Browsing by Author "Narayan Dutta"

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Comparative nutritional evaluation of raw and detoxified karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake by in vitro gas production technique
(Indian journals, 2016) V.K. Paswan; Narayan Dutta; A.K. Pattanaik; K. Sharma
Karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is an important proteinaceous feeding resource for livestock available as by-product from biodiesel industry. However, its use in livestock feeding is restricted due to the presence of toxic principles. A suitable method of detoxification of karanj cake was evolved which resulted into substantial removal of major toxins viz., karanjin, pongamol and trypsin inhibitors while preserving its nutrients. Further, both raw and detoxified karanj cake were subjected to in vitro study by incorporation at 0 (control), 12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0, 62.5, 75.0, 87.5 and 100 percent levels by replacing soybean meal in the concentrate mixtures (22% CP) on protein equivalent basis. Concentrate mixtures and fine ground wheat straw (1:1 on weight basis) was used as substrate for in vitro study. The substrate degradation in terms of gas volume produced in 24 h (ml/200 mg), truly degradable organic matter in rumen (TDOMR; mg/200 mg), TDOMR%, partitioning factor, microbial biomass production (MBP; mg/200 mg) and efficiency of microbial biomass production (MBP/100 mg TDOMR) were found to be comparable (P > 0.05) for both raw and detoxified karanj cake. It may be concluded that complete replacement of soybean meal with either raw or detoxified karanj cake in vitro did not exert any adverse effect on substrate degradation and efficiency of microbial biomass production.
Effect of Feed Supplement on In vitro Gas Production, Substrate Degradation and Efficiency of Microbial Biomass Production
(Indian journals, 2020) S.K. Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; S.E. Jadhav; A.K. Pattanaik
The present study was conducted to ascertain the efficacy of a special feed supplement (SFS) in the ration of dairy animals by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT). For this, four substrates viz., wheat straw, SFS, the composite diet typically used by dairy farmers (control; CON) and a combination of the CON and SFS (TREAT) were studied for in vitro fermentation kinetics and substrate degradation. The total gas volume (mL/200 mg) produced after 24 h of incubation was significantly (P<0.01) higher for SFS as compared to CON, TREAT and wheat straw. The microbial biomass production (MBP, mg/200 mg), the efficiency of microbial biomass production (EMP,%TDOMR) and partitioning factor (PF) were found to be significantly (P<0.01) higher in SFS as compared to TREAT, CON and wheat straw. The fortification of CON diet with the SFS significantly (P<0.01) increased the MBP, EMP and PF as compared to CON. The cumulative gas production at different hours of incubation was significantly (P<0.05) higher in SFS followed by TREAT, CON and wheat straw. The addition of the SFS to CON diet had significantly (P<0.05) increased the cumulative gas production. The potential gas production (b) was significantly (P<0.05) higher for SFS as compared to other substrates; however, the inclusion of SFS to CON diet led to significantly (P<0.05) higher potential gas production as compared to CON and wheat straw. The fractional rate of fermentation (c) was also found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in SFS followed by TREAT, CON and wheat straw. Furthermore, the addition of SFS to CON diet had significantly (P<0.05) reduced gas production at half time (t½) as compared to CON. Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of the special feed supplement to CON significantly improved the fractional rate of fermentation ‘c’, TDOMR, MBP, EMP and PF. Furthermore, it reduced the half time (t½) of asymptotic gas production. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
Effect of rice bran crude lecithin blended diet on rumen ecology, metabolic profile, and milk fat indices affecting human health
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Dharmesh Tewari; V.B. Chaturvedi; Narayan Dutta; Sandeep Kr. Chaudhary
