Browsing by Author "Mukesh Yadav"

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Biochemical changes, antioxidative profile, and efficacy of the bio-stimulant in plant defense response against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.)
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sunil Kumar; Vaishali Shukla; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Mohd Aamir; Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a highly destructive pathogen with widespread impact on common bean (Phasaeolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of microbial consortia in bolstering host defense against sclerotinia rot. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of a microbial consortia comprising of Trichoderma erinaceum (T51) and Trichoderma viride (T52) (referred to as the T4 treatment) in terms of biochemical parameters, alleviation of the ROS induced cellular toxicity, membrane integrity (measured as MDA content), nutrient profiling, and the host defense-related antioxidative enzyme activities. Our findings demonstrate a notable enhancement in thiamine content, exhibiting 1.887 and 1.513-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment (only S. sclerotiorum treated). Similarly, the total proline content exhibited 3.46 and 1.24-fold higher and the total phenol content was 4.083 and 2.625-fold higher in the T4 compared to the un-inoculated control and the T1 treatment, respectively. Likewise, a general trend was found for other antioxidative and non-oxidative enzyme activities. However, results found were approximately similar in T2 treatment (bioprimed with T51) or T3 treatments (bioprimed with T52). Further, host defense attribute (survival rate) under the pathogen challenged condition was maximum in the T4 (15.55 % disease incidence) compared to others. Therefore, bio priming with consortia could be useful in reducing the economic losses incited by S. sclerotiorum in common beans. © 2023
COUPLED ROLE OF CLIMATE AND TECTONICS IN THE DEPOSITION OF THE LATE QUATERNARY SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE IN THE SOUTHERN MARGIN OF THE CENTRAL GANGA PLAIN, INDIA
(SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2024) Mukesh Yadav; U.K. Shukla; G.P. Gurumurthy; Sajid Ali; Kamlesh Kumar; Anupam Sharma
The Ganga Plain’s sedimentation is primarily controlled by Himalayan tectonics, variations in monsoon intensity, and glacier size. However, the significance of intrabasinal tectonics, which is an interplay of the Himalaya tectonics and basement tectonic configuration of the Ganga Plain, in comprehending the late Quaternary Ganga Plain sedimentation remains unclear. In this study, the sediment provenance and extent of weathering experienced by the sediments are studied using the mineralogical and geochemical (major, trace, and rare earth elements) composition of a sedimentary cliff sequence exposed at the Ramnagar locality near the cratonic peripheral bulge in the southern Ganga Plain. In the Ramnagar cliff sediment section, two sediment packages, designated SP-A and SP-B, are identified based on mineralogy, texture, and geochemistry. These packages of sediments show mild chemical weathering and distinct geochemical compositions. The lower part (SP-A) of the Ramnagar cliff section is characterized by higher contributions from mafic sources (pyroxene, feldspar, and mica as dominant minerals), while the upper part (SP-B) is predominately derived from felsic sources (mica and feldspar as dominant minerals), which are supplied via the peninsular and the Himalayan rivers, respectively. The southern part of the central Ganga Plain shows evidence of a shift in the sediment provenance from mafic to felsic source rock at 40 ka. This study demonstrates how weathering and sedimentation are controlled by both regional tectonics and climate in the southern margin of the central Ganga Plain.; The Director of the BSIP, Lucknow, is thanked by the authors for providing all infrastructural (SAIF) and administrative support to complete the assignment. This work is a part of MY’s doctoral thesis, supported by the funding received from the University Grants Commission (CSIR-UGC JRF fellowship, Roll No. 207693) and recorded as BSIP/RDCC/Publication no. 24/2024-25. The authors also thank Dr. Sheikh Nawaz Ali, Dr. Arvind Kumar Singh, Dr. Naimisha Vanik, Harshita Srivastava, Dr. Masud Kawsar, and Dr. Abhisek Kumar for their constructive suggestions that helped to make the manuscript better. UKS is thankful to the Head of the Department of Geology for providing the working facilities of the Department. We thank editor Dr. Kathleen Marsaglia, Associate Editor Dr. Alberto Resentini, and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on our manuscript. Ó 2024, SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)
Endophytic actinomycetes in bioactive compounds production and plant defense system
(Elsevier, 2019) Mohd Aamir; Krishna Kumar Rai; Andleeb Zehra; Manish Kumar Dubey; Swarnmala Samal; Mukesh Yadav; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Endophytic actinomycetes colonizing inside plant tissue have received much attention due to their potential use in stimulation of plant growth as well as in the management of soil and plant survival by producing certain functional metabolites and simultaneously counteracting pathogenic microbes residing within same plant species. Advancement in the "omics" technology such as computational biology, metabolic engineering, and proteomics has provided an efficient way to unravel mechanisms behind revelation of biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds and also provided efficient ways for the identification of gene clusters form unexplored actinomycetes. Plethora of researches on endophytic microorganisms has evidenced the existence of new and untouched endophytic actinomycetes