Browsing by Author "Monisha Banerjee"

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3D nanocomposites of β-TCP-H3BO3-Cu with improved mechanical and biological performances for bone regeneration applications
(Nature Research, 2025) Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Rajat Kumar Mishra; n. Shweta; Saurabh Kumar; Amreen Shamsad; Shama Parveen; Surajita Sahu; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Sachin Kumar Yadav; Monisha Banerjee; Monalisa Mishra; Neeraj Mehta; Chandkiram Gautam
Recently, 3-D porous architecture of the composites play a key role in cell proliferation, bone regeneration, and anticancer activities. The osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of β-TCP allow for the complete repair of numerous bone defects. Herein, β-TCP was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation route, and their 3-D porous composites with H3BO3 and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by the solid-state reaction method with improved mechanical and biological performances. Several characterization techniques have been used to investigate the various characteristics of fabricated porous composites. SEM and TEM studies revealed the porous morphology and hexagonal sheets of the β-TCP for the composite THC8 (82TCP-10H3BO3-8Cu). Moreover, the mechanical study showed excellent compressive strength (188 MPa), a high Young’s modulus (2.84 GPa), and elevated fracture toughness (9.11 MPa.m1/2). An in vitro study by MTT assay on osteoblast (MG-63) cells demonstrated no or minimal cytotoxicity at the higher concentration, 100 µg/ml after 24 h and it was found a more pronounced result at 20 µg/ml on increasing the concentration of Cu nanoparticles after incubating 72 h. The THC12 composite showed the highest antibacterial potency exclusively against B. subtilis. S. pyogene, S. typhi and E. coli. at 10 mg/ml, indicating its potential effectiveness in inhibiting all of these pathogens. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests were also performed on rearing Drosophila melanogaster, and these findings did not detect any trypan blue-positive staining, which further recommended that the existence of composites did not harm the larval gut. Therefore, the fabricated porous composites THC8 and THC12 are suitable for bone regrowth without harming the surrounding cells and protect against bacterial infections. © The Author(s) 2025.
A novel nanocomposite of HAp-TiC-Ag with enhanced mechanical and biological properties for bone regrowth and anticancer applications
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Shweta; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Saurabh Kumar; Amreen Shamsad; Shama Parveen; Surajita Sahu; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Vijay Pratap; Rupesh Kumar; Monisha Banerjee; Monalisa Mishra; Horesh Kumar; Rakesh Kumar C. Gautam; Chandkiram Gautam
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based composites are extensively used in various applications, including bone regeneration, bone implants, catalysis, drug delivery, and cancer treatment, owing to their unique properties such as osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction, as well as their ability to inhibit tumor cell growth. In this study, pure HAp and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation and green synthesis methods, while a solid-state reaction route was employed for the fabrication of HAp-TiC-Ag composites aimed at enhancing their mechanical and biological properties. A range of characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, DLS, SEM, TEM, and in vitro assays, were used to assess the structural, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties of the composites. The composite HTA6 exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including a high compressive strength (185 MPa), elevated fracture toughness (10.88 MPa m1/2), a moderate Young's modulus (1.08 GPa), and a Vickers hardness (339.65 HV). The cell viability tests demonstrated that HTA6 treatment did not significantly reduce osteoblast cell growth, while significantly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, the composite showed good biocompatibility, displaying non-cytotoxicity in D. melanogaster and strong antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. These findings suggest that HTA6 is a promising candidate for applications in bone regeneration and cancer treatment. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Correction to: PLGA-Quercetin Nano-Formulation Inhibits Cancer Progression via Mitochondrial Dependent Caspase-3,7 and Independent FoxO1 Activation with Concomitant PI3K/AKT Suppression (Pharmaceutics, (2022), 14, 7, (1326), 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071326)
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Neera Yadav; Amit Kumar Tripathi; Amna Parveen; Shama Parveen; Monisha Banerjee
In the published publication [1], there was an error regarding the affiliation for Neera Yadav. In addition to affiliation 1, the updated affiliation should include: Molecular and Human Genetics Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India. Neera Yadav did not act as the corresponding author any more. Shama Parveen and Monisha Banerjee (the corresponding author) were not included as authors in the original publication [1]. The corrected Author Contributions statement appears here. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated. Shama Parveen: investigation, formal analysis, methodology; Monisha Banerjee: project administration, funding acquisition, resources, supervision, writing—review and editing. The authors also acknowledge Ratan Singh Ray, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Lucknow, India, for the synthesis of nanoparticles; Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP), Lucknow, for the SEM facility; Centre of Excellence, Higher Education Government of Uttar Pradesh for the cell culture facility at the Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor and Editor-in-Chief. The original publication has also been updated. © 2024 by the authors.
Cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics as predictors of cervical cancer: A machine learning approach
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Manoj Kaushik; Rakesh Chandra Joshi; Atar Singh Kushwah; Maneesh Kumar Gupta; Monisha Banerjee; Radim Burget; Malay Kishore Dutta
Cervical cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers in women and a significant cause of mortality. Cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics have been reported as biomarkers for determining the cervical cancer risk in the Indian population. This study was designed to apply a machine learning-based model using these risk factors for better prognosis and prediction of cervical cancer. This study includes the dataset of cytokine gene variants, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of normal healthy control subjects, and cervical cancer cases. Different risk factors, including demographic details and cytokine gene variants, were analysed using different machine learning approaches. Various statistical parameters were used for evaluating the proposed method. After multi-step data processing and random splitting of the dataset, machine learning methods were applied and evaluated with 5-fold cross-validation and also tested on the unseen data records of a collected dataset for proper evaluation and analysis. The proposed approaches were verified after analysing various performance metrics. The logistic regression technique achieved the highest average accuracy of 82.25% and the highest average F1-score of 82.58% among all the methods. Ridge classifiers and the Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier achieved the highest sensitivity—85%. The ridge classifier surpasses most of the machine learning classifiers with 84.78% accuracy and 97.83% sensitivity. The risk factors analysed in this study can be taken as biomarkers in developing a cervical cancer diagnosis system. The outcomes demonstrate that the machine learning assisted analysis of cytokine gene variants and socio-demographic characteristics can be utilised effectively for predicting the risk of developing cervical cancer. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Fabrication of bioactive transparent glass ceramics 55SiO2–25Na2O-(15-x)CaO–5P2O5- xZrO2 (0≤x≤6): Physical, structural and in vitro cell viability insights for biomedical applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Shweta; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Bijay Laxmi Pradhan; Shama Parveen; Priyatama Behera; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Prince Sen; Saurabh Kumar; Monalisa Mishra; Monisha Banerjee; Krishna Kishor Dey; Manasi Ghosh; Chandkiram Gautam
Zirconia (ZrO2) reinforced transparent glass ceramics (TGCs) are excellent materials for enhanced cell viability and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. Herein, ZrO2 doped SiO2–Na2O–CaO–P2O5 base compositions derived from traditional melt-quench technique. The impacts of ZrO2 on the physical, structural, optical, morphological, and biological evaluation were studied. XRD discloses the major phase formation of buchwaldite (CaNaPO4) and disodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSiO4). Density of the TGC samples was calculated and found to be in the range of 2.535–2.910 g/cm3. The optical parameters, and particle size were estimated and analyzed. Herein, ZrO2 plays a significant role as a network modifier and various bond assignments in the glassy network that confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Surface morphology and its elemental investigations were also studied using SEM and XPS techniques. Solid state NMR spectrum on 23Na, 29Si, and 31P nucleus were studied for various interactions. Moreover, the cell viability of the fabricated samples on the cancer cells were analyzed and resulted to possess the half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the samples were calculated and valued to be 92 to 40 μg/ml respectively. The sample 55SiO2–25Na2O–9CaO–5P2O5–6ZrO2 (BG4) demonstrated a remarkable biological activity for bone regeneration and implants. Further, the cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by performing trypan blue assay, DAPI and DCFH-DA staining on the TGC samples. The data assembled in this research approves the hypothesis that the TGCs represent a feasible material for the biomedical applications for bone and tooth implants. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
Fabrication, structural, and enhanced mechanical behavior of MgO substituted PMMA composites for dental applications
(Nature Research, 2024) Savita Kumari; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Shama Parveen; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Ajaz Hussain; Saurabh Kumar; Monisha Banerjee; Jitendra Rao; Rupesh Kumar; Rakesh Kumar Gautam; Chandkiram Gautam