Two experiments are conducted to find out the effect of rice bran crude lecithin on rumen ecology, milk fat quality, metabolic indices, and leptin (LEP) gene expression. In first experiment, 12 crossbred calves are randomly divided into two groups, that is, RBCL-0 and RBCL-6, and they are fed wheat straw based diet with concentrate mixture containing 0% RBCL (CM1) and 6% RBCL (CM2), respectively, for 120 d for rumen fermentation study. Ruminal ammonia-N and short chain fatty acids and rumen microbes are nonsignificantly affected in RBCL calves. In second experiment, 12 lactating cows are randomly divided into RBCL-0 and RBCL-6 groups and fed CM1 and CM2 concentrate along with napier grass as roughage. In milk fatty acid profile, C16:1 fatty acid is significantly lower while cis-C18:1 is significantly higher in the RBCL supplemented cows. The atherogenic index and thrombogenic index are 16 and 19% lower while health promoting index, polyunsaturated saturated fatty acids, and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic are 16, 10, and 16, respectively, higher in RBCL-6 cows. The mean nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxy butyric acid value is lower while LEP gene expression is higher in RBCL supplemented cows than control cows. The milk income is higher in RBCL cows. Finally, it can be concluded that RBCL at 6% in concentrate mixture of dairy ration do not adversely affect the rumen ecology. Although RBCL has capacity to enhance health properties of milk fat along with profitability, still more studies are warranted. Practical applications: Cow milk has always been an important component of the human diet in the world. The milk composition, especially fat, is directly influenced by feeding regime in dairy animals. In the milk fat, the unsaturated fatty acids (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids) help in improving the health condition of consumers along with the keeping quality of milk. In this series, rice bran crude lecithin was used in the dairy ration and found that it altered certain metabolic parameters and gene expression, which may be beneficial for animal health without altering rumen fermentation. Although RBCL substantially modify the milk fatty acid profile and improves the fat indices which will enhance the human health by protecting them from cardiovascular diseases. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
EFFECT OF STRATEGIC SUPPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL FEED SUPPLEMENT ON ZOO-TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES, METABOLIC PROFILE, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALOES
(Kasetsart University, 2024) Sandeep Kumar Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; Sunil Ekanath Jadhav; Gyanendra Singh; Sanjay Kumar Singh; Dharmesh Tewari
The present experiment aimed to establish the efficacy of a novel feed supplement (NFS) on nutrient intake, energy status, metabolic profile, milk yield, reproductive performance and its socio-economic impact on problematic postpartum buffaloes under field condition. Twenty-four post-partum buffaloes were randomly and equally assigned to CON and NFS groups for 120 days of experimental feeding period. The animals in CON group were fed on basal roughages and concentrate mixture 20% of DMI as per the farmers’ practices, whereas buffaloes in NFS group were fed according to CON with additional novel feed supplement 0.25% of BW. The voluntary feed intake and average daily gain in body weight were increased in NFS than CON group. The buffaloes fed NFS diet exhibited higher Hb, haematocrit, serum glucose and lower NEFA. Serum minerals (Ca, iP, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn), metabolic hormones (T3, T4, GH, IGF-1) and total antioxidant capacity were enhanced in NFS group. The milk yield and conception rate were also improved significantly following strategic supplementation of NFS. Analyses of cost benefit of milk yield revelled that the benefit-cost ratio was improved in NFS fed buffaloes. Thus, it can be concluded that strategic supplementation the novel feed supplement 0.25% of BW significantly improved the nutrient intake, energy balance, metabolic profile, milk yield and reproduction performance of problematic buffaloes under field condition during early post-partum period. © 2024, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.
