Browsing by Author "N.P. Rai"

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Ama a metabolic byproduct with special reference to amavata
(2013) Mishra Pramod Kumar; N.P. Rai
In this modern era sedentary life style, faulty food habits and stressful jobs are giving rise to so many diseases. These conditions have direct impact on agni and this impaired state of agni produces ama. Ama generates acute diseases and chronic conditions as well. Amavata is one of such chronic state of ama. Rheumatoid arthritis in modern system of medicine is the disease which can be correlated to amavata as symptoms of amavata are similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis. So, in conformity with time, it is important to understand ama and amavata.
An experimental study of some indigenous drugs with special reference to hydraulic permeability
(2001) L. Upadhyay; A. Mehrotra; A.K. Srivastava; N.P. Rai; K. Tripathi
The effect of commonly used indigenous drugs for hepatic disorders i.e. Tinospora cordifolia, (Guduchi/Amrita), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegha), Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Phyllantnus niruri (Bhoomyamalaki) and Berberis aristata (Daruharidra) was tested on the hydraulic permeability of water in the presence of bile salt through a transport cell model. The data on hydraulic permeability were calculated as t (time). JV = Lp × ΔP, where Lp = hydraulic conductivity and ΔP is the pressure difference. It was observed that the value of controlled hydraulic permeability (0.49 × 10-8 M3 S-1 N-1) decreased in the presence of indigenous drugs and bile salt. The results suggest that these drugs might have the cell membrane stabilizing property which may lead to prevention of the toxic effect of bile salts in various hepatic disorders.
Anti-mycobacterial activity of Piper longum L. fruit extracts against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium Spp
(2011) Chandan Singh; Santosh K. Singh; Gopal Nath; N.P. Rai
A long tradition of using pepper as to fight against several ailments by the local tribal people is still in the practice, in many parts of the rural India. So utilizing this tribal knowledge base for this highly medicinal plant, an attempt was made to isolate some novel natural bioactive compounds with potential activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium. A bioassay guided fractionation of Pippali (Piper longum L.) was performed in five different organic solvents and their activities were monitored against different pathogenic bacteria including MDR Mycobacterium. Different fractions were screened for the bioactivity against Mycobacterium, and the structure of bioactive compound was characterized with H 1 and C 13 NMR. An ethyl acetate fraction of Pippali extract was found active against M. smegmatis (3000μg ml -1) and M. tuberculosis (39 μg ml -1). It also shows very significant activity against other bacterial strains like E.coli (152 μg ml -1), Staphylococcus aureus (14 μg ml-1), Salmonella typhi (180 μg ml -1), Enterococcus faecalis (15 μg ml -1), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52 μg ml -1). This fraction of ethyl acetate was then purified and characterized as piperine [5-(1, 3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-piperidin-1-ylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one], a well known alkaloid from this plant. Bioactivity guided fractionation concludes that Piperine is the only active ingredients in various fractions of fruit extract evaluated for antibacterial activity. Fraction having piperine has significant activity against multi drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium spp. than other purified fractions of fruit extract. The current finding encourages us to develop new alternative medicine that includes piperine alone and/or in combination with other drugs to fight against the drug resistance among Mycobacterial strains.