The most common denture material used for dentistry is poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Usually, the polymeric PMMA material has numerous biological, mechanical and cost-effective shortcomings. Hence, to resolve such types of drawbacks, attempts have been made to investigate fillers of the PMMA like alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) etc. For the enhancement of the PMMA properties a suitable additive is required for its orthopedic applications. Herein, the main motive of this study was to synthesize a magnesium oxide (MgO) reinforced polymer-based hybrid nano-composites by using heat cure method with superior optical, biological and mechanical characteristics. For the structural and vibrational studies of the composites, XRD and FT-IR were carried out. Herein, the percentage of crystallinity for all the fabricated composites were also calculated and found to be 14.79–30.31. Various physical and optical parameters such as density, band gap, Urbach energy, cutoff energy, cutoff wavelength, steepness parameter, electron–phonon interaction, refractive index, and optical dielectric constant were also studied and their values are found to be in the range of 1.21–1.394 g/cm3, 5.44–5.48 eV, 0.167–0.027 eV, 5.68 eV, 218 nm, 0.156–0.962, 4.273–0.693, 1.937–1.932, and 3.752–3.731 respectively. To evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the composites a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used and their values were 60.3 and 101 MPa, 78 and 40.3 MPa, 5.85 and 9.8 MPa-m1/2 respectively. Tribological tests of the composites were also carried out. In order to check the toxicity, MTT assay was also carried out for the PM0 and PM15 [(x)MgO + (100 − x) (C5O2H8)n] (x = 0 and 15) composites. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the structural, physical, optical, and biological features of the fabricated PMMA-MgO composites, highlighting the potential of the PM15 composite with its enhanced density, mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility for denture applications. © 2024, The Author(s).
Genetic and epigenetic alterations in DNA repair genes and treatment outcome of chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2024) Atar Singh Kushwah; Shireen Masood; Rajnikant Mishra; Monisha Banerjee
Cervical cancer (CaCx) is the deadliest malignancy among women which is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and anthro-demographical/clinicopathological factors. HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 target p53 and RB (retinoblastoma) protein degradation, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM-RAD3-related (ATR) inactivation and subsequent impairment of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination, and base excision repair pathways. There is also an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in Tumor Growth Suppressors (TGS), oncogenes, and DNA repair genes leading to increased genome instability and CaCx development. These alterations might be responsible for differential clinical response to Cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients. This review explores HPV-mediated DNA damage as a risk factor in CaCx development, the mechanistic role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in DNA repair genes and their association with CRT and outcome, It also explores new possibilities for the development of genetic and epigenetic-based biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic, and molecular therapeutic interventions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
GENETICS OF GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES AND COMPLEX DISEASES
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Atar Singh Kushwah; Monisha Banerjee
The glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are dimeric cytosolic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of an active xenobiotic to GSH, an endogenous water-soluble substrate. The GST-mediated detoxification pathway ensures cellular protection from environmental insults and oxidative stress. Cellular ROS/RNS levels promote peroxidation of lipids and lipoproteins present in biomembranes, which leads to development of several pathological conditions. GSTs protect cells against deleterious actions of ROS/ RNS by promoting redox homeostasis through neutralization of excessive reactive metabolites, whose chemical actions elicit numerous signaling cascades associated with cell proliferation, inflammatory responses, apoptosis and senescence. Human GSTs are divided into three main families, namely, cytosolic (α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ξ-and ζ), mitochondrial (π) and membrane-bound (k).These classes of GSTs originate from different chromosomes but share ~30% sequence identity and have cell specific distribution. Genetic variants in antioxidant enzyme encoding genes lead to decreased enzymatic activity leading