producing discrete bioactive compounds within distinct tissues of several medicinal plants. Howbeit, till date sporadic reports are available on their biodiversity, phylogenetic distribution, and their probable association with traditional plants along with their specific environments. This chapter mainly focuses on different protective and signaling mechanisms used by the endophytic actinomycetes to promote plant growth and soil health. The chapter also examines the current biochemical status of endophytic actinomycetes and intervention of "omics" approaches used in revealing their full potential and lastly, it also sharpens the knowledge about newly discovered potential bioactive compounds and their possible exploitation by agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fungal endophytes: Classification, diversity, ecological role, and their relevance in sustainable agriculture
(Elsevier, 2019) Mohd Aamir; Krishna Kumar Rai; Andleeb Zehra; Sunil Kumar; Mukesh Yadav; Vaishali Shukla; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Endophyte is defined as an important group of widespread and diverse plant symbionts that live asymptomatically and sometimes systematically within plant tissues without any harm or causing diseases in host plants. Fungal endophytes establish a beneficial symbiotic relationship with host plants and have been demonstrated to have high impact on host plants. The association of fungal communities with their host plants improves growth, immunity, and overall developments of plants. The fungal endophytes have been reported for unrevealing benefits to their host plants including plant growth promotion, production of secondary metabolites, and other bioactive compounds, amelioration of various abiotic and biotic stresses, improving agricultural productivity, providing disease resistance against dreadful phytopathogens, all of which promotes the crop production through sustainable approaches. Further, the investigation of defensive mechanism provided by these fungal communities would be helpful in their utilization at commercial scale for bio-formulations. Endophytic fungus represents formerly uncharted fungal lineages and comprises vast amounts of fungal diversity in associated plants Therefore, there is a high probability of discovering potential endophytic fungi with major application in all sectors including agriculture, therapeutic, and for commercial exploitation. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Identification of hub genes and potential networks by centrality network analysis of PCR amplified Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici EF1α gene
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Yashoda N. Tripathi; Vinay K. Singh; Sunil Kumar; Vaishali Shukla; Mukesh Yadav; Ram S. Upadhyay
Background: Fusarium wilt is a devastating soil-borne fungal disease of tomato across the world. Conventional method of disease prevention including usage of common pesticides and methods like soil solarisation are usually ineffective in the treatment of this disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify virulence related genes in the pathogen which can be targeted for fungicide development. Results: Pathogenicity testing and phylogenetic classification of the pathogen used in this study confirmed it as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) strain. A recent discovery indicates that EF1α, a protein with conserved structural similarity across several fungal genera, has a role in the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the rice blast fungus. Therefore, in this study we have done structural and functional classification of EF1α to understand its role in pathogenicity of Fol. The protein model of Fol EF1α was created using the template crystal structure of the yeast elongation factor complex EEF1A:EEF1BA which showed maximum similarity with the target protein. Using the STRING online database, the interactive information among the hub genes of EF1α was identified and the protein–protein interaction network was recognized using the Cytoscape software. On combining the results of functional analysis, MCODE, CytoNCA and CytoHubba 4 hub genes including Fol EF1α were selected for further investigation. The three interactors of Fol EF1α showed maximum similarity with homologous proteins found in Neurospora crassa complexed with the known fungicide, cycloheximide. Through the sequence similarity and PDB database analysis, homologs of Fol EF1α were found: EEF1A:EEF1BA in complex with GDPNP in yeast and EF1α in complex with GDP in Sulfolobus solfataricus. The STITCH database analysis suggested that EF1α and its other interacting partners interact with guanosine diphosphate (GDPNP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Conclusions: Our study offers a framework for recognition of several hub genes network in Fusarium wilt that can be used as novel targets for fungicide development. The involvement of EF1α in nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway suggests that it plays role in GTP binding and thus apart from its use as a biomarker, it may be further exploited as an effective target for fungicide development. Since, the three other proteins that were found to be tightly associated Fol EF1α have shown maximum similarity with homologous proteins of Neurospora crassa that form complex with fungicide- Cycloheximide. Therefore, we suggest that cycloheximide can also be used against Fusarium wilt disease in tomato. The active site cavity of Fol EF1α can also be determined for computational screening of fungicides using the homologous proteins observed in yeast and Sulfolobus solfataricus. On this basis, we also suggest that the other closely associated genes that have been identified through STITCH analysis, they can also be targeted for fungicide development. © The Author(s) 2024.