Biologics (biological agents): A new approach in the treatment of psoriasis
(Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd, 2016) Singh Satyapal; J.S. Tripathi; N.P. Rai
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial systemic disorder with predominant manifestation over the skin and/or joints resulting from interactions between genetic pre-disposition and triggering environmental factors. Due to its systemic nature, patients exhibit a broad spectrum of symptoms that vary in severity. Although many patients, particularly those with the limited form of the disease, may be treated with topical therapy, those with extensive (moderate to severe) psoriasis eventually require phototherapy, systemic, or biologic therapy to adequately suppress the systemic, immunopathogenic process. Biological agents (biologics or biologicals) are a set of different engineered proteins. These are immunosuppressive agents, designed to selectively interfere with the immune mechanisms that induce psoriasis. Their use is restricted to the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis, which has failed to respond to systemic therapies (and/or phototherapy) or where such treatments are contra-indicated or not tolerated. Biologics are becoming increasingly useful for the treatment of many skin diseases including psoriasis, particularly as alternatives for patients who have failed to tolerate or respond to conventional systemic therapies or where non-biologic systemic agents are unsuitable due to the presence of comorbidities. Biological therapies provide a targeted approach to treatment through interaction with specific components of the underlying immune and inflammatory disease processes. © 2016, Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Clinical evaluation of Virechan therapy and Haridradi Vati and oil for the management of Kitibh Kushtha (Psoriasis)
(International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2013) Satyapal Singh; P.S. Byadgi; N.P. Rai
It is generally an accepted concept in medicine that the skin can develop signs of internal disease. in reality, concise differential diagnosis and the identification of these disorders are actually difficult for the nondermatologist because he or she is not well-versed in the recognition of cutaneous lesions or their spectrum of presentations. the skin is the largest organ of our body. it is one of the five 'gyanendriyas' as described in ayurvedic texts, which is responsible for 'sparsha gyan' or touch sensation. therefore, it plays a major role in physical and mental well being of any individual. in ayurveda, all the skin disease has been described under the umbrella of kushtha. they are further classified into mahakushtha and kshudrakushtha. according to charaka kitibh is vat-kapha predominant and according to sushruta, it is pitta predominant kshudrakushtha. kitibh kushtha may be correlated to psoriasis due to their more or less similar clinical presentations. therefore, in this clinical trial we have planned to study the clinical effect of virechan therapy (for elimination of pitta) and haridradi vati and oil (for samshaman of vat-kapha) in kitibh kushtha. kitibh kushtha is characterized by patches which are blackish brown in colour, rough and coarse in nature, exudative, round, thick along with severe itching. psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases affecting up to 2.5% of the world's population. it is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory skin disorder clinically characterised by pink-red, silvery scale, sharply demarcated lesions on the skin surface especially over elbows, knees, scalp and presacral areas. present clinical study comprises of randomly selected eighteen registered cases of psoriasis (kitibh kushtha ) from opd and ipd of kayachikitsa, sir sundarlal hospital, b.h.u.,varanasi, have been treated with virechan therapy and haridradi vati and oil (containing haridra , bakuchi , guduchi and gomutra) to assess the clinical efficacy of virechan and these ayurvedic remedies. significant changes in subjective and objective criteria were observed. however, no significant changes observed in respect to haematological, biochemical, urine examination and stool examination.
Effect of eranda taila and ruksha (baluka) sweda in the treatment of amavata with reference to rheumatoid arthritis
(International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2014) Pramod Kumar Mishra; N.P. Rai
Rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory disorder, has similar clinical presentation as amavata. Modern system of medicine is effective in alleviating agony of pain but there is no complete remission of this disease. Researchers have proved that Ayurvedic management is effective in curing and checking progression of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of eranda taila and ruksha baluka sweda in the management of amavata vis-à-vis rheumatoid arthritis. Present clinical trial was carried out on 16 patients selected from the Sir Sundar Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India; for this study, eranda oil and dry fomentation by sand (ruksha baluka sweda) were used which is described in Chakradutta. There was significant improvement in symptoms and it was evident clinically and stastically too. The therapy was proved quite effective in the management of amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis).
Inhibitory response of drug resistant bacteria towards methanol extract of Piper longum L. fruit
(2010) Chandan Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Kunwar Awaneesh Singh; Aradhana Singh; Gopal Nath; N.P. Rai
Plant extract could be a potential source of compounds usable against antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria because of structurally novelty from traditionally used microorganisms with high stability and activity in extreme conditions. The activity of different solvent extracts of Piper longum L. fruit on some selected pathogenic drug resistant bacterial strains were weight up. The fruit extracts were evaluated against four gram positive and four gram negative pathogenic bacteria by Disk diffusion method. Fruit extracted in methanol, chloroform and hexane were effective against all tested bacterial strains however, methanol extract showed relatively better antibacterial activity against most of the tested bacterial strains. Methanol extract of Piper longum L. fruit also showed excellent antibacterial activity against hospital isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosaR, Salmonella typhiR and Staphylococcus aureusR which were resistant to Oflaxacine. The present work will be a pioneer approach towards solving the most challenging problem of antibiotic therapy i.e. developing resistance in bacterial pathogens against commonly and currently used antibiotics.