Browsing by Author "Md Mahtab Rashid"

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Chickpea priming with Trichoderma asperellum T42 enriches free-living nitrogen cyclers in rhizosphere and enhances nitrogen uptake in off-springs under stress
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Md Mahtab Rashid; Kumar Aditya; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Background and Aims: Trichoderma spp. are well-known plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents. However, their impact on the structural and functional aspects of rhizosphere microbiome, particularly on symbiotic and free-living nitrogen cyclers under stress, is sparsely understood in legume plants. Methods: Chickpea seeds of cultivar “JG-315” treated with Trichoderma asperellum T42 were grown under Fusarium wilt and salinity stress in parent and F1 generations. The rhizosphere bacterial population dynamics, nitrogen uptake, and expression of nitrate transporter and nodulation genes were examined. Results: The structure of rhizosphere microbiome varied differentially among the treatments across two generations. A higher population and diversity were observed under Fusarium stress, with an abundance of plant growth-promoting and pathogen-antagonistic species. Concurrently, lower population and increased halo-tolerant bacterial classes were observed under salinity stress. Lower nodulation and decreased population of chickpea-associated rhizobia were observed in Trichoderma-treated plants compared to untreated ones. Simultaneously, an increased population of free-living nitrogen fixers, upregulated nitrate transport-associated genes, and downregulated nodulation-associated genes were observed in Trichoderma-treated plants. Conclusions: The results highlight that Trichoderma differentially modulates chickpea rhizosphere microbial population and structure as per edaphic stress conditions. It also shifts the rhizosphere towards free-living nitrogen fixation by increasing the population of non-canonical nitrogen cyclers and upregulating nitrate transport-associated genes in chickpea under Fusarium wilt and salinity stress. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Comparative Study of Trichoderma BHU-1 Mediated Drought Alleviation of Susceptible and Tolerant Rice Cultivars
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Ram Nandan Yadav; Renu Yadav; Najam Waris Zaidi; Harikesh Bahadur Singh; Prashant Bisen; Md Mahtab Rashid; Sudheer Kumar Yadav
The study investigated Trichoderma-mediated morphological and biochemical responses in droughtsusceptible and tolerant rice cultivars, namely IR-64 and DRR-44, under drought-stressed and normal conditions. Various morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting. The shoot length was insignificant, while the root length was significant in droughtsusceptible DRR-44 compared to non-stressed plants. The number of roots was also significant in Trichoderma BHU-1 treated plants of both cultivars. Proline content was more substantial in drought susceptible cultivars than tolerant and similarly, lignin, TPC, PAL, and PO activities were higher in Trichoderma BHU-1 treated drought-stressed plants than in normal ones. The result revealed that Trichoderma BHU-1 treatment modulates an increase in root length, shoot length, and the total number of tillers and roots under drought conditions. It also maintained the level of phenolics in plants by upregulating the pathway thereby helping the plant to sustain drought. © The Author(s) 2025.
Detection and Diagnosis of Important Soil-Borne Diseases: An Overview
(Springer, 2022) Md Mahtab Rashid; Gagan Kumar; Saroj Belbase; Jiwan Paudel; Basavraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Dhuni Lal Yadav; Lovkush Satnami; Dawa Dolma Bhutia; Shrvan Kumar; Ankita Sarkar
Soil borne pathogens are major group of phytopathogen causing numerous soil-borne diseases. Due to their persistent behaviour, huge losses in yield have been reported. Thus, to build an effective and precise management approach, these soil-borne diseases must be detected early, quickly, and accurately. The most common methods for identifying plant diseases in the past were basically based on morphological approaches and such approaches are highly time-consuming and lab or intensive. Molecular detection techniques could address these issues with greater precision and dependability. Collection of information regarding pathogen presence through molecular approach assist in taking timely decisions for early-stage treatments and pre-plant evaluation of the fields. Nowadays, polymerase chain reaction along with high-throughput sequencing methods provides a best window to check the soil health status, in which specific conserved region present in the microbes (16s and ITS) are amplified and sequenced. However, the effect of environmental condition on dynamics of phytopathogens could be exploited to develop prediction model, which allow anticipating the attack of soil borne pathogen prior to disease establishment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Integrative Strategies for Climate-Resilient Horticulture
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2025) Aditi Eliza Tirkey; Girish Tantuway; Anwesha Dey; Md Mahtab Rashid; Omesh Kumar
