Browsing by Author "Md. Mahtab Rashid"

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A review of diagnostic methods for rice fungal pathogens
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Basavaraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Jhumishree Meher
Advancement in the diagnosis of rice fungal diseases helps in the rapid detection of disease-causal agents which play a strategic role in managing the disease. Various diagnosis techniques, that is, symptomatic-based, serological, molecular, and biosensor are developed over the period for the diagnosis of fungal pathogens and performing well with appropriate scientific evidences and accuracy to identify rice disease. Adaptation of such techniques in rice crop protection can help in early diagnosis and overcome the crop loss to increase the economics of the farmer. Hence, this chapter summarizes the available techniques best suited for the diagnosis of rice fungal pathogens. © 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Beneficial Microorganisms for Stable and Sustainable Agriculture
(Connect Journal, 2021) Gagan Kumar; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Satyabrata Nanda
There is immense pressure on farmers to increase crop production for which they injudiciously use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides without thinking about their adverse environmental impact. Apart from affecting the health of the environment and humans, the increased application of synthetic fertilizers also lowers the profit due to their cost. As a result, an agricultural production approach that is environmentally friendly, cost effective, and can increase yield and profitability simultaneously is required. The use of beneficial microbes helps both crop and the soil through a variety of complex methods such as biological fixation of nitrogen, systematic resistance development, antibiotic synthesis, siderophores, organic acids, growth hormones, enzymes, and many others. Some of the commonly used beneficial microorganisms in agriculture belong to the genus Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, Cyanobacteria, Streptomyces, Mycorrhizae, etc. The incorporation of these beneficial microbes with modern production techniques can certainly help in improving agricultural production worldwide. This article discusses in brief the benefits of these microorganisms in agricultural production and the mechanisms underlying those benefits. © 2021 KRF. All Rights Reserved.
Current understanding of plant-microbe interaction through the lenses of multi-omics approaches and their benefits in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier GmbH, 2022) Deepti Diwan; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Anukool Vaishnav
The success of sustainable agricultural practices has now become heavily dependent on the interactions between crop plants and their associated microbiome. Continuous advancement in high throughput sequencing platforms, omics-based approaches, and gene editing technologies has remarkably accelerated this area of research. It has enabled us to characterize the interactions of plants with associated microbial communities more comprehensively and accurately. Furthermore, the genomic and post-genomic era has significantly refined our perspective toward the complex mechanisms involved in those interactions, opening new avenues for efficiently deploying the knowledge in developing sustainable agricultural practices. This review focuses on our fundamental understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the contribution of existing multi-omics approaches, including those under active development and their tremendous success in unraveling different aspects of the complex network between plant hosts and microbes. In addition, we have also discussed the importance of sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture and the associated outstanding challenges ahead. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
Epigenetic regulation of salinity stress responses in cereals
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Md. Mahtab Rashid; Anukool Vaishnav; Rakesh Kumar Verma; Pradeep Sharma; P. Suprasanna; R.K. Gaur
Cereals are important crops and are exposed to various types of environmental stresses that affect the overall growth and yield. Among the various abiotic stresses, salt stress is a major environmental factor that influences the genetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of cereal crops. Epigenetic regulation which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodelling plays an important role in salt stress tolerance. Recent studies in rice genomics have highlighted that the epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore can be considered as molecular signatures. An epigenetic mechanism under salinity induces phenotypic responses involving modulations in gene expression. Association between histone modification and altered DNA methylation patterns and differential gene expression has been evidenced for salt sensitivity in rice and other cereal crops. In addition, epigenetics also creates stress memory that helps the plant to better combat future stress exposure. In the present review, we have discussed epigenetic influences in stress tolerance, adaptation, and evolution processes. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of salinity could help for designing salt-tolerant varieties leading to improved crop productivity. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Manoeuvring Soil Microbiome and Their Interactions: A Resilient Technology for Conserving Soil and Plant Health
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Md. Mahtab Rashid; Nishar Akhtar; Basavaraj Teli; Raina Bajpai; Anukool Vaishnav