Exploratory studies on the detoxification of karanj cake through various processing techniques
(Indian journals, 2020) V.K. Paswan; Narayan Dutta; A.K. Pattanaik; K. Sharma
The present study aimed at ascertaining the comparative efficacy ofdetoxification of karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake through a combination of chemical and physical processing methods. The chemical treatments involved use of organic solvents (methanol and n-hexane) and dilute acids (1-1.5% HCl and glacial acetic acid) while the physical processing methods involved refluxing, cold maceration with agitation, soaking and finally drying. The efficacies of various detoxification methods applied were evaluated on the basis of the extent to which it has reduced the toxins along with possible alterations in its nutritive potential. Among all the chemical treatments employed, cold maceration with methanol along with agitation resulted in maximum reduction of karanjin (51% reduction; 0.25% vs. 0.51% in raw karanj cake). Maximum removal of pongamol (0.095% in original to non-detectable level) was observed upon soaking the karanj cake with methanol followed by water soaking. The acid treatments with hydrochloric and glacial acetic acids significantly (P<0.05) reduced trypsin inhibitor activity; however, levels of karanjin and pongamol remained unchanged. Maximum reduction in trypsin inhibitor activity (82% reduction; 5.40 vs. 30.06TIU/ mg of protein) was observed in detoxification method involving treatment with hydrochloric acid for 12h. None of the treatment attempted could alone reduce the level of all the three major toxins to maximal reduction level. Treatment with organic solvent led to substantial removal of karanjin and pongamol, but treatment with hydrochloric and glacial acetic acid reduced trypsin inhibitor activity substantially. It was concluded that, a combination of organic solvent treatment and acid or heat treatment has the potential to remove all the three major toxins of karanj cake. © 2019 Indian journals.
Hydroponic Forage for Ruminant Feeding: A Comprehensive Review
(Indian journals, 2024) M.S. Mahesh; Sandeep K. Chaudhary; Dharmesh Tewari; Narayan Dutta
The technology of growing forage crops without the support of soil, but in an aqueous medium is known as hydroponic forage (HPF). Unlike soil-based traditional cultivation, with HPF, the growth cycle of forage will be shorter (4-10 days), which can ensure round-the-year forage availability either from lowcost or hi-tech HPF devices. In addition, HPF is immune to weather fluctuations and is a climatically resilient agricultural practice. On the nutritional front, while the crude protein content is known to augment in HPF compared with original grain and conventional green forage; energy will be greater than green forage but lower than grain. In this backdrop, the present updated review discusses the zoo-technical attributes such as intake, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, growth and feed efficiency, lactation, reproduction and health status of ruminants upon feeding varied species of cereal-and legume HPF. Tradeoffs between animal productivity and economic feasibility have been inconsistent in the literature on feeding HPF. Furthermore, the potential merits and pitfalls of HPF vis-à-vis economic delivery of nutrients for practical diet formulation are also highlighted along with the way forward to leverage the benefits of this technology in the context of tropical livestock production systems under changing climatic scenario. © 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved.
Novel Feed Supplement Improved Metabolic Hormones, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Response and Gene Expression in Postpartum Cows
(Indian journals, 2024) Sandeep K. Chaudhary; Narayan Dutta; Sunil E. Jadhav; Gyanendra Singh; Sanjay K. Singh; Dharmesh Tewari
This study was taken up to assess the efficacy of a customized novel feed supplement on circulating concentration of metabolic hormones, antioxidant activity, immune response and expression of immune related cytokines and genes involved in energy metabolism in early postpartum dairy cows. Postpartum crossbred lactating cows (N=12) were equally and randomly allocated to CON (control) and NFS (Novel Feed Supplement) groups. The cattle in CON group were fed on green fodder and wheat straw-based diet with concentrate mixture, whereas, cattle in NFS group were fed according to CON group with additional novel feed supplement @ 0.25% of BW. The feeding trials was continued from 60 days post-partum to 150 days lactation period (total experimental period was 90 days). Circulating concentration of T3, T4, GH and IGF-1 hormones were significantly (P<0.05) increased in NFS than CON group. The cows fed NFS diet exhibited significantly (P<0.001) enhanced antioxidant activity than their counterpart fed CON diet. Cell mediated immune response and fold expression of immune related cytokines were significantly (P<0.05) improved in NFS fed cows implicating an improved immune response. The fold expression of LEP gene was higher (P<0.001) and GHRL gene was lower (P<0.001) in NFS than CON groups. Thus, it can be concluded that, dietary inclusion of the novel feed supplement @ 0.25% of BW significantly improved the circulating concentration of metabolic hormones, antioxidant activity, immunity and overall health of lactating crossbred cattle during early lactation period. © 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved.