Browsing by Author "Mathura Rai"

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Antioxidant phytochemicals in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata)
(2006) Jagdish Singh; A.K. Upadhyay; A. Bahadur; B. Singh; K.P. Singh; Mathura Rai
Eighteen different cabbage cultivars were assayed for variability between the cultivars for the antioxidant phytonutrients. The Vitamin C content ranged from 5.66 to 23.50 mg/100 g fresh weight. The maximum Vitamin C content was recorded in cultivar Sprint Ball (23.50 mg/100 g), followed by cv. Gungaless (12.86 mg/100 g). The β-carotene content in cabbage ranged from 0.009 to 0.124 mg/100 g fresh weight. The maximum β-carotene content was recorded in cv. Quisto (0.124 mg/100 g), followed by Green Challenger (0.115 mg/100 g) and Rare Ball (0.114 mg/100 g). The minimum values for β-carotene was noted in cv. Pusa Mukta (0.009 mg/100 g). Lutein content was also recorded in the cabbage cultivars, which ranged from 0.021 to 0.258 mg/100 g fresh weight. Maximum lutein content was recorded in Quisto (0.258 mg/100 g) and minimum in Pusa Mukta (0.021 mg/100 g). Vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol) was estimated only in 14 cabbage cultivars, which ranged from 0.030 to 0.509 mg/100 g fresh weight. Maximum α-tocopherol content was recorded in Rare Ball (0.509 mg/100 g) and minimum in Green Cornell (0.030 mg/100 g). Total phenol content was also estimated only in 14 cultivars and the values ranged from 12.58 to 34.41 mg/100 g fresh weight. Amongst the three different cultivated forms of cabbage, red cabbage had higher Vitamin C (24.38 mg/100 g), dl-α-tocopherol (0.261 mg/100 g) and phenolic content (101.30 mg/100 g) as compared to the white cabbage and savoy cabbage. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Detection and frequency of recombination in tomato-infecting begomoviruses of South and Southeast Asia
(2007) H.C. Prasanna; Mathura Rai
Background. Tomato-infecting begomoviruses are widely distributed across the world and cause diseases of high economic impact on wide range of agriculturally important crops. Though recombination plays a pivotal role in diversification and evolution of these viruses, it is currently unknown whether there are differences in the number and quality of recombination events amongst different tomato-infecting begomovirus species. To examine this we sought to characterize the recombination events, estimate the frequency of recombination, and map recombination hotspots in tomato-infecting begomoviruses of South and Southeast Asia. Results. Different methods used for recombination breakpoint analysis provided strong evidence for presence of recombination events in majority of the sequences analyzed. However, there was a clear evidence for absence or low Recombination events in viruses reported from North India. In addition, we provide evidence for non-random distribution of recombination events with the highest frequency of recombination being mapped in the portion of the N-terminal portion of Rep. Conclusion. The variable recombination observed in these viruses signified that all begomoviruses are not equally prone to recombination. Distribution of recombination hotspots was found to be reliant on the relatedness of the genomic region involved in the exchange. Overall the frequency of phylogenetic violations and number of recombination events decreased with increasing parental sequence diversity. These findings provide valuable new information for understanding the diversity and evolution of tomato-infecting begomoviruses in Asia. © 2007 Prasanna and Rai; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Genetics and distribution of fertility restoration associated RAPD markers in inbreds of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(2007) Sanjeet Kumar; Vineeta Singh; Major Singh; Shubha Rai; Sanjeev Kumar; Sunil Kumar Rai; Mathura Rai
Experiments were conducted to study genetics of fertility restoration and to examine distribution of RAPD markers (OPW19800 and OPP131400) linked with fertility restoration gene (Rf) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbreds. Forty-two hot and five sweet pepper inbreds were crossed on a cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) line CCA-4261 and F1s were evaluated for fertility restoration under open field conditions. DNA of 5 plants of CCA-4261 and individual plants of 47 inbreds was isolated and PCR reaction was performed using OPW19 and OPP13 primers. The results revealed that most of the hot pepper lines posses Rf gene. The Rf gene associated two markers, viz., OPW19800 and OPP131400 were not frequently distributed in the restorer inbred lines because presence of marker bands often does not coincide with the presence of Rf gene identified in many restorer inbreds. The case specific applications of both the RAPD markers have been described. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(2006) Dangar Ram; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Mathura Rai; Gautam Kalloo
The inheritance of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and other cucurbits is well documented; however, the genetics of female sex (gynoecism) expression in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has not been described. Inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd was studied in a 100% gynoecious line (Gy263B). The F2 and testcross segregation data revealed that gynoecism in Gy263B is under the control of a single, recessive gene. Following the gene nomenclature of cucurbits, it is proposed that the gene symbol, gy-1, be assigned for the expression of gynoecism in bitter gourd. © The American Genetic Association. 2006. All rights reserved.
'Kashi Madhu': A new muskmelon cultivar with high total soluble solids
(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2008) Sudhakar Pandey; Mathura Rai; H.C. Prasanna; G. Kalloo
'Kashi Madhu' (Cucumis melo L.) is a new muskmelon cultivar released for agroecological zone IV of India comprising the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Delhi, Punjab, and Bihar. The cultivar was developed through selection from a local landrace. Plants bear androemonoecious flowers, round and yellow fruits with prominent green sutures and orange flesh color. The fruits become ready for first harvest in ≈90 days from seed sowing. The fruits have a distinct flavor and higher total soluble solids as compared with other cultivars recommended for cultivation in India after evaluation under different agroecological zones of India under the All India Coordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops. The release of this cultivar was announced at the XIII meeting of Central Sub-committee on Crop Standard Notification and Release of Varieties for Horticultural Crops.
