Browsing by Author "Mohd Yaseen"

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Exploring anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential of Aspergillus flavus, a fungal endophyte isolated from Dillenia indica leaf callus
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Mohd Yaseen; Renu Kushwaha; Madhavenda Shukla; Pratima Chaudhary; Partha Pratim Manna; Aparna Singh; I. C. Tiwari; Gopal Nath; Nishi Kumari
Background: Endophytic fungi represent a compelling assemblage of microorganisms that inhabit plant tissues without inflicting any discernible detriment to the host organism. They foster a symbiotic association with their host plants, frequently conferring advantages such as augmented growth, enhanced resilience to stressors, and safeguarding against pathogens. Study design: Dillenia indica is a medicinal tree of Dilleniaceae. This study aims to isolate and identify the fungi growing as a contaminant in leaf callus. For the identification, both morphological observation and molecular methods were used. The presence of secondary metabolites in different fungal extracts were observed by FTIR and High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy (HRAMS) methods. Different biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor) of fungal extracts were assessed. Methods: For callus initiation, leaf tissues of Dillenia indica were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with BAP (1mgl-1) and NAA (1mgl-1) plant growth regulators. To raise pure cultures of endophyte, fungal hyphae were isolated from the contaminated cultures and were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. For molecular identification, genomic DNA (gDNA) was isolated from fungal mycelia. Internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS4) were used to amplify the conserved ITS region of the fungal gDNA. Previously deposited sequences in the Gene bank were used for the identification and making of phylogenetic tree. Antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential of fungal extracts were studied. Results: The endophyte was identified as Aspergillus flavus. FTIR study showed the presence of diverse types of secondary metabolites in fungal extract. A significant presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, etc. was observed by High-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy analysis (HRAMS) of fungal extract. Endophyte extract prepared in chloroform showed both antioxidant (IC50 430.23) and antibacterial (maximum inhibition of E. coli:15 ± 0.62 mm) potential compared to other solvents. Cell viability decreased at high concentrations of endophyte extract prepared in chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. Fungal extract prepared in ethyl acetate showed considerable cytotoxicity and growth inhibition of DL tumor cells. Conclusion: In the present study, isolated endophyte of Dillenia indica showed high occurrence of secondary metabolites. Fungal extracts showed antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. As, endophytes are remarkable source of active constituents, there is a great need to explore such endophytes. Their extensive studies are required to develop an alternative of plant less production of valuable compounds. © 2025 The Authors
Heavy Metals Effect on Photosynthesis in the Plants
(CRC Press, 2025) Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Ashish Gupta; Mohd Yaseen; Renu Kushwaha
The environment's most vital component is heavy metals. Soil contaminated by heavy metals indicates a rise in both anthropogenic and geological activities. They harm plant growth and metabolism, particularly photosynthesis. The general relationship between heavy metal toxicity and photosynthesis is that metals can cause structural and functional changes to plants’ photosynthetic machinery. CO2 fixation is greatly impacted by heavy metals because photosynthesis is sensitive to them. Studies on photosynthetic pigments revealed that heavy metals harmed the plants’ regular photosynthetic processes. In general, the majority of heavy metals investigated demonstrated inhibition against PS II; in contrast, PS I is less sensitive. Heavy metals typically exert their effects at PS II's oxidizing site. Enzyme activity or photophosphorylation is additional potential site of inhibition. Heavy metals immediately cause stomatal closure and chloroplastic alterations. Extended exposure causes decreased photosynthetic pigments, cooled chloroplast structure, slower leaf growth, and decreased CO2 assimilation enzyme activity. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Subhash Chandra, and Radha Rani; individual chapters, the contributors.
In Vitro Cultures: Challenges and Limitations
(Springer Nature, 2023) Nishi Kumari; Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Renu Kushwaha; Mohd Yaseen
Plant tissue culture provides an effective system for large scale production of plants. Several rare and threatened plants have been conserved through this technique. It plays pivotal role in the production of hybrids, cybrids, genetically engineered plants, disease-free plants, somaclones, and bioactive compounds, etc. It has several industrial applications. Plant cells are miniature factories of chemicals and in vitro cultures can be successfully used for cost-effective and eco-friendly production of such chemicals. For its commercial application, there is need to identify various issues of tissue culture and scientists should give the proper solution in handling such issues. ©The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023
Toxic Effects of Arsenic on Plants and Their Mechanism of Action
(CRC Press, 2025) Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey; Mohd Yaseen; Renu Kushwaha
Arsenic contamination in the environment is a significant concern with far-reaching ecological and human health implications. While the toxic effects of arsenic on humans and animals have been extensively studied, its impact on plants, which serve as a critical link in terrestrial ecosystems, is less well understood. Arsenic, a metalloid, exists in various oxidation states and can be found naturally in soil and water. Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, industrial processes, and the use of arsenic-based pesticides, have exacerbated its presence in the environment. Arsenic accumulation in plant tissues occurs primarily through the roots, leading to a range of detrimental effects on plant physiology. This chapter discusses how arsenic disrupts various biochemical processes in plants, leading to reduced plant growth and decreased crop yields. We also discuss how plants employ various strategies to tolerate or detoxify arsenic, allowing some plant species to survive and even thrive in arsenic-contaminated environments. Understanding these adaptive responses is crucial for phytoremediation efforts aimed at removing arsenic from contaminated soils. The toxic effects of arsenic on plants are a complex and multifaceted issue with significant implications for ecosystems and human well-being. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Subhash Chandra, and Radha Rani; individual chapters, the contributors.