Browsing by Author "Manoj Pandey"

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A Novel Jak1 Gene Mutation in Invasive Breast Carcinoma
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Paras Kumar; Monika Rajput; Manoj Pandey
[No abstract available]
A review of global cancer burden: Trends, challenges, strategies, and a role for surgeons
(2013) Chandrakanth Are; Shireen Rajaram; Madhuri Are; Hemanth Raj; Benjamin O. Anderson; Ramesh Chaluvarya Swamy; Manavalan Vijayakumar; Tianqiang Song; Manoj Pandey; James A. Edney; Eduardo L. Cazap
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The global cancer burden (GCB) is expected to rise significantly and will disproportionately affect the less developed world (LDW). The aim of this review is to analyze the trends in GCB and describe the types, estimates, and causes of new cancer cases. The challenges and strategies associated with tackling this rising GCB are described in which surgeons can play a vital role. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of proteomic biomarkers in oral squamous cell cancer
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2021) Jyotsnaa Pillai; Tanvi Chincholkar; Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey
Background: Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the most common cancer associated with chewing tobacco, in the world. As this is divided in to sites and subsites, it does not make it to top 10 cancers. The most common subsite is the oral cancer. At the time of diagnosis, more than 50% of patients with oral squamous cell cancers (OSCC) had advanced disease, indicating the lack of availability of early detection and risk assessment biomarkers. The new protein biomarker development and discovery will aid in early diagnosis and treatment which lead to targeted treatment and ultimately a good prognosis. Methods: This systematic review was performed as per PRISMA guidelines. All relevant studies assessing characteristics of oral cancer and proteomics were considered for analysis. Only human studies published in English were included, and abstracts, incomplete articles, and cell line or animal studies were excluded. Results: A total of 308 articles were found, of which 112 were found to be relevant after exclusion. The present review focuses on techniques of cancer proteomics and discovery of biomarkers using these techniques. The signature of protein expression may be used to predict drug response and clinical course of disease and could be used to individualize therapy with such knowledge. Conclusions: Prospective use of these markers in the clinical setting will enable early detection, prediction of response to treatment, improvement in treatment selection, and early detection of tumor recurrence for disease monitoring. However, most of these markers for OSCC are yet to be validated. © 2021, The Author(s).
A unique case of rectal cancer with coexistence of multiple pathways of carcinogenesis
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Nisha Rateria; Ritu Ojha; Mridula Shukla; Manoj Pandey
Background: Colorectal cancer with a global incidence of 10% has multiple pathways implicated in its carcinogenesis. WNT signaling is the principal underlying pathway via APC gene, while defective mismatch repair genes and epigenetic changes also are known to contribute. Case presentation: Here, we present an unusual case of rectal adenocarcinoma in a woman, with germline MSH6 and PMS1 mutations, and simultaneous somatic APC and TP53 mutations treated with surgery and adjuvant capecitabine. Conclusions: The case is unique suggesting a possible interaction between the two pathways and contributing to carcinogenesis in this patient. This also suggests need for a thorough germline and somatic mutation evaluation in select colorectal cancer patients to direct a tailored therapy. © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
'Agni karma' - Intentional systematic therapeutic burns
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2010) Manoj Pandey; Mridula Shukla
'Agni karma', also known as 'dahan karma', is a process used in Ayurveda for various benign diseases that are characterised by pain or bleeding. In this process, the heated rods of gold, silver, iron, copper and pancha dhatu (five metals) are applied directly on the skin at the affected site. The temperature varies according to the process used and is lowest for gold and highest for silver. The 'agni karma' is not recommended for arbuda (tumour/malignancy). Here the authors present two cases of soft tissue sarcoma of lower extremity where 'agni karma' was tried in vain by traditional healers at their local village. Both the patients presented with progressive disease that was treated with wide excision and limb conservation, and the whole of the overlying skin scarred by previous healed burns of various degrees had to be sacrificed making a simple surgery difficult.
