Browsing by Author "Mohd. Imran"

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Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah; Shailendra Singh; Mohd. Imran; Neelam Pathak; Manzar Alam; Jai P. Rai; Rajiv K. Singh; B.K. Sarma; P.K. Sharma; Arun K. Sharma
Cell wall is one of the first lines of defence used by plants to restrict invading fungal pathogens. Lignin is a complex polymer of hydroxylated and methoxylated phenylpropane units (monolignols). Cell wall lignification can establish mechanical barriers to pathogen invasion and renders the cell wall more resistant to pathogen attack. Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is demonstrated and the details are being shared through this paper. Twelve rhizospheric microbial strains were tested against Bipolaris sorokiniana under in vitro condition on dual plate. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 and Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana and was used in further in planta assay. These selected antagonists were tested alone and in combination for induction of phenylpropanoid cascade in wheat infected with B. sorokiniana. Results showed that plants co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 up-regulated the phenylpropanoid cascade and manifold increase was recorded in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, chitinase and other enzymes related to induced systemic resistance. Results also showed that significantly higher amounts of phenolic acids viz. gallic acid, ferulic acid were accumulated in the plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 as compared to individually inoculated and uninoculated control plants. Histopathological studies showed significantly higher cell wall lignification in plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 than the plants under control. These results illustrate that microbe-mediated up-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is of critical importance for host defence against spot blotch pathogen invasion in wheat. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Earthworm grazed-trichoderma harzianum biofortified spent mushroom substrates modulate accumulation of natural antioxidants and bio-fortification of mineral nutrients in tomato
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2018) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah Khan; Shailendra Singh; N. Karthikeyan; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; B.K. Sarma; M.C. Manna; Rajan Chaurasia; Arun K. Sharma; Diby Paul; Jae-Wook Oh
The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the impact of earthworm grazed and Trichoderma harzianum biofortified spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on natural antioxidant and nutritional properties of tomato. Results of the investigation reveal that earthworm grazing and T. harzianum bio-fortification led to significant improvement in the physico-chemical properties of fresh SMS and its application increased the accumulation of natural antioxidants and mineral content in tomato as compared to either T. harzianum biofortified SMS or fresh SMS. In particular, the earthworm grazed, T. harzianum biofortified SMS (EGTHB-SMS) was found to inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation with significant increase in total polyphenol and flavonoid content in tomato. Further, it increased Fe2+/Fe3+ chelating activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity compared to other treatments. The results thus suggest an augmented elicitation of natural antioxidant properties in tomato treated with EGTHB-SMS, resulting in a higher radical scavenging activity, that is highly desirable for human health. In addition, the use of SMS to enhance the nutritional value of tomato fruits becomes an environment friendly approach in sustainable crop production. © 2018 Singh, Malviya, Khan, Singh, Karthikeyan, Imran, Rai, Sarma, Manna, Chaurasia, Sharma, Paul and Oh.
Exploring the Paradox of COVID-19 in Neurological Complications with Emphasis on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease
(Hindawi Limited, 2022) Sachchida Nand Rai; Neeraj Tiwari; Payal Singh; Anurag Kumar Singh; Divya Mishra; Mohd. Imran; Snigdha Singh; Etrat Hooshmandi; Emanuel Vamanu; Santosh K. Singh; Mohan P. Singh
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human coronavirus (HCoV) that has created a pandemic situation worldwide as COVID-19. This virus can invade human cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-based mechanisms, affecting the human respiratory tract. However, several reports of neurological symptoms suggest a neuroinvasive development of coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 can damage the brain via several routes, along with direct neural cell infection with the coronavirus. The chronic inflammatory reactions surge the brain with proinflammatory elements, damaging the neural cells, causing brain ischemia associated with other health issues. SARS-CoV-2 exhibited neuropsychiatric and neurological manifestations, including cognitive impairment, depression, dizziness, delirium, and disturbed sleep. These symptoms show nervous tissue damage that enhances the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders and aids dementia. SARS-CoV-2 has been seen in brain necropsy and isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients. The associated inflammatory reaction in some COVID-19 patients has increased proinflammatory cytokines, which have been investigated as a prognostic factor. Therefore, the immunogenic changes observed in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients include their pathogenetic role. Inflammatory events have been an important pathophysiological feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The neuroinflammation observed in AD has exacerbated the Aβ burden and tau hyperphosphorylation. The resident microglia and other immune cells are responsible for the enhanced burden of Aβ and subsequently mediate tau phosphorylation and ultimately disease progression. Similarly, neuroinflammation also plays a key role in the progression of PD. Several studies have demonstrated an interplay between neuroinflammation and pathogenic mechanisms of PD. The dynamic proinflammation stage guides the accumulation of α-synuclein and neurodegenerative progression. Besides, few viruses may have a role as stimulators and generate a cross-autoimmune response for α-synuclein. Hence, neurological complications in patients suffering from COVID-19 cannot be ruled out. In this review article, our primary focus is on discussing the neuroinvasive effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its impact on the blood-brain barrier, and ultimately its impact on the people affected with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. © 2022 Sachchida Nand Rai et al.
Harnessing biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum for control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
(Indian Phytopathological Society, 2017) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Deepti Malviya; Rajan Chaurasia; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; Arun K. Sharma
The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita and decipher mechanisms of induced systemic resistance and disease suppression in tomato grown in net house conditions. The fungal biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was evaluated against M. incognita on dual plate under in vitro conditions and in planta under nethouse conditions. The results of in vitro parasitism on dual plates showed that T. harzianum causing infection on the eggs and juveniles of root-knot nematode, whereas, in planta assay showed that plants treated with talc based bioformulation T. harzianum UBSTH-501 exhibited manifold increase in the accumulation of total chlorophyll and enzymes, viz. chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase which is known to confer systemic resistance in tomato against M. incognita resulting into decreased nematode population and disease severity. Results revealed that T. harzianum UBSTH-501modulated phenylpropanoid pathways led to enhanced accumulation of defence related mediator molecules and enzymes in tomato resulted in disease suppression to a significant extents. © Indian Phytopathological Society 2017.
Integration of anti-penetrant tricyclazole, signaling molecule salicylic acid and root associated Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances suppression of Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Springer, 2019) Udai B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Deepti Malviya; Nanjappan Karthikeyan; Mohd. Imran; Rajan Chaurasia; Manzar Alam; Pratap Singh; B.K. Sarma; Jai P. Rai; T. Damodaran; J.K. Tripathi; Sunil Kumar; Arun K. Sharma
Salicylic acid (SA) and root associated Pseudomonas fluorescens are known inducers of systemic resistance and influence plant defense responses including reprogramming of cellular mechanisms in response to biotic stress. However, integration of SA, tricyclazole and bioagent P. fluorescens in the integrated disease management practices is not clearly understood. With this rationale the present study was carried out to understand the effects of integration of an anti-penetrant tricyclazole, signaling molecule SA and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 in modulation of defense cascades and enhancing suppression of Bipolaris sorokiniana in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results showed that exogenous application of SA (100 mg L−1) alone and in combination with tricyclazole (750 mg L−1) and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 significantly increased activation and accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, β 1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in wheat leaves challenged with B. sorokiniana compared to individually treated and control plants. The influence of combined applications of SA, tricyclazole and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 on lignin content in plant leaves was investigated and it was observed that the combined treatment resulted significant increase in the acid-soluble lignin content in wheat possibly leading to enhanced suppression of disease progression and severity. Furthermore, correlation analysis clearly indicated that enhanced accumulation of lignin in plant cells significantly reduces pathogen infection and invasion of tissue leading to reduction in disease development compared to other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that combined application of SA, tricyclazole and P. fluorescens UBSPF-10 played an important role in suppression of B. sorokiniana development in wheat plants in a cooperative manner and thus, could be used in the integrated disease management practices of wheat. © 2019, Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.).
Salt‐tolerant compatible microbial inoculants modulate physio‐biochemical responses enhance plant growth, zn biofortification and yield of wheat grown in saline‐sodic soil
(MDPI, 2021) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Shailendra Singh; Prakash Singh; Abhijeet Ghatak; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; Rajiv K. Singh; Madhab Chandra Manna; Arun Kunar Sharma; Anil Kumar Saxena
A wide range of root‐associated mutualistic microorganisms have been successfully applied and documented in the past for growth promotion, biofertilization, biofortification and biotic and abiotic stress amelioration in major crops. These microorganisms include nitrogen fixers, nutrient mobilizers, bio‐remediators and bio‐control agents. The present study aimed to demonstrate the impact of salt‐tolerant compatible microbial inoculants on plant growth; Zn biofortification and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in saline‐sodic soil and insight of the mechanisms involved therein are being shared through this paper. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH‐501 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B‐16 on wheat grown in saline‐sodic soil at Research Farm, ICAR‐Indian Institute of Seed Sciences, Kushmaur, India. The population of rhizosphere‐associated microorganisms changed dramatically upon inoculation of the test microbes in the wheat rhizosphere. The co‐inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proline and total soluble sugar in wheat at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing as compared to the uninoculated control. Upon quantitative estimation of organic solutes and antioxidant enzymes, these were found to have increased significantly in co‐inoculated plants under salt‐stressed condi-tions. The application of microbial inoculants enhanced the salt tolerance level significantly in wheat plants grown in saline‐sodic soil. A significant increase in the uptake and translocation of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) was observed in wheat co‐inoculated with the microbial inoculants, while a significant reduction in sodium (Na+) content was recorded in plants treated with both the bio-agents when compared with the respective uninoculated control plants. Results clearly indicated that significantly higher expression of TaHKT‐1 and TaNHX1 in the roots enhances salt tolerance effectively by maintaining the Na+/K+ balance in the plant tissue. It was also observed that co‐inoc-ulation of the test inoculants increased the expression of ZIP transporters (2–3.5‐folds) which ulti-mately led to increased biofortification of Zn in wheat grown in saline‐sodic soil. Results suggested that co‐inoculation of T. harzianum UBSTH‐501 and B. amyloliquefaciens B‐16 not only increased plant growth but also improved total grain yield along with a reduction in seedling mortality in the early stages of crop growth. In general, the present investigation demonstrated the feasibility of using salt‐tolerant rhizosphere microbes for plant growth promotion and provides insights into plant-microbe interactions to ameliorate salt stress and increase Zn bio‐fortification in wheat. © 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Trichoderma harzianum-and methyl jasmonate-induced resistance to bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Shailendra Singh; Manoj Kumar; Pramod K. Sahu; H.V. Singh; Sunil Kumar; Manish Roy; Mohd. Imran; Jai P. Rai; A.K. Sharma; A.K. Saxena
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501-and methyl jasmonate-induced systemic resistance and their integration on the spot blotch pathogen, Bipolaris sorokiniana through enhanced phenylpropanoid activities in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was found that the application of MeJA (>100 mg L−1 ) inhibits the germination of B. sorokiniana spores under controlled laboratory conditions. To assess the effect of MeJA (150 mg L−1 ) in combination with the biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in vivo, a green house experiment was conducted. For this, biocontrol agent T. harzianum UBSTH-501 was applied as seed treatment, whereas MeJA (150 mg L−1 ) was applied 5 days prior to pathogen inoculation. Results indicated that application of MeJA (150 mg L−1 ) did not affect the root colonization of wheat by T. harzianum UBSTH-501 in the rhizosphere. The combined application of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and MeJA also enhanced indole acetic acid production in the rhizosphere (4.92 µg g−1 of soil) which in turn helps in plant growth and development. Further, the combined application found to enhance the activities of defense related enzymes viz. catalase (5.92 EU min−1 g−1 fresh wt.), ascorbate peroxidase [µmol ascorbate oxidized (mg prot)−1 min−1 ], phenylalanine ammonia lyase (102.25 µmol cinnamic acid h−1 mg−1 fresh wt.) and peroxidase (6.95 Unit mg−1 min−1 fresh wt.) significantly in the plants under treatment which was further confirmed by assessing the transcript level of PAL and peroxidase genes using semi-quantitative PCR approach. The results showed manifold increase in salicylic acid (SA) along with enhanced accumulation of total free phenolics, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the plants treated with the biocontrol agent alone or in combination with MeJA. A significant decrease in the disease severity (17.46%) and area under disease progress curve (630.32) were also observed in the treatments with biocontrol agent and MeJA in combination as compared to B. sorokiniana alone treated plant (56.95% and 945.50, respectively). Up-regulation of phenylpropanoid cascades in response to exogenous application of MeJA and the biocontrol agent was observed. It was depicted from the results that PAL is the primary route for lignin production in wheat which reduces cell wall disruption and tissue disintegration and increases suberization and lignification of the plant cell as seen by Scanning Electron microphotographs. These results clearly indicated that exogenous application of MeJA with T. harzianum inducing JA-and/or SA-dependent defense signaling after pathogen challenge may increase the resistance to spot blotch by stimulating enzymatic activities and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in a cooperative manner. This study apparently provides the evidence of biochemical cross-talk and physiological responses in wheat following MeJA and biocontrol agent treatment during the bio-trophic infection. © 2019 Singh, Malviya, Singh, Kumar, Sahu, Singh, Kumar, Roy, Imran, Rai, Sharma and Saxena.