Browsing by Author "Narendra Kumar Singh"

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Accelerated stability study of Chitrak Haritaki avaleha
(International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2016) Varun Kumar Singh; M.K. Nandi; Narendra Kumar Singh
Objective: Accelerated stability study of Chitrak Haritaki avaleha was done for six months to know the stability of formulation in reference of its phyto-constituents and microbial growth therein. Methods: Chitrak Haritaki avaleha was made in laboratory following classical method [Sample lab (SL)] as per AFI part-1(The Ayurvedic formulary of India, part-1) and two samples were collected from local market [Market Sample-1(MK-1) & Market sample-2 (MK-2)] of reputed brand. These three samples were put in controlled condition following ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines for accelerated stability study for six months. The intermediate samplings were done at starting, after one, three and six month respectively. These samples were investigated for reducing sugar, phyto-constituents (Total tannins, piperine, vitamin C and total polyphenols contents), microbial load and their organoleptic characteristics. Results: All the results were calculated and compared for variation during course of time. Variation in the result of samples was evaluated against Arrhenius equation which ensured that formulation was stable over two years and no significant variation was found over six month of accelerated stability condition. Conclusion: Since it is traditional avalehakalpana, the shelf life period was about one year (Sharangdhar Samhita) and updated to three year in Drug and cosmetic rule 1945, 161B. The presented study reflect that Chitrak Haritaki avaleha was stable over two year (by taking inference from Arrhenious equation) and more sophisticated packing may improve the shelf life period. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd.
Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the roots of Uraria picta
(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2017) Kritika Hem; Narendra Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh
Introduction: Uraria picta (Jacq.) commonly known as Prishnaparni, is one of the important ingredients of the 10 herb formulation called "Dashmula," used for the treatment of fever and inflammation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of methanol extract of the roots of U. picta (UPME) at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. in experimental models of rats. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract was performed by egg albumin-induced and formalin induced rats paw edema. Paracetamol (PCM)-induced liver injury model was used to explore the hepatoprotective activity of UPME. Results: Methanolic roots extract showed significant activity against both models of inflammation. UPME (400, 200, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced inflammation in egg albumin and formalin treated in dose-dependent manner. Administration of PCM 2000 mg/kg induced liver injury in rats, and therefore, increased the level of enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood. Administration of UPME 400, 200 and 100 decreased the level of enzymes ALT, ALP and AST significantly which were found comparable with the standard drug silymarin 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the ability of U. picta to exert anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects.
Anticancer activity of the roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br. and isolated triterpenes
(2014) Narendra Kumar Singh; Virendra Pratap Singh
The roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens along with roots of Cissampelos pareira, Bauhinia vahlii and Ardisia solanacea are processed together and given orally to cure stomach cancer by the tribes of Chotanagpur and Santhal parganas of Bihar, India. In vitro anticancer activity of the residue from methanolic extract of roots of I. frutescens (MIF) and isolated triterpenes were evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using MCF-7, BEL-7402, SPC-A-1 and SGC-7901 cancer cell lines. MIF showed significant anticancer activity on four cancer cell lines with IC50 values 163.5±3.58, 156.3±2.95, 142.6±2.60 and 112.4±1.85 respectively as compared to vehicle treated control. Ursolic acid showed anticancer activity on four cancer cell lines with IC50 values 8.5±0.29, 9.9±0.12, 8.1±0.40 and 6.2±0.23 respectively, while IC50 values for α-amyrin on four cancer cell lines was found to be 7.2±0.12, 8.2±0.29, 7.6±0.06 and 5.0±0.12 respectively.
