Browsing by Author "Mukesh Kumar Yadav"

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Cyanobacterial availability for CRISPR-based genome editing: Current and future challenges
(Elsevier, 2022) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar; Avinash Chandra Rai; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Punuri Jayasekhar Babu; Zothanpuia; Liansangmawii Chhakchhuak; Prashant Kumar Singh; Garima Singh; Naveen Chandra Joshi; Avinash Singh; Kaushalendra; Rosie Lalmuanpuii; Esther Lalnunmawii; Bendangchuchang Longchar
Cyanobacterial genetic manipulations are optimistic for producing feedstocks, fuels, valuable chemicals, and a basic understanding of stress-induced responses. Regrettably, the newly available genome manipulation tools for cyanobacteria are far from other organisms despite their significant contributions to humanity. This chapter primarily focused on genome engineering efforts available to date for synthetic biology applications and the recent advances in investigations in the development of genome editing in cyanobacteria. Moreover, in recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) dependent approaches rapidly gained engineering popularity in all life domains. Such techniques permit markerless genome editing, simultaneous manipulation of multiple genes, and transcriptional regulation of genes. However, the cyanobacterial genome manipulations by employing the CRISPR tool are still in infancy and limited to very few reports for its synthetic applications, even though the CRISPR drastically shortened the mutant selection time and the segregation advantages. In this chapter, we highlighted the studies that have implemented CRISPR-based tools for cyanobacteria’s metabolic engineering. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cyanobacterial photosynthetic reaction center in wobbly light: Modulation of light energy by orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs)
(Elsevier, 2022) Rahul Prasad Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar; Arpan Modi; Avinash Chandra Rai; Sandip Ghuge; Anil Kumar; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Punuri Jayasekhar Babu; Prashant Kumar Singh; Garima Singh; Kaushalendra; Naveen Chandra Joshi; Avinash Singh; Wenjing Wang
High irradiance and fluctuating light boons substantial risk to photosynthetic life forms by summoning responsive oxygen species (ROS). To bear the high irradiance level, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria have developed mechanisms to diminution the energy hitting at reaction centers to protect it from high irradiance by a photo-defensive system. In cyanobacteria, these photoprotection systems reduce the light energy arriving at the reaction centers by reducing photosynthesis and enhancing thermal energy dissipation at the level of the phycobilisome (PB), the extra-membranous light-harvesting antenna. Fluorescence recovery proteins (FRPs) and orange carotenoid proteins (OCPs) alluded to as essential elements for this mechanism by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Initially, cyanobacteria were considered not to fit for performing NPQ, and the last shreds of evidence advocated NPQ as a crucial and primary photoprotective tool. OCP comprises two domains, (1) N-terminal domain (NTD) and (2) C-terminal domain (CTD), with a solitary carotenoid as a chromophore traversing evenly in the two areas. Blue-green or high irradiance light actuates the transformation of OCP from a dormant orange state (OCPO) to a dynamic red state (OCPR). Dynamic OCP (OCPR) ties to the center of the light-harvesting antenna complex, phycobilisomes (PBs), extinguishes fluorescence, and aids dispersal abundance energy’s nonradiative pathway. OCP-intervened photoprotection mechanism effectively managed by FRP by accelerating the OCP transformation of active OCP (OCPR) to the resting state (OCPO) under light-limiting conditions. However, numerous inquiries concerning the working of FRP have stayed dubious. This chapter summarizes the current information and comprehension of the FRP and OCP in cyanobacterial photoprotection and the possibilities of exploiting these systems for plant resilience to high irradiance. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In vivo toxicity study of ethanolic extracts of evolvulus alsinoides & centella asiatica in swiss albino mice
(Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019) Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Santosh Kumar Singh; Manish Singh; Shashank Shekhar Mishra; Anurag Kumar Singh; Jyoti Shankar Tripathi; Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