Isolation, identification, carbon utilization profile and control of Pythium graminicola, the causal agent of chilli damping-off
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2020) Manish Kumar Dubey; Andleeb Zehra; Mohd. Aamir; Mukesh Yadav; Swarnmala Samal; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Postemergence damping-off of chilli caused by Pythium spp. is a common and serious problem in large chilli growing areas of India under the moist conditions that generally prevails during the sowing period. Therefore, in order to better understand this disease, an isolate belonging to the genus Pythium (Pythiales) was isolated from the infected chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) plant root parts collected from the fields of Chandauli district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on the congruence of cultural, morphological, cardinal growth rate and the sequence data analysis, the isolate was identified as Pythium graminicola. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-rDNA sequences clustered the isolate with representative sequences for P. graminicola from GenBank in the Pythium clade. The isolate carbon utilization profiles were characterized using Biolog FF MicroPlate method. The results revealed that the isolate used a wide range of carbon sources, mainly carbohydrates, but also amino acids, suggesting the use of metabolic routes that include glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Moreover, an in vitro colony growth inhibition assay was performed to determine the influence of chemical (fungicides) and biological (bacteria and fungi) antagonists over the pathogen using the poison plate and dual culture method, respectively. Overall, the results revealed that the presence of aggressive broad range biocontrol agents can be used as an effective environmentally friendly approach for management and control of damping-off in production systems. The antagonist can serve as a bio-efficient and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides for the development of an effective integrated pest management (IPM) system and obtaining higher yields. © 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH
Molecular Identification and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and their Effect on Seed Germination and Vigour Index of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2022) Kumari Divyanshu; Mukesh Yadav; Vaishali Shukla; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of useful bacteria that colonize the plant roots and significantly enhances the plant growth promotion. Keeping this in mind, an investigation was performed for the screening of potent PGPR strains for enhancing seed germination and vigour index of Hordeum vulgare (commonly called barley). Rhizobacterial strains were isolated and screened for various plant growth promoting traits, their effect on seed germination and vigour index of barley plant through pot trial, and resistant ability under various temperature and pH range. Based upon 16S rRNA sequencing data, Pseudomonas punonensis LMT03 (R1), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida R4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM50071 (R2) and Alcaligenes faecalis (DBHU5) isolates were selected and showed positive result for IAA production, Phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, catalase activity, siderophore production and MR-VP test. Barley plants treated with P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicida both showed 94.44% of highest seed germination %, while P. aeruginosa and A. faecalis showed 83.11% and 77.33% respectively in comparison to the control plant shows which 49.99% seed germination only. These respective isolates also showed 2.57, 2.37, 2.0 and 1.69 fold of increase in vigour index as compare to the control plants. The above increase in fold in vigour index and seed germination is much higher as compared to earlier reports. Collectively, the data of current study underpin that addition of these PGPRs to barley rhizosphere appears a promising strategy to enhance root and shoot biomass of this important agriculture crop. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report demonstrating the effect of P. punonensis and P. plecoglossicda on barley crop. © The Author(s) 2022.
Morpho-molecular identification, characterization and management of Pythium catenulatum, the causative agent of root rot disease in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Manish Kumar Dubey; Mohd Aamir; Andleeb Zehra; Mukesh Yadav; Punam Kumari; Milind H. Gajbhiye; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
In this study, we identified and characterize a plant pathogenic isolate, collected from naturally infested bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Anupama) seedlings presenting root rot symptoms from an agricultural land of the Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on morphological features, growth characteristics and the ITS sequencing-based molecular data, the isolate was assumed very closed to the species of the Pythium genera. However, ITS sequencing data and the BLAST results for gene annotation clustered the identified isolate more closely to the Pythium catenulatum (p-value e-value), and therefore, confirmed as P. catenulatum. The pathogenicity assay confirmed the role of the isolate as a root rot causing pathogen. Furthermore, the isolate was tested for its growth under in-vitro conditions against several environmental parameters including temperature, pH, salt, drought and metals. The Biolog FF MicroPlate method assessed the carbon utilization profile and reported the ability of the isolate in utilizing both carbohydrates and amino acids as a primary energy source. Moreover, in-vitro colony growth inhibition assay performed with different agrochemicals (fungicides and insecticides) and the dyes determined their efficacy in suppressing the growth and development of the isolated pathogen. The dual culture assay of the isolate along with several fungal and bacterial strains confirmed the antagonistic potential of some tested microbes in delimiting the growth of the pathogen. Overall, the study provides a new sustainable, effective and eco-friendly solution for controlling the root rot pathogen. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Plant growth promotion and differential expression of defense genes in chilli pepper against Colletotrichum truncatum induced by Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Mukesh Yadav; Kumari Divyanshu; Manish Kumar Dubey; Ashutosh Rai; Sunil Kumar; Yashoda Nandan Tripathi; Vaishali Shukla; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