Antidiabetic activity of polyherbomineral formulation: Chandrakala rasa
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Alok Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Maurya; Damiki Laloo; Narendra Kumar Singh; Ankit Seth
Objective: Chandrakala rasa (CKR), a herbomineral formulation is used to treat diabetes mellitus in ayurvedic system of health care. The present study aims to evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of CKR in normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD)-induced Type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Effects of CKR (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) on hypoglycemia as well as on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated in normoglycemic rats by measuring the blood glucose concentrations. Similarly, blood glucose level was measured after 7, 14 and 21 days in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats treated with CKR. Different biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were estimated in a blood sample. In vivo antioxidant potential of CKR was measured in isolated liver sample of rats. Results: CKR (400 mg/kg, p.o.) did not show any hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. In OGTT, it significantly reduced the hike in blood glucose levels within 30-60 min after glucose administration without causing any hypoglycemic effect. Administration of CKR significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels on 7th, 14th and 21st days in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of rats with CKR reversed plasma lipid profile as well as increases liver glycogen level significantly in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with CKR in diabetic rats significantly restored the levels of lipid per-oxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase as compared to negative control rats. Conclusion: The present study showed that CKR has antidiabetic activity probably because of antioxidant potential.
Ayurvedic strategy to achieve sustainable development goal 3: Management of cancer (Arbuda)
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2022) Anupriya Singh; Anjali Upadhyay; Jyoti Singh; Ambrish Kumar Singh; Dev Nath Singh Gautam; Narendra Kumar Singh
Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality as well as growing health problems worldwide. Effective drugs and therapies are available for different kinds of cancer also having side effects; hence people seek relatively safer as well as cost-effective alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of cancer. The objective of the present chapter is to provide Ayurvedic concept-based evidence for the treatment and management of cancer to the academician and researcher who garners interest in cancer. The present study provides comprehensive information about Arbuda (cancer) and its probable remedy through Ayurveda and fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that is SDG 3. Arbuda develops due to Mithya Ahar (unhealthy diet) and Mithya Vihar (unhealthy lifestyle) leading to imbalance in Vatadi Doshas (regulatory functional factors of the body) which leads to vitiation of Dhatus (major structural components of the body). Vitiated Dhatus results in the formation of muscular swelling anywhere in the body with the appearance of large, circular, immobile, less painful, slowly growing and deep-seated swelling such a clinical entity termed as Arbuda. Symptomatically, Arbuda may have a resemblance with clinical entities such as cancer. However, the exact pathogenesis of cancer does not match these two conditions, but still, it may be possibly correlated up to a certain extent. The involvement of one or two Doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha), produce benign neoplasm which is harmless but the association of all three Doshas (Sannipataja/Tridoshaja) produces malignant neoplasm, which is harmful. The term Dviarbuda (metastasis) and Adhyarbuda (recurrence) are considered Asadhya (incurable) and these two terminologies may be correlated to the metastatic growth of cancer cells. Management of Arbuda includes all those plants having Laghu, Ruksha and Tikshna Guna may possess Lekhana and Kaphashamak action. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc..
Comparative estimation and chemical standardization of new and old sample of Chyawanprash
(2013) Arka Ghosh; Damiki Laloo; Narendra Kumar Singh
Objective: The present study was carried out to compare the quality of new and 24 months old sample of Chyawanprash from the same brand. Material and Methods: Total polyphenolics, total reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), and fibre content were measured in the both new and 24 months old sample of Chyawanprash. Results: Results obtained reveal the reduction in the percentage of total polyphenolics, total reducing sugar, ascorbic acid content while high level of HMF in the old sample as compared with new sample of Chyawanprash. Conclusion: The results indicate that chemical degradation might take place during storage and may result in the loss of therapeutic activity of Chyawanprash.
Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Tephrosia purpurea
(Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines Editorial Board, 2014) Satadru Palbag; Bijay K. Dey; Narendra Kumar Singh
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. is popularly known as 'Sarapunkha' in classical Ayurvedic texts. It is a perennial plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, and occurs throughout the Indian subcontinent. T. purpurea is traditionally used to treat spleenomegaly, cirrhosis, cough and cold, abdominal swelling and as an antidote in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Phytochemical investigations indicate the presence of semiglabrin, pongamole, lanceolatins A and B, rutin, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. Flavonoids including (+)-tephrorin A and B, (+)-tephrosone, an isoflavone, 7, 4'-dihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxyisoflavone and a chalcone, (+)-tephropurpurin were isolated from the whole plant. Pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant reported include anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antitumor and insect repellent activity. In the present review, the literature on the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. are summarized to August, 2012. © 2014 China Pharmaceutical University.