The soil microbial community hugely affects the growth and development of the plants through direct or indirect interactions. The rhizospheric microbial community dwelling in the soil are major drivers of this phenomenon. Manipulation of soil microbial population and community through various treatments of an array of beneficial microbes such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, plant growth-promoting fungi, endophytic bacteria, biocontrol agents, etc. helps in alleviating various abiotic and biotic stresses of the plants. This, in turn, leads to the achievement of the yield which is close to the potential yield of the crop. Apart from increasing the yield of the crop, some of the beneficial microbes also enhance the nutrient content in the soil and availability of certain minerals to the plants eventually leading to conservation of soil health. Thus, manipulation of plant–soil microbiome paves the way for sustainable and green agriculture without imparting excessive monetary expenses, thereby creating increased crop production and embellishment of soil health. This chapter will so focus on the strategies and methods that are adopted to manipulate the plant–soil microbiome interactions, various mechanisms that are involved in the interactions, and the impact of this technology on the plant and soil. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
Microbes-mediated nutrient use efficiency in pulse crops
(Springer Singapore, 2019) Sudheer K. Yadav; Ratna Prabha; Vivek Singh; Raina Bajpai; Basavaraj Teli; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Birinchi K. Sarma; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
Legumes are the major crops used in crop rotation practices to maintain soil fertility. Soil fertility is maintained mainly by microorganisms associated with roots either symbiotically or asymbiotically. Microbes have capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and enhance nutrient use efficiency by using a number of strategies like phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, mineral absorption, etc. Currently, use of microbial consortium (symbiotic as well as free-living) to increase nutrition use efficiency and activation of defense systems of plants is gaining importance. Microorganisms are eco-friendly, and their use is one of the best alternates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Additionally, efforts are also being made to develop transgenic plants for increasing nutrient use efficiency. These transgenes are mostly of microbial origin. The present review focuses on enhancement of nutrient use efficiency of plants by using either individual microbe or microbes in consortium mode. The review also discusses the strategies adopted by microbes to enhance use of nutrients from soil. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
Mode of action of different microbial products in plant growth promotion
(Elsevier, 2022) Nishar Akhtar; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Shahina Perween; Gagan Kumar; Satyabrata Nanda
As we all are aware of the deleterious and ill effects of various chemical pesticides and inorganic fertilizers, the agricultural community has to move towards an alternative having a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Through various researches and plant-microbe interactions studies, we now know the roles of microbes in plant growth promotion. Microbes directly benefit the plant by solubilization and mineralization of minerals through processes like nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, heavy metal mobilization etc. The secondary metabolites produced by microbes such as IAA, cytokinin, gibberellin, kinetin, siderophores, HCN, and ACC deaminase modulates the plant physiological functions and thereby the plant’s growth. The microbial product also promotes plant growth indirectly by decreasing the inhibitory effect and suppressing various deleterious phytopathogens. In this book chapter, the major microbial product, their mechanisms and mode of action have been highlighted to comprehend their role in plant growth and development along with developing future insights. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Omics insight on fusarium head blight of wheat for translational research perspective
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Basavaraj Teli; Jyotika Purohit; Md. Mahtab Rashid; A. Abdul Kader Jailani; Anirudha Chattopadhyay
In the scenario of global warming and climate change, an outbreak of new pests and pathogens has become a serious concern owing to the rapid emergence of arms races, their epidemic infection, and the ability to break down host resistance, etc. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one such evidence that depredates major cereals throughout the world. The symptomatological perplexity and aetiological complexity make this disease very severe, engendering significant losses in the yield. Apart from qualitative and quantitative losses, mycotoxin production solemnly deteriorates the grain quality in addition to life endangerment of humans and animals after consumption of toxified grains above the permissible limit. To minimize this risk, we must be very strategic in designing sustainable management practices constituting cultural, biological, chemical, and host resistance approaches. Even though genetic resistance is the most effective and environmentally safe strategy, a huge genetic variation and unstable resistance response limit the holistic deployment of resistance genes in FHB management. Thus, the focus must shift towards the editing of susceptible (S) host proteins that are soft targets of newly evolving effector molecules, which ultimately could be exploited to repress the disease development process. Hence, we must understand the pathological, biochemical, and molecular insight of disease development in a nutshell. In the present time, the availability of functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics information on host-pathogen interaction in FHB have constructed various networks which helped in understanding the pathogenesis and coherent host response(s). So now translation of this information for designing of host defense in the form of desirable resistant variety/genotype is the next step. The insights collected and presented in this review will be aiding in the understanding of the disease and apprise a solution to the multi-faceted problems which are related to FHB resistance in wheat and other cereals to ensure global food safety and food security. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.
