Integrating Blockchain for Healthcare Group Decision Making
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Group Decision-making (GDM) is very much required and practiced in healthcare, also through the healthcare decision support system (HDSS). However, it may lack transparency and trust in balancing the risk and expected decision. Also, the absence of trust can heavily undermine the decision quality. We here propose a blockchain-based solution using smart contract to facilitate the decision-making process in healthcare based on the decentralized technology. In general, in a GDM and particularly in healthcare, the opinions expressed by the expert may have some degree of risk associated with it, and we address this issue through 2-Tuple fuzzy preference representation. We propose a consensus-based GDM model that uses a 2-Tuple fuzzy preference relation for smart contract. Remix IDE is used to develop and test the smart contract code in the Ethereum blockchain environment. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed blockchain-based solution and its security and cost analysis. © 2022 IEEE.
Multi-attribute-based self-stabilizing algorithm for leader election in distributed systems
(Springer, 2025) Amit Biswas; Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi; Samir Aknine
Cloud computing, edge computing, replicated databases, and various modern technologies adopt distributed computing concepts for a reliable, high-performance, large-scale computational platform. In distributed computing, leader election is a fundamental problem because the elected leader helps coordinate and utilize the resources efficiently. Several state-of-the-art works mentioned that a good quality leader is essential as it improves system performance, simplifies management procedures, reduces coordinational complexity, and makes the system more fault-tolerant. However, designing a self-stabilizing leader election algorithm with weak assumptions in a failure-prone distributed environment is challenging. This paper proposes a multi-attribute-based, self-stabilizing, network partition-tolerant leader election method for failure-prone distributed systems. Here, based on the system requirements, the pertinent attributes of a good quality leader are identified and assigned weights according to their importance. Then, the identified attributes and their weight are used to elect a suitable node as the leader. We show that the algorithm is self-stabilizing and can tolerate multiple nodes and link failures. Further, we analyze the proposed algorithm’s time, communication, and bit complexities. We consider a distributed database system scenario to simulate the proposed method and compare it with existing approaches to evaluate and validate the proposed method’s performance and the elected leader’s quality. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
QoS-Aware Selection of IoT-Based Service
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
With the proliferation of a number of IoT-based service providers in the market, it would be difficult to select a suitable IoT service as per the requirement among the vast pool of available services showing similar capabilities. Quality-of-service (QoS) parameters that define a service may be used for doing an appropriate selection. Here we consider IoT as the composition of its three possible components: Things, communication entity and computing entity, and description of an IoT may include QoS parameters for each of these components. We propose a framework that makes use of a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) as a combination of known approaches under the names Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for conducting the selection process where QoS parameters of various component of IoT act as criteria. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach along with the sensitivity analysis for showing the robustness of the proposed framework. © 2020, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
Quality of Service (QoS) in Internet of Things
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged with an ultimate goal of automating human life by providing its services. This incredible technology has a huge potential by which it can make human life simpler and easier. To increase the popularity of any type of services, first, their quality metrics need to be defined clearly. In IoT also, Quality of Service (QoS) metrics are needed to be defined first then only user will be able to understand and express their requirement using these metrics. This work is a step in this direction. This work identifies and describes various QoS metrics of IoT keeping the fact in mind that Computing, Communication and Things are three pillars of IoT. This work helps IoT providers to describe their services, users to describe their needs and researchers and professionals to develop the models in IoT considering the importance of QoS metrics. © 2018 IEEE.
Radiocarbon Dates from the Archaeological Site of Sakas, Bihar, India
(Cambridge University Press, 2024) J. Bates; V.K. Singh; R.N. Singh; Manisha Singh; Brij Mohan; Sudarshan Chakradhari; Abhay P. Singh; Matthew Conte; Yongje Oh
Dates from recently excavated Gangetic site of Sakas in Bihar, India, place it at ca.1800-1100 BC. The ceramic and lithic chronologies have been interpreted as Early Farming, Transitional and Chalcolithic/Developed Farming in date. However, depending on where in the Ganges Plains is studied, the time frame of Early, Developed and Advanced Farming periods varies widely, from 7th millennium to 2nd millennium BC and beyond, making the chronological framing of absolute dates within a regional scheme highly complex. In this paper we report the new radiocarbon results from Sakas and note how while these are critical for cementing the absolute dating of the site, until such time as a more stable periodization linked not only to relative and absolute dates but also human lifeways within the different zones of the Ganges plains is created, there remains difficulties in understanding how Sakas and other sites of similar date fit into the changing social, cultural and economic systems in this region. © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of University of Arizona.
Soil Microbiome and its Functional Attributes Under the Gradient of Arsenic Contamination in Paddy Soils
(Springer Nature, 2024) Mariya Naseem; Praveen C. Verma; Richa Raghuwanshi; Vivek K. Gaur; Manisha Singh; Srishti Seth; Pankaj Kumar Srivastava
The build-up of arsenic in agricultural soil through contaminated irrigational groundwater is a concern. Metagenomic analysis of such contaminated sites may provide a remarkable opportunity to extensively investigate the responses and adaptation of microbial communities to different levels of arsenic. The study focuses on the comparative analysis of microbial community composition and associated functions in paddy soil samples with a gradient of arsenic contamination (4.88 to 43.67 mg kg−1). Actinobacteria was found to dominate the bacterial phyla in all four samples with abundance ranging from 39.77% to 49.39% followed by Proteobacteria (20.71–38.24%). Whereas the fungal phylum Ascomycota (92.42–95.29%) dominated all the samples studied. In the study, bacteria were found to be abundant in the mid-level (15.89 and 24.84 mg kg−1) of arsenic, which included genera Gaiella, Nocardioides, Solirubrobacter, Microvirga, and Nitrospira. Fungi Beauveria, Talaromyces, Aspergillus, Pyrenophora, and Valsa were higher in relative abundance corresponding to soil arsenic concentration. Verticillium, previously reported for Pb, Zn, and Cd removal, was found in the soil sample with the mid-arsenic concentration (15.89 mg kg−1). The relative abundance of the arsenic metabolizing/ transport genes of native microbial communities also varied with the soil arsenic gradient, the genes arsJ, arsM, aioR, arsH, and arsC being the most affected. The study is the first report of Gaiella, Solirubrobacter, Beauveria, and Verticillium present in arsenic-contaminated soil, and further studies are required to explore their potential role in arsenic bioremediation. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Supplier Selection in Healthcare using Blockchain
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Twinkle Kumari; Manisha Singh; Gaurav Baranwal; Anil Kumar Tripathi
Supplier selection is a topic widely studied in both academics and industry. Even though it has extensive literature, there is not enough research on healthcare supplier selection (HSS). Healthcare is a critical sector. Any decision made for it needs to be done scrupulously and transparently. Because if later something goes wrong, only responsible individuals should be held accountable. However, the existing system for HSS is not competent enough. Therefore, we need a decentralised system that extensively supports automation, transparency, traceability, data immutability and security. This paper proposes a blockchain-based decentralised platform for HSS. The features of a blockchain system, like immutability, transparency, traceability, blockchain-backed smart contract, etc., are leveraged for HSS. Smart contact is employed for safe, intermediary-free & hassle-free contractual work between the buyers and suppliers. Supplier selection is done using a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method because multiple criteria must be considered to assess a supplier. © 2022 IEEE.