An unusual case of post-menopausal bleeding
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Roli Purwar; Jyothi Kanugonda; Mridula Shukla; Manoj Pandey
Background: Metastasis from Renal cell carcinoma at presentation is seen in nearly one fifth of the patients and commonly occur to lung, bone and liver. Synchronous vaginal and cervical metastasis is extremely rare. Several pathways have been proposed of which blood reflux from left renal vein to ovarian vein is most plausible. The prognosis is usually very poor as they are often associated with disseminated metastasis. Case presentation: A 55-year-old women presented with post-menopausal vaginal bleeding, on examination a smooth mass occupying the vagina and obscuring the view of cervix with normal mucosa was found. Biopsy and Immunohistochemistry showed it to be renal cell carcinoma. Further investigations lead to identification of left renal mass with pulmonary, vaginal and cervical metastasis. Patient was started on Pazopanib 800 mg PO per day, and was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Vaginal metastasis presenting as post-menopausal bleeding is one of the rarest presentation of renal cell carcinoma with only 3 cases reported in literature before this. Metastatic tumors to the vagina are more common than primary tumors and are mostly from cervix, endometrium and ovary. A high index of suspicion and through examination and investigation is the key to correct diagnosis and management. © The Author(s) 2025.
Antisense RNAs (asRNAs) as key players in gallbladder cancer progression: a bioinformatics analysis
(Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, 2025) Monika Rajput; Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Aim: This study reports differential expression of Antisense RNAs (asRNAs) by analyzing transcriptomic profiles in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Background: asRNAs play crucial roles in developing various tumors. However, the presence and biological mechanism of asRNAs in GBC development are still unknown. Methods: Differentially expressed asRNAs (DE-asRNAs) were systematically identified from RNA sequencing data \ from ten GBC patients. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, followed by the identification of mRNAs targeted by asRNAs and the construction of a gene regulatory network of asRNAs targeting mRNAs. Results: Of the 891 asRNAs identified, 17 DE-asRNAs were statistically significant. Out of 17, 12 asRNAs were upregulated, and five asRNAs were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed their role in methylation and developmental processes. Of the 17 asRNAs, 14 are novel (UNC5B-AS1, SLC2A1-AS1, BBOX1-AS1, SOX21-AS1, ELFN1-AS1, TRPM2-AS, DNAH17-AS1, DCST1AS1, VPS9D1-AS1, MIR1-1HG-AS1, HAND2-AS1, PGM5P4-AS1, PGM5P3-AS1, and MAGI2-AS). Enrichment analysis of asRNAs with target mRNAs showed enrichment in biological regulation and developmental processes involved in the PI3K, p53, apoptosis, and VEGF signaling pathways. Conclusion: This study identified 14 asRNAs for the first time and showed that asRNAs targeting mRNAs strongly associated with tumor development in GBC through the PI3KCA and TP53 pathways. © 2025, Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench (GHFBB). This is an open-access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by nc/4.0/) which permits others to copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.
Aspirin and Cancer Survival: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Manoj Pandey; Monika Rajput; Pooja Singh; Mridula Shukla; Bin Zhu; Jill Koshiol
The benefit of aspirin on cancer survival is debated. Data from randomized clinical trials and cohort studies are discordant, although a meta-analysis shows a clear survival advantage when aspirin is added to the standard of care. However, the mechanism by which aspirin improves cancer survival is not clear. A PubMed search was carried out to identify articles reporting genes and pathways that are associated with aspirin and cancer survival. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using web-based tools. Gene–gene and protein–protein interactions were evaluated. Crosstalk between pathways was identified and plotted. Forty-one genes were identified and classified into primary genes (PTGS2 and PTGES2), genes regulating cellular proliferation, interleukin and cytokine genes, and DNA repair genes. The network analysis showed a rich gene–gene and protein–protein interaction between these genes and proteins. Pathway enrichment showed the interleukin and cellular transduction pathways as the main pathways involved in aspirin-related survival, in addition to DNA repair, autophagy, extracellular matrix, and apoptosis pathways. Crosstalk of PTGS2 with EGFR, JAK/AKT, TP53, interleukin/TNFα/NFκB, GSK3B/BRCA/PARP, CXCR/MUC1, and WNT/CTNNB pathways was identified. The results of the present study demonstrate that aspirin improves cancer survival by the interplay of 41 genes through a complex mechanism. PTGS2 is the primary target of aspirin and impacts cancer survival through six primary pathways: the interleukin pathway, extracellular matrix pathway, signal transduction pathway, apoptosis pathway, autophagy pathway, and DNA repair pathway. © 2024 by the authors.