Monogenic recessive resistance to Pepper leaf curl virus in an interspecific cross of Capsicum
(Elsevier, 2014) Ved Prakash Rai; Rajesh Kumar; Sheo Pratap Singh; Sanjay Kumar; Sanjeet Kumar; Major Singh; Mathura Rai
Pepper leaf curl disease is a serious threat to pepper production. Resistant sources based on field screening breakdown when virus pressure is severe. The lack of advanced screening techniques for Pepper leaf curl virus (PepLCV) limits the search for true sources of resistance. We standardized an artificial microcage inoculation technique and screened 22 pepper genotypes. Two earlier reported highly resistant sources, GKC-29 and BS-35, were confirmed, and Bhut Jolokia was identified as a new source of resistance. The inheritance study of resistance to PepLCV in a partially compatible inter-specific cross (PBC-535. ×. Bhut Jolokia) revealed monogenic recessive nature of PepLCV resistance. Bhut Jolokia may serve as a donor for the development of pepper cultivars with commercially acceptable fruit morphology and pungency. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
RAPD markers for hybrid seed purity testing in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(2007) Namrata Singh; Major Singh; Sanjeet Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Vineeta Singh; H.C. Prasanna; Mathura Rai
[No abstract available]
Sinigrin (2-Propenyl Glucosinolate) content and myrosinase activity in brassica vegetables
(2007) Jagdish Singh; Mathura Rai; A.K. Upadhyay; Kundan Prasad
Cruciferous vegetables can contribute to a healthy human diet. This may be due to the presence of the phytochemical glucosinolate. The sinigrin (2-propenyl glucosinolate) content and the myrosinase activity were estimated in edible portions of five broccoli (B. oleraceaL. var. italicaPlenck), three white cabbage (B. oleraceavar. capitataL. f. alba1 DC), two each of Chinese cabbage [B. rapaL. subsp. pekinensis(Lour.) Olsson], and cauliflower (B. oleraceaL. var. botrytisL.), and one each of Brussels sprouts (B. oleraceaL. var. gemmiferaDC.), kohlrabi (B. oleraceaL. var. gongylodesL.), red cabbage [B. oleraceavar. capitataL. f. rubra(L.) Jhell], and Savoy cabbage (B. oleraceavar. sabaudaL.). Significant differences for sinigrin (2-propenyl glucosino-late) content and myrosinase activity were recorded between Brassicasubspecies. Broccoli (3.23 mg/100 g) and Brussels sprouts (2.10 mg/ 100 g) had higher sinigrin content as compared with other Brassica vegetables. The highest myrosinase specific activity was recorded in Brussels sprouts (0.343 units/mg protein), and broccoli (0.324 units/mg protein), and the lowest myrosinase activity was for Savoy cabbage (0.036 units/mg protein) and Chinese cabbage (0.041 units/mg protein). Levels of sinigrin and myrosinase activity are dependent on the subspecies. Significant intraspecific variability for sinigrin and myrosinase activity in some of the Brassicavegetables can be utilized for selecting genotypes for the genetic improvement of such vegetables for phytochemical content through conventional breeding.
Variability of carotenes, vitamin C, E and phenolics in Brassica vegetables
(2007) Jagdish Singh; A.K. Upadhyay; Kundan Prasad; Anant Bahadur; Mathura Rai
Antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C, β-carotene, lutein, α-tocopherol, and total phenolics were estimated in fresh samples at the edible maturity stage in different genotypes of cruciferous vegetables using a reverse-phase HPLC system. Maximum mean vitamin C (52.9 mg/100 g), β-carotene (0.81 mg/100 g), lutein (0.68 mg/100 g), dl-α-tocopherol content (0.47 mg/100 g) and phenol content (63.4 mg/100 g) was recorded in broccoli. Results indicate that the cruciferous vegetables are a relatively good source of abundant antioxidants, and there is a substantial and significant variation, both within and between the subspecies, for the antioxidant phytochemicals. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Wild taxa of Okra (Abelmoschus Species): Reservoir of genes for resistance to biotic stresses
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2007) B. Singh; Mathura Rai; G. Kalloo; S. Satpathy; K.K. Pandey
Eight Abelmoschus species occur in India. out of these, A. esculentus is the only known cultivated species. A. moschatus occur as wild species and is also cultivated for its aromatic seeds, while the rest six are truly wild types. The wild species occupy diverse habitats. The species A. ficulneus and A. tuberculatus spread over semi arid tracts of north and northwestern; A. crinitus, A. manihot and A. tetraphyllus and A. pungens are found in Tarai ranges and foot hills of Himalayas; A. angulosus, A. moschatus, A. tetraphyllus are widely distributed throughout western and eastern ghats and also peninsular tracts of south while A. crinitus and A. pungens are distributed in north eastern region of India. Assessions resistance to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) in A. manihot, A. angulosus, A. crinitus and few land races of A. tetraphyllus, for okra Enation Leaf Curl Virus (oELCV) in A. crinitus, A. angulosus and A. manihot, for powdery mildew in A. tetraphyllus and A. angulosus, for Cercospora blight in A. crinitus, A. moschatus and A. angulosus and for fruit borer tolerant in A. tuberculatus have been identified at Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi during last 14 years. High level of tolerance for mites and Jassids is found in A. angulosus and A. moschatus and A. crinitus, respectively, whereas, symptomless career to jassids has been observed in few lines of A. caillei. Wild species have not been fully utilized in breeding programmes due to crossing barrier. Resistance to YVMV is not stable in the cultivated species and frequent breakdown of resistance have been observed in developed varieties so that there is an urgent need to adopt the non-conventional method of breeding programme with combination of biotechnological tools for development of pre breeding lines resistant to biotic stresses.