Browsing by Author "Namdev L. Dhas"

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Hypoxia-Responsive Delivery Nanoplatforms in Cancer Theranostics
(CRC Press, 2023) Priyanka Mishra; Yamini B. Tripathi; Namdev L. Dhas; Neha Garg
Hypoxia, a key feature of the majority of widely disseminated solid tumours, is critical for angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to conventional cancer therapeutic methods, promoting the development of cancer. However, hypoxic cells’ typical characteristics, such as a highly bio-reductive environment and low oxygen concentration, can provide stimuli-responsive drug release to aid in tumour-specific radio, chemo, sonodynamic, and photodynamic therapies. This strategy, which focuses on the habitats of inadequately oxygenated tumours, offers the potential to get around problems caused by the heterogeneous nature of tumours and may be applied to the construction of diagnostic and therapeutic nanocarriers for many solid cancer types. As a result, research into effective methods to address drug resistance in solid tumours is proceeding quickly in hypoxia-triggered nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The development of hypoxia-responsive nanovehicles for drug delivery to heterogeneous cancers has made considerable strides, which are presented in this chapter. The chapter’s opening sections give readers an understanding of how hypoxia develops in cancer cells as they grow and how it affects the course of the disease. Also mentioned are the existing drawbacks and potential future applications of hypoxia-stimulated nanomachines for the treatment of cancer. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Yashwant V. Pathak, Jayvadan K. Patel, Namdev L. Dhas and Vipul P. Patel; individual chapters, the contributors.
ROS-Responsive Delivery Nanoplatforms in Cancer Theranostics
(CRC Press, 2023) Naina Rajak; Praveen Kumar; Namdev L. Dhas; Yashasvi Singh; Neha Garg
The partial reduction of molecular oxygen produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Free radicals such as O2•- and H2O2 are the well-known studied ROS in various cancers. ROS plays a crucial role in abnormal cell proliferation and growth. ROS increases genetic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis and causes damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Elevated levels of ROS also act as pro-tumourigenic by activating pro-survival signalling pathways and loss of function of tumour suppressor genes. ROS enhances the dysfunction of metabolic activity and the formation of oncogenic stimulations. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in exploring nanoparticles as drug carriers in the construction of drug delivery systems. Targeted nanomedicine therapy is supposed to be a promising strategy for treating cancers. Tumour cells contain typical characteristics, such as low oxygen level, low pH level, high expression of enzymes, and elevation in ROS levels. These all provide low drug targeting, weak drug delivery efficiency, and poor drug penetration in tissues. As a result, researchers use these characteristics as stimulating factors to construct nanocarriers that can enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-tumorous drugs. The development of ROS-responsive nanovehicles for drug delivery to various cancers has made considerable strides, as explained in this chapter. Also mentioned are the existing drawbacks and potential future applications of ROS-stimulated nanoparticles for treating heterogeneous cancer. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Yashwant V. Pathak, Jayvadan K. Patel, Namdev L. Dhas and Vipul P. Patel; individual chapters, the contributors.