Browsing by Author "Manjot Kaur"

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History of Minimally Invasive Surgery in Cancer
(Springer Nature, 2025) Mallika Tewari; Manjot Kaur
Large incisions were traditionally used for carrying out radical resections as the emphasis was on removal of the cancer and possible cure. A paradigm shift has occurred over a period of several decades now with technological advances enabling radical resections using smaller incisions that reduce the morbidity of radical open surgery while remaining oncologically safe. Introduction of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has brought about a phenomenal change in the way surgery is performed by the surgeon. Although first developed for benign diseases, MIS has rapidly evolved in cancer surgery. It is associated with lower blood loss, smaller scar, shorter length of hospital stay (LOS) and improved overall quality of life (QOL) in most instances. MIS not only has a role in the diagnosis and staging of cancers but is also widely used for radical resections, most notably of esophageal, gastric, colon, and prostate cancer as well as for various palliative procedures. The introduction of robotics has further refined MIS, the benefit lies in crisp precision and 7° of freedom configuration, which enhances surgeon’s dexterity and aids in performing complex surgeries even in a narrow pelvis. This chapter gives an outline of the evolution of MIS in cancer and its present status across some common cancers. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Photocatalytic and Antibacterial NiO/MgO Nanocomposites for Efficient Dyes Removal From Industrial Wastewater
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Anuradha Kumari; Annesha Roy; Manjot Kaur; Akshay Kumar; Kajal Kumari; Usha Singh Gaharwar; Atul Kumar Tiwari; Ramovatar Meena
The presence of non-biodegradable industrial waste, particularly dyes, has led to pollution of aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, it is crucial to devise effective strategies to remove industrial contaminants. This study focused on creating nanomaterials for wastewater treatment. NiO/MgO nanocomposites (NCs) were produced via chemical precipitation and subsequently characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) verified the crystalline nature of NiO/MgO with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, which promoted strong interfacial interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the NiO/MgO NCs agglomerated into spherical and irregular shapes, whereas transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed a size range of 65–100 nm. UV–vis spectroscopy indicated absorption in the UV–vis spectrum, suggesting its photocatalytic potential. The photocatalytic performance of the NiO/MgO NCs was assessed for organic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR), and methyl orange (MO) under UV–vis light, demonstrating notable efficiency at higher dye concentrations. The highest degradation efficiency was recorded for CR (∼77% at 100 ppm over 60 min), followed by MO (∼71.6%) and MB (∼70%). The enhanced photocatalytic activity was linked to the nanostructured morphology, effective charge separation, and decreased electron-hole recombination. NiO/MgO NCs also showed strong antibacterial properties against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. Antimicrobial mechanisms include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of membranes, and interactions with metal ions, which demonstrate the multi-functionality of NiO/MgO NCs as efficient wastewater treatment agents. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.