AIM: We aimed to investigate several parameters after the in vivo acute and sub-acute administration of ethanolic extracts from E. alsinoides & C. asiatica. METHODS: Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors for in vivo toxicity study guidelines 423 and 407 of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) were followed for acute and sub-acute toxicity assays respectively. For LD50 evaluation, a single dose of ethanolic extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides L. (EEA) and ethanolic extracts of Centella asiatica (ECA) was orally administered to mice at doses of 200, 400, 800, 1600 and 2000 mg/kg. Then the animals were observed for 72 hours. For acute toxicity evaluation, a single dose of both extracts was orally administered to mice at doses of 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg and the animals were observed for 14 days. In the sub-acute study, the extracts were orally administered to mice for 28 days at doses of 300, 600, 1200 and 2000 mg/kg. To assess the toxicological effects, animals were closely observed on general behaviour, clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, food and water intake. At the end of the study, it was performed biochemical and hematological evaluations, as well as histopathological analysis from the following organs: brain, heart, liver, and kidney. RESULTS: The oral administration of E. alsinoides and C. asiatica ethanolic extracts, i.e. EEA 300, EEA 600, EEA 1200, EEA 2000, ECA 300, ECA 600, ECA 1200 & ECA 2000 mg/kg doses showed no moral toxicity effect in LD50, acute and sub-acute toxicity parameters. CONCLUSION: In this study, we had found that E. alsinoides & C. asiatica extract at different doses cause no mortality in acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Also, histopathology of kidney, liver, heart, and brain showed no alterations in tissues morphology. © 2019 Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Santosh Kumar Singh, Manish Singh, Shashank Shekhar Mishra, Anurag Kumar Singh, Jyoti Shankar Tripathi, Yamini Bhusan Tripathi.
Inorganic clay nanocomposite system for improved cholinesterase inhibition and brain pharmacokinetics of donepezil
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Anurag Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Gaurav Mishra; Anand Maurya; Rajendra Awasthi; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Neelam Atri; Pawan Kumar Pandey; Santosh Kumar Singh
Objective: Brain drug delivery for effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is limited due to the selective permeability of blood brain barrier (BBB). During the past few years, development of novel delivery system has attracted considerable attention of formulation scientists to overcome the permeability limitation caused by BBB. Significance: Based on the outcomes of this study and taking into consideration of the unique characteristics of laponite, it can be further explored to deliver many other central nervous system acting drugs. Methods: In the present study, laponite (LAP) nanocomposites were exploited for the improved brain delivery of donepezil (DZ) following encapsulation approach due to their nano-size and positive charge at pH <9. Result: The size of prepared nanocomposites was 53.7 ± 4.0 to 137.7 ± 11.0 nm. The drug was released in a sustained manner till 120 h in phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and acid phthalate buffer (pH 4.0). LAPDZ formulations inhibited acetylcholinesterase approximately by 82%, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than plain DZ (30%). Swiss albino mice exhibited enhanced brain uptake of LAPDZ administered via intravenous route. Promising pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in animals treated with LAPDZ. LAPDZ formulation showed half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) as 5.53 ± 0.40 h−1, 0.129 ± 0.02 L, 0.015 ± 0.002 L/h, respectively. While DZ solution showed the same parameters as 1.06 ± 0.12 h−1, 0.168 ± 0.01 L, 0.106 ± 0.013 L/h, respectively. The brain uptake of LAPDZ formulation was improved with quintuplet t1/2. Conclusion: Based on the results of present study, it is proposed that the formulated nanocomposite would result in improved patient compliance with therapeutic effect at lower doses. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Integrated proteomics and in-silico analysis unveil the alpha-cypermethrin detoxification mechanism in Graesiella Emersonii
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ng Kunjarani Chanu; Madan Kumar Mandal; Shilpi Singh; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Prashant Kumar Singh; Neha Chaurasia
The present study focuses on the response of microalgae Graesiella emersonii NC-M1 to alpha-cypermethrin exposure at the molecular level using 2-D gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry and in-silico analysis. The proteins such as NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase subunit I (+ 1.61), Heat shock proteins 70 (+ 3.01), Cytochrome P450 (+ 2.81), ABC transporters (+ 1.68), Benzoate carboxyl methyltransferase (+ 5.13), and 6(G)-Fructosyltransferase (− 3.95) were advocated as key players against alpha-cypermethrin. The accumulation pattern of these proteins was validated by a gene-expression study using qPCR. Furthermore, in-silico analysis was constructed using 3D modelling of the selected proteins, followed by the model quality assessment. The binding energy between most selected proteins and alpha-cypermethrin shows a strong interaction, except for protein benzoate carboxyl methyltransferase. Docking the ligand and the receptor offers strong binding energy, but the selected ligand, alpha-cypermethrin, is binding at the surface groove/surface-exposed binding pocket or allosteric site of the protein that can modulate other functions. The binding of alpha-cypermethrin on the selected proteins might trigger some defensive mechanism, causing them to up-accumulate under stress. Further, qPCR and docking studies supported the down-accumulation of 6(G)-fucosyltransferase (6G-FT). Taken together, these proteins were involved in the detoxification of the insecticide, DNA damage repair, and maintaining cellular homeostasis, thereby liberating the G. emersonii NC-M1 from stress conditions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Brain Delivery of Drugs in Neurodegenerative Disorders
