Browsing by Author "Mohammad A. Niaz"

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Dietary Fiber and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
(Elsevier Inc., 2017) Divya R. Gunashekar; Ram B. Singh; Mohammad A. Niaz; Anand R. Shewale; Toru Takahashi; Anil K. Chauhan; Ravi P. Singh
Mortality and morbidity due to heart diseases is decreasing in developed countries due to healthy diet and lifestyle, whereas in developing countries, it is rapidly increasing due to unhealthy diets and lifestyle. Healthy diets are rich in plant foods and majority of the plant foods are rich in fiber. Vegetables, whole grains, fruits, and legumes are rich sources of fibers. Soluble fibers have been considered more useful compared to insoluble fibers. Dietary fibers are known to have hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antihypertensive effects indicating that fiber intake may be protective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and hypertension, as well as diabetes. In a meta-analysis, 22 cohort study publications met inclusion criteria. Total dietary fiber intake, fiber subtypes, or fiber from food sources and primary events of CVDs or CAD were considered important. Total dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of CVD including CAD. Observed heterogeneity between pooled studies for CVD and CAD were apparent. Insoluble fiber and fiber from cereal and vegetable sources were inversely associated with risk of CAD and CVD. Fruit fiber intake as part of Mediterranean style diet was also inversely associated with risk of CVD. It is possible that increased consumption of dietary fiber may be associated with a lower risk of both CVD and CAD. These results support the general recommendations to increase fiber intake for prevention of CVDs. The mechanism could be that fiber inhibit the absorption of fat from the gut but recently dietary fiber has been demonstrated to be beneficial for gut microbiome. The differing strengths of association by fiber type or source highlight the need for a better understanding of the mode of action of fiber components and the effects of fiber on other targets, which indirectly control CVDs. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage renal failure
(2003) Ram B. Singh; Adarsh Kumar; Mohammad A. Niaz; Rana G. Singh; Saurabh Gujrati; Vijaya P. Singh; Mandavi Singh; Udaj P. Singh; Charu Taneja; Shanti S. Rastogi
Background: Free radical damage in conjunction with antioxidant deficiency has been observed in patients with chronic renal failure. In this larger study, we report whether treatment with antioxidant coenzyme Q10 can decrease progression or reverse chronic renal dysfunction and delay the need for dialysis. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 vs. placebo for a period of 12 weeks. Subjects and Methods: All patients with proven chronic renal failure with a history of declining renal function for at least the last 12 weeks were stratified into haemodialysis or no dialysis and blindly randomly divided into coenzyme Q10 (n = 48) and control (n = 49) subgroups with the help of computer-generated numbers. Results: Both coenzyme Q groups showed a significant decline in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and a significant increase in creatinine clearance and urine output compared with the placebo groups on dialysis and no dialysis over the 12 weeks of the trial, whereas the baseline values of these characteristics showed no significant difference between the concerned subgroups. The frequency of dialysis and the proportion of subjects taking dialysis were not significantly different at entry to the study. However, after 12 weeks, the number of subjects taking dialysis was significantly less in the antioxidant subgroup than the placebo subgroup (12 vs. 24; p < 0.02). Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugates and malondialdehyde, indicators of oxidative damage, showed a significant reduction whereas antioxidant vitamins E and C and beta-carotene showed a significant increase in the antioxidant subgroups compared with the control groups. After 12 weeks of follow-up, all patients were alive. Conclusions: Treatment with coenzyme Q10 reduces serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and increases creatinine clearance and urine output in patients with chronic renal failure. This treatment also decreases the need for dialysis in patients on chronic dialysis. Approximately one-fifth of the patients showed no response to treatment.