Association of Methylenetetrahydrafolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (MTHFR) in Patients with Gallbladder Cancer
(Humana Press Inc., 2016) Ruhi Dixit; Gyanendra Singh; Manoj Pandey; Somprakas Basu; Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya; K.K. Singh; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Purpose: 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and plays a major role in DNA methylation. There are two popular MTHFR polymorphisms known as C677T and A1298C which are found to be involved in folate metabolism and lowering the enzyme activity, thus may be linked with cancer development. This study aims to look at the association of these polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer. Methods: Thirty patients each with gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal gallbladder were genotyped for the above-given polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: C677T MTHFR polymorphism was not associated (χ2 = 2.44, p = 0.85) with an increased likelihood of having gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly associated (χ2 = 28.87, p < 0.001) with risk of developing gallbladder cancer. A1298C was significantly correlated with grade (r = 0.337, p < 0.001) and histopathology (r = 0.446, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study proposed that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be associated with risk of developing gallbladder cancer, and there is no association between C677T polymorphism and gallbladder cancer. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Bile, bacteria, and gallbladder carcinogenesis
(1995) Manoj Pandey; Ram A. Vishwakarma; Ajay K. Khatri; Salil K. Roy; Vijay K. Shukla
[No abstract available]
Bioprospecting potential genetic biomarkers of gallbladder cancer
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Vijay Kumar Shukla
Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and aggressive cancer of the biliary tract with a very low survival rate. The availability of diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies for its management is limited. The study identifies potential genetic biomarkers of GBC by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through microarray profiling and constructing regulatory networks using systems biology techniques. Methods: We used Clariom™ D Array in gallbladder cancer, cholelithiasis, and normal tissues (10 cases in each group), identifying DEGs and key biological pathways. Functional analysis via Metascape, DisGeNET, and KEGG-SIGNOR network mapping revealed gene-disease relationships and protein interactions. Results: There were 3,898 significant DEGs (|Fold Change| > 2.0, p < 0.05) identified in GBC compared to normal gallbladder tissue, with 2,575 genes upregulated and 1,323 downregulated. On comparison with cholelithiasis, 2523 DEGs (|Fold Change|>2.0, p < 0.05) were upregulated and 1451 downregulated. The functional analyses have shown that these DEGs were mainly involved in anatomical structure maturation and cell-cycle regulation. Top ten identified hub genes were XAB2, XPA, RPA1, RAD51B, RPS27A, BRCA2, ATR, PDS5B, CCNB2 and RANBP2. The top 3 related pathways were mismatch repair pathway, nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination. Conclusion: A significantly high differential gene expression was identified in gallbladder cancer compared to control groups. For the first time, we identified key genes—XAB2, XPA, RPA1, RAD51B, RPS27A, BRCA2, ATR, PDS5B, CCNB2, and RANBP2—as crucial players in homologous recombination, mismatch repair, DNA damage repair, and DNA replication processes that contribute to gallbladder carcinogenesis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Cancer prevention through lifestyle modification
(Scientific Scholar LLC, 2025) Devi Nandakumar; Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey
[No abstract available]
Cancer surgery during COVID increased the patient mortality and the transmission risk to healthcare workers: results from a retrospective cohort study (NCT05240378)
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2022) Kishan Soni; J.F. Neville; Roli Purwar; Tarun Kumar; Ghanshyam Yadav; Nimisha Verma; Manoj Pandey
Background: India encountered two waves of COVID-19 pandemic with variability in its characteristics and severity. Concerns were raised over the safety of treatment, and higher morbidity was predicted for oncological surgery. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the rate of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing curative surgery for cancer before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The prospectively obtained clinical data of 1576 patients treated between April 2019 and May 2021 was reviewed; of these, 959 patients were operated before COVID-19 and 617 during the pandemic. The data on complications, deaths, confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, and COVID-19 infection among health workers (HCW) was extracted. Results: A 35% fall in number of surgeries was seen during the COVID period; significant fall was seen in genital and esophageal cancer. There was no difference in postoperative complication; however, the postoperative mortality was significantly higher. A total of 71 patients had COVID-19, of which 62 were preoperative and 9 postoperative, while 30/38 healthcare workers contracted COVID-19, of which 7 had the infection twice and 3 were infected after two doses of vaccination; there was no mortality in healthcare workers. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates higher mortality rates after surgery in cancer patients, with no significant change in morbidity rates. A substantial proportion of HCWs were also infected though there was no mortality among this group. The results suggest higher mortality in cancer patients despite following the guidelines and protocols. © 2022, The Author(s).