(CRC Press, 2024) Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Manish Singh; Pritee Chaudhary; Shardendu Kumar Mishra
The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. These are chronic and progressive pathologies characterized by the loss of neurons and the formation of misfolded proteins, for example, α-synuclein, β- amyloid. A neurodegenerative disease is characterized by symptoms such as memory loss, moodiness, anxiety, depression, and agitation. Neurodegeneration involves structural and functional dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that acts as a shield to precent blood toxins from accessing the brain. With the focus on drug discovery and research for targeted drug therapy to the CNS, advancements in therapeutics and medicine have allowed for a better understanding of the many pathways involved in the emergence of neurodegenerative diseases. In this situation, nanotechnology methods have emerged as a viable tactic to enhance drug targeting to the brain and to boost bioavailability. Nanocarrier drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases opens the door for promising approaches and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Lipid-based nanocarriers, categorized as bilayered vesicular drug-delivery systems; unilayered lipid drug-delivery systems; and submicron emulsions have been developed to overcome shortcomings related to CNS delivery of therapeutic molecules. Over the years, various studies have used the application of lipid-based nanocarriers for the treatment of different neurological conditions. This chapter comprises knowledge about different neurodegenerative disorders, the role of the BBB, the development of lipid-based nanocarriers, and their application of drug-delivery systems in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anurag Kumar Singh, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, and Jay Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.
Natural dyes with future aspects in dyeing of textiles: A research article
(Sphinx Knowledge House, 2015) Gyanendra Tripathi; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Prabhat Padhyay; Shardendu Mishra
Dyeing is a complex, specialized science. Nearly all dye stuffs are now producing from synthetic compounds. This means that costs have been greatly reduced and certain application and wear characteristics have been greatly enhanced. But many practitioners of the craft of natural dyeing (i.e. using naturally occurring sources of dye) maintain that natural dyes have a far superior aesthetic quality which is much more pleasing to the eye. On the other hand, many commercial practitioners feel the natural dyes are non-viable on grounds of both quality and economics. In the west, natural dyeing is now practiced only as a handcraft, synthetic dye being used in all commercial applications. Some craft, weavers and knitters use natural dye as a particular feature of their work. © 2015, Sphinx Knowledge House. All rights reserved.
Neuroprotective activity of evolvulus alsinoides & centella asiatica ethanolic extracts in scopolamine-induced amnesia in swiss albino mice
(Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019) Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Santosh Kumar Singh; Manish Singh; Shashank Shekhar Mishra; Anurag Kumar Singh; Jyoti Shankar Tripathi; Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
AIM: To carry out the comparative nootropic, neuroprotective potentials of two medicinal plant species. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For neuroprotective activity; behavior models (elevated plus maze & morris water maze), in vivo antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation & reduced glutathione), inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6 & TNF-α) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) assessment procedures followed at different dosages i.e. 250 & 500 mg/kg of Evolvulus alsinoides and Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts. At the end of the study, it was performed histopathological analysis of the following organs: brain, heart, liver, and kidney. RESULTS: In oral administration of different doses of ethanolic extracts of both medicinal plants i.e. Sco + EEA 250 = 2.49 ± 0.29, Sco + EEA 500 = 2.67 ± 0.36, Sco + ECA 250 = 2.33 ± 0.17, Sco + ECA 500 = 2.77 ± 0.21, Sco + EEA + ECA 250 = 2.61 ± 0.32 and Sco + EEA + ECA 500 = 2.79 ± 0.16 U/mg of protein respectively against the scopolamine induced group Sco (control) = 5.51 ± 0.35 U/mg of protein extracts shows neuroprotective and nootropic activity with reducing AChE level in the brain homogenate of swiss albino mice. CONCLUSION: Since the E. alsinoides & C. asiatica are already used in traditional Indian medicine as the neuroprotective agent and also found promising effects over inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activity. The neuroprotective effect of both plants extracts attributed to inhibition of AChE activity and improve the spatial memory formation. © 2019 Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Santosh Kumar Singh, Manish Singh, Shashank Shekhar Mishra, Anurag Kumar Singh, Jyoti Shankar Tripathi, Yamini Bhusan Tripathi.
Phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of Mucuna pruriens: A review
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2017) Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Prabhat Upadhyay; Suresh Purohit; B.L. Pandey; Harish Shah
The plant Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) is an established herbal drug, widely known as "velvet bean," a vigorous annual climbing legume originally from Southern China and Eastern India, where it was at one time widely cultivated as a green vegetable crop. It has been shown that its seeds are potentially of substantial medicinal importance. The ancient Indian medical system, Ayurveda, traditionally used M. pruriens, even to treat such things as Parkinson's disease. M. pruriens has been shown to have antiparkinson and neuroprotective effects, which may be related to its antioxidant activity and used for the management of male infertility, nervous disorders, and also as an aphrodisiac.
Revisiting the role of cyanobacteria-derived metabolites as antimicrobial agent: A 21st century perspective
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Joyeeta Kar; Devde Pandurang Ramrao; Ruth Zomuansangi; C. Lalbiaktluangi; Shiv Mohan Singh; Naveen Chandra Joshi; Ajay Kumar; Kaushalendra; Suryakant Mehta; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; Prashant Kumar Singh
Cyanobacterial species are ancient photodiazotrophs prevalent in freshwater bodies and a natural reservoir of many metabolites (low to high molecular weight) such as non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, ribosomal peptides, alkaloids, cyanotoxins, and isoprenoids with a well-established bioactivity potential. These metabolites enable cyanobacterial survival in extreme environments such as high salinity, heavy metals, cold, UV-B, etc. Recently, these metabolites are gaining the attention of researchers across the globe because of their tremendous applications as antimicrobial agents. Many reports claim the antimicrobial nature of these metabolites; unfortunately, the mode of action of such metabolites is not well understood and/or known limited. Henceforth, this review focuses on the properties and potential application, also critically highlighting the possible mechanism of action of these metabolites to offer further translational research. The review also aims to provide a comprehensive insight into current gaps in research on cyanobacterial biology as antimicrobials and hopes to shed light on the importance of continuing research on cyanobacteria metabolites in the search for novel antimicrobials. Copyright © 2022 Kar, Ramrao, Zomuansangi, Lalbiaktluangi, Singh, Joshi, Kumar, Kaushalendra, Mehta, Yadav and Singh.
Spirulina: From ancient food to innovative super nutrition of the future and its market scenario as a source of nutraceutical
(Springer Nature, 2023) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Livleen Shukla; Nisha Yadav; Prashant Kumar Singh; Shiv Mohan Singh; Mukesh Kumar Yadav; X. Kaushalendra; Ajay Kumar
In the current century, people worldwide are facing hunger due to limitations in the food supply; to combat the scarcity of food, we are looking for an alternate source of food that contains all the necessary nutrients which are present in our normal diet which boost the immune system and provide energy to our body. Spirulina belonging to Cyanophyta has emerged as food for the future or super nutrition of the future as it contains all the necessary nutrients required in our diet. Spirulina is regarded as one of the most studied and commercialized alga having a higher concentration of proteins content. Furthermore, easily digestible nature and various health benefits, the leading world organization such as WHO and FAO consider spirulina as a superfood or future food. In the existing literature, we would focus on the biochemical composition of the alga, properties that make it future food, and prospective related to the algal food and market scenario of the present and future. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.