Browsing by Author "Mukul Gupta"

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Decentralized Finance’s Governance-A Review of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations
(wiley, 2025) Shikha Singh; Deepa Gupta; Mukul Gupta; Roshan Kumar
Technological developments in the digital realm, such as big data, blockchain, and machine learning, are progressively influencing how people live as individuals, as groups, as organizations, and as society. DeFi employs smart contracts for a new financial model, yet varying app quality complicates governance. DAOs balance decentralized and centralized governance through polycentric structures merging human and machine actions for accountability. Our analysis demonstrates that DAOs are a novel type of organization made possible by blockchain technology, where people are free to pursue their goals within an overarching set of regulations that are upheld by smart contracts. The primary finding of this research is that, although DeFi investors must choose between efficiency and decentralization, centralized governance is very much present in Maker DAO. This adds to the ongoing discussion of whether DeFi can be genuinely decentralized. A thorough analysis of governance concerns in DeFi applications is presented in this work. Using knowledge from academic research articles and industry reports, we review the governance taxonomy to look at these problems. In an effort to conceptualize governance as a form of decentralized, networked regulation, this paper reviews the literature on governance theory. © 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC.
Electronic structure by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and observation of field induced unusually slow spin relaxation from magnetic properties in pyrochlore Eu2−xFexTi2O7
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Arkadeb Pal; Surajit Ghosh; Shiv Kumar; Eike F. Schwier; Masahiro Sawada; Kenya Shimada; Mukul Gupta; D.M. Phase; A.K. Ghosh; Sandip Chatterjee
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetization of hybrid pyrochlore Eu2-xFexTi2O7 (EFTO) were investigated, where the rare earth Eu (4f) was replaced with transition metal Fe (3d) to introduce competing 4f-3d interactions. It is confirmed that the valence states of Eu and Fe ions are formally trivalent while that of Ti ions are tetravalent (3d0). The analysis yielded that the tetravalent Ti ions occupy octahedral sites with distorted Oh symmetry which is triggered by the presence of vacant 8a anionic site adjacent to TiO6 octahedra. Further study with Fe doping revealed that it essentially reduces the octahedral distortion by introducing anionic disorder (migration of 48f oxygen ions to 8a site). Analysis of O K edge XAS spectra further confirmed the Fe substitution causing the systematic change in the ligand (O2−) coordination of the Ti4+ cations. Interestingly, a new field induced transition at low temperature T* (4 K < T* < 8 K) associated with unusually slow spin relaxation was observed. The transition shifted towards higher temperatures both with increasing applied field and Fe concentration. However, the single ion spin freezing (Tf ∼ 35 K) appears to be largely suppressed with Fe substitution. Moreover, dc magnetization data showed rise of ferromagnetic contribution below 100 K. © 2018