Browsing by Author "Monika Karmin"

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Dissecting the paternal founders of Mundari (Austroasiatic) speakers associated with the language dispersal in South Asia
(Springer Nature, 2021) Prajjval Pratap Singh; Shani Vishwakarma; Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana; Arno Pilvar; Monika Karmin; Siiri Rootsi; Richard Villems; Mait Metspalu; Doron M. Behar; Toomas Kivisild; George van Driem; Gyaneshwer Chaubey
The phylogenetic analysis of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a-M95 was crucial to determine the nested structure of South Asian branches within the larger tree, predominantly present in East and Southeast Asia. However, it had previously been unclear that how many founders brought the haplogroup O2a-M95 to South Asia. On the basis of the updated Y chromosomal tree for haplogroup O2a-M95, we analysed 1437 male samples from South Asia for various novel downstream markers, carefully selected from the extant phylogenetic tree. With this increased resolution of genetic markers, we were able to identify at least three founders downstream to haplogroup O2a-M95, who are likely to have been associated with the dispersal of Austroasiatic languages to South Asia. The fourth founder was exclusively present amongst Tibeto-Burman speakers of Manipur and Bangladesh. In sum, our new results suggest the arrival of Austroasiatic languages in South Asia during last 5000 years. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Human Genetics.
The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations
(2012) Niraj Rai; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Rakesh Tamang; Ajai Kumar Pathak; Vipin Kumar Singh; Monika Karmin; Manvendra Singh; Deepa Selvi Rani; Sharath Anugula; Brijesh Kumar Yadav; Ashish Singh; Ramkumar Srinivasagan; Anita Yadav; Manju Kashyap; Sapna Narvariya; Alla G. Reddy; George van Driem; Peter A. Underhill; Richard Villems; Toomas Kivisild; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
Linguistic and genetic studies on Roma populations inhabited in Europe have unequivocally traced these populations to the Indian subcontinent. However, the exact parental population group and time of the out-of-India dispersal have remained disputed. In the absence of archaeological records and with only scanty historical documentation of the Roma, comparative linguistic studies were the first to identify their Indian origin. Recently, molecular studies on the basis of disease-causing mutations and haploid DNA markers (i.e. mtDNA and Y-chromosome) supported the linguistic view. The presence of Indian-specific Y-chromosome haplogroup H1a1a-M82 and mtDNA haplogroups M5a1, M18 and M35b among Roma has corroborated that their South Asian origins and later admixture with Near Eastern and European populations. However, previous studies have left unanswered questions about the exact parental population groups in South Asia. Here we present a detailed phylogeographical study of Y-chromosomal haplogroup H1a1a-M82 in a data set of more than 10,000 global samples to discern a more precise ancestral source of European Romani populations. The phylogeographical patterns and diversity estimates indicate an early origin of this haplogroup in the Indian subcontinent and its further expansion to other regions. Tellingly, the short tandem repeat (STR) based network of H1a1a-M82 lineages displayed the closest connection of Romani haplotypes with the traditional scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population groups of northwestern India. © 2012 Rai et al.
Unravelling the distinct strains of Tharu ancestry
(Nature Publishing Group, 2014) Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Manvendra Singh; Federica Crivellaro; Rakesh Tamang; Amrita Nandan; Kamayani Singh; Varun Kumar Sharma; Ajai Kumar Pathak; Anish M. Shah; Vishwas Sharma; Vipin Kumar Singh; Deepa Selvi Rani; Niraj Rai; Alena Kushniarevich; Anne-Mai Ilumäe; Monika Karmin; Anand Phillip; Abhilasha Verma; Erik Prank; Vijay Kumar Singh; Blaise Li; Periyasamy Govindaraj; Akhilesh Kumar Chaubey; Pavan Kumar Dubey; Alla G. Reddy; Kumpati Premkumar; Satti Vishnupriya; Veena Pande; Jüri Parik; Siiri Rootsi; Phillip Endicott; Mait Metspalu; Marta Mirazon Lahr; George Van Driem; Richard Villems; Toomas Kivisild; Lalji Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj
The northern region of the Indian subcontinent is a vast landscape interlaced by diverse ecologies, for example, the Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas. A great number of ethnic groups are found there, displaying a multitude of languages and cultures. The Tharu is one of the largest and most linguistically diverse of such groups, scattered across the Tarai region of Nepal and bordering Indian states. Their origins are uncertain. Hypotheses have been advanced postulating shared ancestry with Austroasiatic, or Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations as well as aboriginal roots in the Tarai. Several Tharu groups speak a variety of Indo-Aryan languages, but have traditionally been described by ethnographers as representing East Asian phenotype. Their ancestry and intra-population diversity has previously been tested only for haploid (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome) markers in a small portion of the population. This study presents the first systematic genetic survey of the Tharu from both Nepal and two Indian states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, using genome-wide SNPs and haploid markers. We show that the Tharu have dual genetic ancestry as up to one-half of their gene pool is of East Asian origin. Within the South Asian proportion of the Tharu genetic ancestry, we see vestiges of their common origin in the north of the South Asian Subcontinent manifested by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M43. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.