Carcinoma of the gallbladder - Is it a sequel of typhoid?
(2000) Vijay K. Shukla; Harbans Singh; Manoj Pandey; S.K. Upadhyay; Gopal Nath
Gallbladder diseases, including carcinoma, are common in the northern part of India and so are Salmonella typhi infection and typhoid carrier state. This study was aimed to find out the association of typhoid carrier state in patients with cholelithiasis, carcinoma of the gallbladder, and controls. The three groups are comparable in age and sex composition. This is the first study of its kind from an area of high endemicity for both typhoid infection and carcinoma of the gallbladder. A case-control study was carried out to detect typhoid carrier state among the patients with biliary diseases and healthy controls, using indirect haemagglutination assay measuring antibodies against highly purified S. typhi Vi polysaccharide antigen. A significantly high Vi positivity was observed in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (29.4%) compared to controls (5%) (χ2 6.325, P < 0.004, OR = 7.19) and patients with cholelithiasis (10.7%) (χ2 = 5.066, P < 0.01, OR = 3.86). There is 8.47 times more risk of developing carcinoma of the gallbladder in culture-positive typhoid carriers than the non-carriers. The present study suggests the typhoid carrier state to be one of the possible mechanisms of gallbladder carcinogenesis.
Carcinoma of the gallbladder presenting as scalp tumour
(W.B. Saunders Ltd, 1998) Manoj Pandey; Nakul C. Aryya; Satyajit Pradhan; A.K. Asfhana; Amitabh Gautam; Vijay K. Shukla
Carcinoma of the gallbladder is characterized by rapid tumour growth associated with lymphatic and local tumour invasion. The peritoneum, GIT and lungs are common sites of seeding. Distant metastasis to bone rarely occurs. Here we document a case of silent gallbladder carcinoma presenting as scalp tumour with improved survival.
Carcinoma of the gallbladder: A retrospective review of 99 cases
(2001) Manoj Pandey; Alok K. Pathak; Amitabh Gautam; Nakul C. Aryya; Vijay K. Shukla
Since the first description of the carcinoma of the gallbladder, about two centuries ago, this disease has evaded all attempts at early detection and a potential cure. There are only a few studies involving the Indian population, which has a high incidence of gallbladder cancer. Indians are ethnically and culturally different from their Western counterparts, for whom the incidence of this disease is comparatively low. The present study was conducted prospectively on 99 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder of 736 patients with biliary diseases admitted to one surgical unit at the University Hospital. The staging, histological type, and grade were correlated with the clinical outcome. Abdominal pain (82.8%) and abdominal mass (73.7%) were the main presenting features. The diagnosis was obtained by ultrasonography (USG) in 93 of 99 cases and confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in 70 patients. Ultrasonography, however, was found to be inadequate for accurate staging of the disease. Based on the TNM classification, 3 (3.0%), 12 (12.1%), 14 (14.1%), 12 (12.1%), and 58 (58.6%) patients had stage 0, I, II, III, and IV disease, with a corresponding mean survival of 28.3, 13.8, 7.5, 5.2, and 3.7 months, respectively. Carcinoma of the gallbladder is difficult to diagnose early due to its vague symptomatology. A high index of suspicion and health education seem to be the only answers available for early detection and improvement of survival.