Background: Trichoderma asperellum and T. harzianum were assessed in this study as a potential biological control against Colletotrichum truncatum. C. truncatum is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes anthracnose disease in chilli thereby affecting plant growth and fruit yield. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique showed the beneficial interaction between chilli root-Trichoderma spp. inducing the plant growth promotion, mechanical barrier, and defense network under C. truncatum challenged conditions. Methods: Seeds bio-primed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum promoted the plant growth parameters and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues. Seed primed with bioagents were used for exploring the molecular mechanism of defense response in pepper against anthracnose to assess the temporal expression of six defense genes in the Surajmukhi variety of Capsicum annuum. QRT-PCR demonstrated induction of defense responsive genes in chilli pepper bioprimed with Trichoderma spp. such as plant defensin 1.2 (CaPDF1.2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), pathogenesis related proteins PR-2 and PR-5. Results: The results showed that bioprimed seeds were assessed for T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum-chilli root colonization interaction under in vivo conditions. The results of the scanning electron microscope revealed that T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum interact with chilli roots directly via the development of plant-Trichoderma interaction system. Seeds bio-primed with bioagents promoted the plant growth parameters, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, plant height, leaf area index, number of leaves, stem diameter and strengthening of physical barrier via lignification on the wall of vascular tissues and expression of six defense related genes in pepper against anthracnose. Conclusions: Application of T. asperellum and T. harzianum and in combination of treatments enhanced the plant growth. Further, as seeds bioprimed with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and in combination with treatment of T. asperellum + T. harzianum induced the strengthening of the cell wall by lignification and expression of six defense related genes CaPDF1.2, SOD, APx, GPx, PR-2 and PR-5 in pepper against C. truncatum. Our study contributed for better disease management through biopriming with T. asperellum, T. harzianum and T. asperellum + T. harzianum. The biopriming possess enormous potential to promote plant growth, modulate the physical barrier, and induced the defense related genes in chilli pepper against anthracnose. © 2023, The Author(s).
Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions
(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Mukesh Meena; Kumari Divyanshu; Sunil Kumar; Prashant Swapnil; Andleeb Zehra; Vaishali Shukla; Mukesh Yadav; R.S. Upadhyay
L-Proline; Osmoprotectant; Environmental stresses; Cellular mechanisms; Signal transduction, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Cell Biology, Plant Biology. © 2019 The Authors; Background: In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, L-proline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement. Scope and conclusions: Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms. © 2019 The Authors
Systemic resistance in chilli pepper against anthracnose (Caused by colletotrichum truncatum) induced by trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma asperellum and paenibacillus dendritiformis
(MDPI AG, 2021) Mukesh Yadav; Manish Kumar Dubey; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay
In the present study, Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma asperellum were appraised as potential biocontrol agents that induce resistance in chilli (Capsicum annuum) against the devastating pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum, which causes anthracnose. Bright-field and scanning electron micrographs showed the hyphal degradation, lysis, and abnormal swelling in C. truncatum against P. dendritiformis in a dual plate assay. Under greenhouse conditions, chilli seeds pretreated with P. dendritiformis, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum by soil soak method inflicted an induced systemic resistance (ISR) in chilli against a C. truncatum-challenged condition. In chilli, the disease index percentage was significantly reduced in the T. asperellum + T. harzianum-treated seeds, followed by the T. harzianum-, T. asperellum-, and P. dendritiformis-treated seeds as compared to the untreated and challenged, respectively. Chilli seeds were primed with T. asperellum + T. harzianum (78.67%), which revealed maximum disease protection under the challenged condition, followed by T. harzianum (70%), T. asperellum (64%), and P. dendritiformis (56%) as compared to untreated and C. truncatum-challenged (6%) condition served as control. The seeds that were pretreated with biocontrol agents (BCAs) inflicted ISR against C. truncatum by enhancing the activity of defence-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)), accumulating phenolic compounds, and increasing the relative chlorophyll content in chilli. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) stains were used to detect the accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide that appeared nearby the fungal infection sites. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O2− and H2O2 ) in the pathogen-inoculated leaves was a maximum of 48 hpi, followed by P. dendritiformis, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum + T. harzianum treated tissue upon C. truncatum-challenged condition as compared to the control. Overall, our results showed the potential of T. harzianum, T. asperellum, and P. dendritiformis as biocontrol agents that prevent infection by C. truncatum and inflict an induced systemic resistance in chilli by enhancing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, defence and antioxidative enzymes, and reducing the lesion development and reactive oxygen species accumulation. This is the first report of induced systemic resistance against anthracnose in chilli obtained by application of T. harzianum, T. asperellum and P. dendritiformis, through seed priming. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.