The rapidly changing worldwide climate, influenced with detrimental human activities, has significantly affected horticultural crop cultivation. Plant growth, yield, and quality may be severely impacted in stress environments like salinity, low moisture availability, low to high temperature variation, and presence of heavy metal. Living organisms like viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, vectors, and nematodes may also cause reduction in yield, vigour, and productivity. Crops must modulate metabolism and activate defence mechanisms to cope with such environmental stresses for higher economic produce. A comprehensive understanding of how abiotic and biotic stresses influence horticultural crop growth, along with the mechanisms involved in mitigating these stresses, is crucial for improving crop resilience. Researchers around the world have provided a wide range of mitigation approaches where they suggested that the use of novel bio-stimulant chemicals, antimicrobial peptides, novel phyto-protectants, and PGPR enhances the resilience of crops against the environmental stresses. To understand the responses of fruit crops to stresses, studies must be initiated at the physiological level resulting in knowledge development about signalling, biochemical activities, and plant hormone responses. Additionally, research at all four ‘omics’, i.e. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics level may also be very helpful. Study about the gene regulation under abiotic and biotic stress at transcriptional and translational level may help us better understand the crops response to stresses which may be utilized for developing improved crop genotypes for climate change mitigation. Management strategies include traditional methods like pesticides, plant growth regulators, biocontrol agents, and biostimulants and crop rotation, as well as modern technologies like biological control, integrated pest management, technologies particularly precision agriculture, genomics, MAS, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection (GS), transformation of gene, gene editing, nano-biotechnology, and artificial intelligence based technologies offer innovative stress control solutions and predictive modelling capabilities, thereby reshaping biotic and abiotic stress management by optimizing resource use and early stress detection. This knowledge could help develop new approaches to enhance crop durability and output for sustainable horticulture. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Metatranscriptomics: A Recent Advancement to Explore and Understand Rhizosphere
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Raina Bajpai; Jhumishree Meher; Md Mahtab Rashid; Devyani Lingayat
In this terrestrial ecosystem, plant is the major creator. With the help of composite root system, they use soil resources. Here the role of rhizosphere comes into consideration which keeps intact the varied microbial communities which eventually affects biogeochemical cycling, plant health and nutrition. But the minutes of mechanisms of plant–microbe interaction is still not explored properly. Thus, it is required to advance new experimental approach adapted to these microorganisms to unveil functional diversity of microbes and the actions they perform in situ in the soil because of various ecological limitations. One of the recent approaches developed for microorganisms is metatranscriptomics. It helps in characterization of genome in community and also explores gene expression patterns. This approach is thus helpful to develop another comprehension on the components that administer plant–organism communications in the rhizosphere. This chapter comprises review on different metatranscriptomics approaches to explore microbial community transcriptomes. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Re-vitalizing of endophytic microbes for soil health management and plant protection
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Arpan Mukherjee; Shiuly Bhowmick; Shweta Yadav; Md Mahtab Rashid; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Jeetendra Kumar Vaishya; Jay Prakash Verma
Soil health management and increase crop productivity are challenging issues for researchers and scientists. Many research publications have given multiple technological solutions for improving soil health and crop productivity but main problem is sustainability of those technologies under field condition and different agro-climatic zone. Due to the random industrialization, deforestation, mining and other environmental factor reduce soil fertility and human health. Many alternative options e.g., crop rotation, green manuring, integrated farming, biofertilizer (plant-growth-promoting microorganism, microbial consortium of rhizosphere soils), and vermicomposting are available for adapting and improving the soil heath and crop productivity by farmers. Recent trends of new research dimension for sustainable agriculture, endophytic microbes and its consortium is one of the better alternative for increasing crop productivity, soil health and fertility management. However, current trends are focuses on the endophytic microbes, which are present mostly in all plant species. Endophytic microbes are isolated from plant parts—root, shoot, leaf, flower and seeds which have very potential ability of plant growth promotion and bio-controlling agent for enhancing plant growth and development. Mostly plant endophytes showed multi-dimensional (synergistic, mutualistic, symbiotic etc.) interactions within the host plants. It promotes the plant growth, protects from pathogen, and induces resistance against biotic and abiotic environmental stresses, and improves the soil fertility. Till date, most of the scientific research has been done on assuming that interaction of plant endophytes with the host is similar like the plant-growth-promoting microorganism (PGPM). It would be very interesting to explore the functional properties of plant endophytes to modulate the essential gene expression during biotic and abiotic stresses. Endophytes have the ability to induce the soil fertility by improving soil essential nutrient, enzymatic activity and influence the other physiochemical property. In this study, we have discussed details about functional properties of plant endophytes and their mechanism for enhancing plant productivity and soil health and fertility management under climate-resilient agricultural practices. Our main objective is to promote and explore the beneficial plant endophytes for enhancing sustainable agricultural productivity. © 2021, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