Carcinoma of the gallbladder: Role of sonography in diagnosis and staging
(2000) Manoj Pandey; Bimal P. Sood; Ram C. Shukla; Nakul C. Aryya; Shailesh Singh; Vijay K. Shukla
Purpose. In an attempt to define the sonographic characteristics of gallbladder cancer, we retrospectively analyzed the sonographic findings in 203 cases of gallbladder cancer confirmed by cytology or histopathology. Patients and Methods. Patients with proven gallbladder cancer presenting to a single surgical unit between 1991 and 1995 were identified through a records search. All patients underwent sonographic examination followed by fine- needle aspiration (FNA), biopsy, or laparotomy for establishing the diagnosis. Results. A mass in the gallbladder and gallbladder wall thickening (> 12 mm) were cardinal sonographic findings of carcinoma. Liver infiltration was correctly identified in all patients who had it. Sonography was highly accurate for detecting mass lesions, gallstones, liver infiltration, metastasis, and ascites. However, visualization of lymph nodes, common bile duct infiltration, and peritoneal dissemination was poor. Conclusions. Sonography was found to be a good diagnostic tool for carcinoma of the gallbladder; however, its sensitivity was poor for staging nodal spread of the disease. (C) 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Cardiff repair of incisional hernia: A University hospital experience
(1998) Vijay K. Shukla; Anurag Gupta; Harbans Singh; Manoj Pandey; Amitabh Gautam
Objective: To analyse our results of the 'Cardiff' (far and near) repair in incisional hernias. Design: Prospective study. Setting: University hospital, Varanasi, India. Subjects: 50 patients who presented with incisional hernias between January 1990 and December 1994. Intervention: Interrupted far-and-near sutures inserted after excision of the sac. The contents were pushed into the abdomen and the peritoneum sutured with non- absorable polypropylene (prolene). Main Outcome Measures: Early and late morbidity. Six patients developed postoperative complications (wound infection, n = 3; flap necrosis, n = 2; and wound sinus, n = 1). No patient has been lost to follow up and there have been no signs of recurrence after a mean follow up of 52 months. Conclusion: The meticulous application of this simple surgical technique has low morbidity and is cost effective. We recommend it for small and medium size defects.
Caring for cancer patients in the Covid pandemic: Choosing between the devil and deep sea
(BioMed Central, 2020) Mainak Chakraborty; Manoj Pandey
Background: Healthcare is an essential service at any time more so in the crisis like Covid. With increase in number of cases and mortality from Covid, the primary focus is shifted to the management of the Covid crisis and other health emergencies thus affecting normal health services and routine treatment of other diseases like cancer. Methods: This article reviews the published literature and guidelines on Covid and cancer and discusses them to optimize the care of cancer patients during Covid pandemic to improve treatment outcomes. Results: The results of the review of published literature show a twofold increase in probability of getting CoV2 infection by the cancer patients and a four-fold increase in chance of death. On the other hand, if left untreated a 20% increase in cancer death is expected. Data further show that none of the medicines like remdesivir, hydroxy chloroquin, dexamethasone, or azithromycin improves survival and response to Covid in cancer patients. Surgical results too show similar outcome before and after the pandemic though most of these report on highly selected patients populations. Conclusions: The Covid 2019 pandemic places cancer patients in a very difficult situation wherein if they seek treatment, they are exposing themselves to a risk of developing CoV2 infection and if they do not, the probability of dying without treatment increases. Hence, for them it is a choice between the devil and deep sea, and it is for the healthcare providers to triage patients and treat who cannot wait even though the data from the carefully selected cohort of patients show no increase in mortality or morbidity from treatment during Covid. © 2020 The Author(s).
Chemotherapeutic drugs and gallbladder cancer: Market potential in India
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Ruhi Dixit; Manoj Pandey; Punam Pandey; V.K. Shukla
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most fatal cancer of the biliary tract with poor prognosis. Silent in its infancy, this malignancy remains asymptomatic until aggressive disease has progressed to an advanced and non-curative stage. The overall mean survival rate for patients with GBC is less than 6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 5% with a high relapse rate. Treatment depends upon the stage of disease, patient’s age, nutritional status, performance status, and cardiopulmonary, hepatic, and renal functions. Complete surgical resection is considered the most curative modality for GBC. Chemotherapy has recently shown its effect on gallbladder cancer. Therapeutic agents, targeting cellular and molecular pathways, can effectively impede tumor growth. Newer drugs are being developed that work which target specific parts of cancer cells or their surrounding environments like tumor blood vessels. This chapter discusses market of chemotherapeutic drugs in India and market drives and government initiatives for the promotion of pharmaceutical sector in India with special emphasis on GBC. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.