Plant growth promoting myco-stimulation for sustainable agriculture production under abiotic stress
(Elsevier, 2020) Gagan Kumar; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Raina Bajpai; Meenakshi Ranaa; Adesh Kumara; Arpan Mukherjee; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Abiotic stresses are challenging problem in agriculture crop production and can occur from a limit of an essential resource, due to change in environmental condition and excess amounts of toxic substances. The common adverse environmental conditions, namely, salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity, heat, cold, and oxidative stress, affect production and productivity of crop worldwide. Beneficial microbes are cost efficient and climate friendly that can be used to control abiotic stresses and to improve plant health for better yield. However, most of the work with beneficial microbes is checked only in controlled condition. So, there is need to use these microbes under field condition for the management of abiotic stresses. Microorganisms increase tolerance in plant against abiotic stresses and are very effective tool in agriculture. Fungi that are responsible for plant growth promotion can alleviate impact of abiotic stresses effectively. Two types of soil fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma spp. can be considered effective natural plants stimulants. Generally, most of the experiment and investigations showed that these fungi are safe and also effective for use as natural remedies devoted to agriculture production. Fungi used as natural stress management are favorable with recent tendency of environmental conservation and crop and food production. Here, in this chapter, we described the agronomical, physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions that provide tolerance to salinity, drought, temperature, and nutrient deficiency stresses in mycostimulant plants. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Role of fungi in the agricultural sector and its prospects in soil restoration
(Elsevier, 2020) Raina Bajpai; Md. Mahtab Rashid
Food security is a major issue in today’s era of exploding population, creating a huge pressure on agriculture to meet their demands. These extensive demands have led to excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which ultimately caused degradation of soil health, prompting an urgent need of implementing environment-friendly technologies for their restoration. Utilization of beneficial fungi in the agricultural sector is highly suitable as it can aid in the sustainable management approach. Many fungi are well known to improve plant health and growth along with acting as a biocontrol agent. Additionally, they also participate in diverse physiological processes like uptake of mineral and water, photosynthesis, stomatal opening, and synthesis of biostimulants. These all help plants to cope with various abiotic and anthropogenic stresses. This chapter enlightens different beneficial aspects of fungi, its mechanisms, and varied interactions in restoring soil health, thus benefitting the agriculture sector as a whole. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Suppression of Defence Signalling and Wound-Healing Responses in Chickpea by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in Salinity-Affected Soil Increases Vulnerability to Wilt Incidence
(Springer, 2023) Anupam Maharshi; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Basavaraj Teli; Dhananjaya Pratap Singh; Anita Babbar; Birinchi Kumar Sarma
Abiotic causes contribute to disease severity in several crops. The threat posed by increasing soil salinity to Fusarium wilt severity in chickpea is not thoroughly worked out. To determine the same, chickpea plants were challenged against the wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc-49) in salinity-stressed (FocNaCl) or non-stressed (Foc) soils, and the results were compared with the results from plants grown only in salinity without the pathogen (NaCl) and control (C). The antioxidant activities, G-protein-mediated defence signalling, and expression of defence genes in chickpea were enhanced in the salinity (NaCl) and suppressed in the combined treatment (FocNaCl). The defence genes in chickpea were up-regulated by 2–3 times in NaCl compared to FocNaCl indicating suppression of the defence responses by the pathogen Foc-49. Similarly, the indicators of wound-healing responses in chickpea roots were also suppressed in FocNaCl that were otherwise up-regulated in NaCl. Additionally, NaCl-mediated tissue damage facilitated Foc-49 colonization on chickpea roots in FocNaCl compared to Foc and resulted in severe root rotting and wilt incidence. From the results, it can be concluded that chickpea plants become more vulnerable to Fusarium wilt due to salinity-induced root tissue damage coupled with suppression of a variety of defence signals such as G-protein-mediated defence signalling and wound-healing responses. The results also highlight the potential threats posed by increasing soil salinity to diseases like Fusarium wilt in crops. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Techniques used to detect the presence of nanoparticles in treated plant tissues
(Elsevier, 2022) Raina Bajpai; Nidhi Rai; Basavaraj Teli; Md. Mahtab Rashid; Shivam Singh; Gagan Kumar
Nanotechnology is a miracle tool of modern science which covers almost every aspect of human needs from medicines, cosmetics, electronics, energy applications, environmental remediation and many more. It’s another potential is in sector of agriculture where it suggests to be one of the best substitutes of chemical pesticides. In the recent past, nanotechnology application in phytopathology like utilization of nanoparticles singly as nanoparticles, as protectants. Nanoparticles (NPs) are categorized due to their minute dimension, i.e., < 100nm besides greater surface area consisting definite physicochemical features like strength, electrical, and optical properties. NPs are formed naturally or via human made either engineered or randomly. These increasing uses have enhanced concerns regarding their influences on ecosystems, food safety and on health of living being, their interaction with crop plants. Thus, a complete knowledge regarding plant-NP interaction and their presence in plant after treatment is necessary for precise threat valuation to confirm the harmless usage of nanoparticle. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.