Salt stress alters pathogenic behaviour of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and contributes to severity in chickpea wilt incidence
(Academic Press, 2021) Anupam Maharshi; Md Mahtab Rashid; Basavaraj Teli; Sudheer Kumar Yadav; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Soil salinity is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses whereas wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is the major biotic stress in chickpea. We carried out an experiment to understand the mechanism of wilt development in chickpea (cv. JG-62) by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris isolate 49 (Foc-49) in soil under salinity (NaCl) stress. High NaCl concentration had a negative influence on chickpea seed germination and growth while positively influenced mycelial growth and sporulation in Foc-49. Increased mycelial growth, mycelial biomass, sporulation, and microconidial production was observed in Foc-49 cultured in high NaCl concentrations. Similarly, at higher NaCl concentrations either extensive root colonization by Foc-49 or severe rotting of the roots was observed in plants challenged with or without Foc-49, respectively. In contrast, Foc-49 alone without NaCl caused extensive browning of the chickpea roots initially and rotting at a later stage. Mortality of chickpea plants was also high in the combined treatment of Foc-49 and NaCl. Additionally, results from the virulence study showed that G-protein and MAP kinase-mediated signalling were active in Foc-49 while interacting with the JG-62 plants under NaCl stress. Moreover, up-regulation of the SNF1, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and fusaric acid biosynthesis genes and down-regulation of the SIX effector genes in Foc-49 during interaction with the chickpea plants under NaCl stress indicate that soil salinity promotes growth in Fusarium sp. and push the pathogen to shift its pathogenic lifestyle towards the necrotrophic state by-passing the hemibiotrophic state. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Secondary metabolites of Metarhizium spp. and Verticillium spp. and their agricultural applications
(Springer Singapore, 2019) R.N. Yadav; Md Mahtab Rashid; N.W. Zaidi; Rahul Kumar; Harikesh Bahadur Singh
Fungi have been recommended as agents for the biological control of insects for over a century, but their use remains particularly limited. As with numerous microorganisms, an entomopathogenic fungus from genera Metarhizium and Verticillium produces several metabolites. While these compounds are a conspicuous feature of the biology of the producing fungi, their roles in pathogenicity and other relations with their hosts and challenging microbes are not well understood. Insect pathogenic fungi are effective in controlling the occurrence of certain populations of soil pests with varied type of action and virulence. The fungi have evolved mechanisms for adhesion and recognition of host surface cues that help in direct adaptive response including the production of hydrolytic, assimilatory and detoxifying enzymes and additional metabolites that facilitate infection in insect pests. However, entomopathogenic fungi are a chief component of integrated pest management and form an integrated part of mycoinsecticide in agriculture. Entomopathogenic fungi are considered as an effective biocontrol agent against various plant pests. Therefore, in this book chapter, we discussed the role of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium and Verticillium for the management of the insect pests in agricultural ecosystem. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Transgenerational Plant Immunity in Plant Disease Management
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Md Mahtab Rashid; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Ankita Sarkar; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Plants have the potentiality to transfer the message of threat to their offspring. Plants adopt such mechanisms probably due to the fact that the infants and the younger ones are particularly viewed to be vulnerable to the detrimental effects of the environment. Plants can pass on such messages to the next generation through their seeds. Parents use mostly three mechanisms that are present at disposal to the higher organisms to start and sustain the epigenetic gene regulation such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Plants may be induced to bring out epigenetic modifications for their signature stress memories through a process known as “priming.” Priming can induce epigenetic modifications in plants to face both biotic and abiotic stresses and the same can be passed on to their modifications. Therefore, transgenerational epigenetics is seen as a future strategy to combat both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.