to oxidative DNA damage and chronic inflammation. Moreover, genetic variants in GSTM1, T1 and P1 have been reported to be involved in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and various cancers like cervical (CaCx), bladder, colon, gastrointestinal, lung, pulmonary diseases, neurological disorders and various pathological phenotypes. Interestingly, some of the common genetic variants like GSTM1-Del (16kb deletion), GSTT1-Del (54kbdeletion) polymorphisms (Null/Present) and GSTP1 +313A/G (105I/V rs1695) are significantly associated with complex diseases viz. T2DM and CaCx in north Indian population as well as other ethnic groups. The GST genetic variants have also shown interesting association with treatment outcome in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy viz. clinical response, vital status, overall survival and toxicity. In addition to the above, this chapter focuses on the importance of functional aspect of polymorphic variants in different populations so that the risk genotypes can be identified as indicators of disease susceptibility. Genetic studies will help to develop prognostic biomarkers for early prediction and risk assessment in patients and enable clinicians to develop personalized treatment regimes. © 2020 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection on the Treatment Outcome of Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Cervical Cancer
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Atar Singh Kushwah; Kirti Srivastava; Rajnikant Mishra; Monisha Banerjee
Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its persistence are responsible for the development of cervical cancer (CaCx). Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the only treatment option, especially in advanced stages. However, it is not influenced by the status of HPV infection. CRT controls cancer growth along with mild to severe adverse effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the HPV-associated risk factors and correlate them — with chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in cervical cancer. Methods: The study was undertaken in 103 histologically positive CaCx patients. Anthro- demographic and obstetric characterizations were conducted by face-to-face interviews, and HPV testing was done by conventional PCR. All the patients received a 40-50Gy total effective dose using tele- and brachytherapy. The treatment response, survivorship and statistical analysis were made using GraphPad Prism 9 and SPSS (ver.25.0). Results: Out of 103 patients, 84% were HPV infected, and 16% CaCx were HPV-negative. Advanced age, lower-middle socioeconomic status (SES), illiteracy, and patients from rural backgrounds were significantly higher in CaCx patients with HPV infection. Multiparity, irregular menstrual cycle, poor menstrual hygiene, and use of contraception were significantly associated with HPV positivity. Patients with HPV infection showed a better clinical response (P =0.031), alive vital status (P =0.007), and 59 months of median survival (P<0.001) with a poor hazard ratio (HR 0.29 at 95% CI). Conclusion: HPV-infected CaCx patients showed better response to definitive chemoradiation therapy compared to HPV-negative with a poor hazard ratio. Therefore, HPV testing can potentially stratify CaCx patients for more effective therapeutic regimens, treatment assessments and follow-ups. © 2024, Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Influence of TiO2as a filler into PMMA-ZrO2composites on structural, mechanical and biological properties for denture fabrication
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Akhileshwar Gupta; Savita Kumari; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Rupesh Kumar; Priyatama Behera; Monalisa Mishra; Rakesh Kumar C. Gautam; Saurabh Kumar; Shama Parveen; Jitendra Rao; Monisha Banerjee; Chandkiram Gautam
Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is widely being used in dentistry, while it has limited mechanical strength. Herein, PMMA composites were fabricated using heat cure technique within a system [(95-x) PMMA + 5 ZrO2 + x TiO2] (x = 8, 6, 4 and 2 wt%) and thoroughly characterized using density measurements, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, compression tests, 3-point bending, tribological, and hardness tests respectively. Moreover density, crystallite size, percentage of crystallinity, compressive strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, modulus of resilience, modulus of toughness, and brittleness coefficient were determined. Composite contains 5 wt% ZrO2and 2 wt% TiO2referred as ZPT2 exhibited the maximum compressive strength. Additionally, flexural strength and flexural modulus were found to be highest for ZPT2. The friction coefficient and hardness were found to be the lowest for ZPT2. In MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, MG-63 osteoblast cells were exposed to various concentrations (5–30 μg/ml) of the compounds for 24 h. The results indicated that no significant cytotoxicity was observed for ZPT2. According to the results of the dye exclusion experiment, DAPI (4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and DCFH-DA (2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) staining, ZPT2 did not exhibit cellular damage, genotoxicity and reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production at lower concentrations. The combined biological results suggest that oral administration of the ZPT2 sample does not exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity that makes it valuable for dentistry. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
PLGA-Quercetin Nano-Formulation Inhibits Cancer Progression via Mitochondrial Dependent Caspase-3,7 and Independent FoxO1 Activation with Concomitant PI3K/AKT Suppression
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2022) Neera Yadav; Amit Kumar Tripathi; Amna Parveen; Shama Parveen; Monisha Banerjee
Quercetin is one of the most important plant flavanols, having several pharmacological and biological uses. Quercetin (Q) is an extremely hydrophobic phytochemical and has poor intracellular absorption, which makes its use limited. Present research demonstrates that quercetin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-QNPs) could overcome its low hydrophilicity and improve its anti-cancer potential. PLGA nanoparticles loaded with Q were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and its anticancer activity was examined in vitro as well as in vivo. The cell viability was assessed through MTT assay and apoptosis was assayed through Hoechst-PI and EB/AO double staining followed by mitochondrial damage through Mito-tracker RMX-Ros. Gene expression was examined through RT-PCR. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase was analyzed through FACS. The results obtained revealed that PLGA-QNPs significantly reduced the viability of human cervical and breast cancer cell lines. PLGA-QNPs induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. The gene expression of PI3K/AKT was down-regulated and FoxO1 was upregulated in PLGA-QNP-treated cells, which showed a high expression level of active Caspase-3 and 7, which are responsible for apoptosis. In addition, PLGA-QNPs reduced the average number of tumors and prolonged the tumor latency period in DMBA-induced mammary adenocarcinoma SD rats. These findings suggest that PLGA-QNPs inhibit cervical and breast cancer progression via mitochondrial dependent Caspase-3 and 7 and mitochondrial independent FoxO1 activation with concomitant suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway. For future studies, we suggest that potential druggability efficacy and clinical development of anticancer PLGA-QNPs need to be evaluated intensely for successful anticancer drug development. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Preparation of ZrO2–ZnO-Poly-Methyl-Methacrylate Composite with Enhanced Physical and Mechanical Properties for Dentistry
(Springer, 2025) Akhileshwar Gupta; Rashmi Rekha Devi; Savita Kumari; Anshu Raj; Priyatama Behera; Monalisa Mishra; Rakesh Kumar C. Gautam; Shama Parveen; Saurabh Kumar; Jitendra Rao; Monisha Banerjee; Chandkiram Gautam
Poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is the most widely used denture material for various dental applications. There are certain limitations associated with PMMA, such as its mechanical strength, dimensional stability and biocompatibility. In this study, efforts have been made to overcome these shortcomings by using ZrO2 and ZnO as fillers. The main motive of the study is to fabricate ZrO2 and ZnO reinforced PMMA composites with superior physical and mechanical properties. Herein, numerous composites were synthesized within a system [(95−x) PMMA + 5 ZrO2 + x ZnO)] (x = 2, 4, 6 & 8% wt.) using a conventional heat cure method. A comprehensive evaluation of the PMMA-ZrO2–ZnO (PZZ) composites was carried out through both theoretical and experimental density measurements, along with a range of characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, compression and three-point bending tests, water sorption analysis, tribological testing, hardness assessment, and biological assays such as MTT, DAPI, DCFH-DA, and trypan blue staining. As the ZnO content increased, there was a corresponding rise in the density, crystallinity percentage, Young’s modulus, and flexural modulus of the composites. However, an increase in ZnO content led to a reduction in compressive strength, fracture toughness, and flexural strength of the PZZ composites. Biological evaluation indicated that cell viability was highest in composites with lower ZnO concentrations. Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the synthesized PMMA-ZrO2–ZnO composites. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.