Evaluation of cathode heater assembly for 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2014) Udaybir Singh; S.K. Sharma; Narendra Kumar Singh; Hasina Khatun; Nitin Kumar; M.K. Alaria; R.S. Raju; P.K. Jain; A.K. Sinha
In this paper, the evaluation of cathode-heater assembly of magnetron injection gun (MIG) for 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron is presented. The cathode-heater assembly is purchased from M/S SEMICON.The cathode-heater assembly is experimentally studied in three different conditions; in a belljar system, during vacuum processing of MIG and during MIG testing to ensure the required rise of cathode surface temperature for pre-set heater power. © 2014 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.
Isolation, characterization and antioxidant activity of dodecyl-p-coumarate from Ipomoea sepiaria
(2014) Narendra Kumar Singh; Virendra Pratap Singh
Ipomoea sepiaria Koenig in Roxb. Hort. Beng., commonly known as Lakshmana, is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of burning sensation, general debility & sterility in women, hyperdypsia, constipation, diabetes and leucorrhea by the ethnic groups in India. In the present study two compounds ISPE-2 and ISPE-5 were isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plant (MEIS). Isolated compound (ISPE-2) was quantified in MEIS by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Both MEIS and ISPE-2 were screened for in-vitro antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) radical, superoxide radical and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) scavenging capacity. Chloroform: methanol (98: 2) fraction yielded a white crystalline compound ISPE-2 (250 mg) and chloroform: methanol (95: 5) fraction yielded a white amorphous powder, ISPE-5 (20 mg). Quantity of ISPE-2 in MEIS was found to be 9.25 %. Both MEIS and ISPE-2 were found to have antioxidant activity, but activity of ISPE-2 (IC50 >100) was found significantly low as compared to MEIS (IC50 <100). On the basis of spectroscopic data and physical properties, structure of ISPE-2 and ISPE-5 were confirmed as dodecyl-p-coumarate and β-sitosterol respectively. Since antioxidant activity of isolated compound ISPE-2 is low as compared to the activity of extract from which it is isolated, hence antioxidant activity of MEIS is not only due to the presence of ISPE-2 but might be due to the presence of several other compounds.
Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of Croton bonplandianum
(IJPPS, 2014) Narendra Kumar Singh; Arka Ghosh; Damiki Laloo; Virendra Pratap Singh
Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and pharmacognostical standardization parameters for C. bonplandianum. Methods: Physicochemical and pharmacognostical standardization parameters for C. bonplandianum was developed as per the methods provided in World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Quantitative estimation of flavonoid total phenolics, tannins and total saponines contents were estimated by UV-spectrophotometry. Total alkaloids content was estimated by gravimetric analysis. Results: Morphological observations revealed that leaves of C. bonplandianum are simple, petiolate, alternate, 3-5 cm long, oval to lanceolate in shape, serrated margin with acute apex. The stem is cylindrical, branched, woody, light brown in color, odourless and bitter in taste. Roots are small, dark brown to black in color, cylindrical, odourless and bitter in taste. Histological observations revealed the presence of discontinuous layer of lignified sclerenchymatous cells (stone cells), paracytic stomata, stellate trichomes, xylem with scalariform thickenings and libriform fibres. Qualitative and quantitative study of phytoconstituents revealed the presence of flavonoids (0.57% w/w, equivalent to rutin), phenolics (4.25% w/w, equivalent to tannic acid) tannins (2.15% w/w, equivalent tannic acid) and saponins (7.4% w/w, equivalent to diosgenin) and gravimetric estimation of alkaloids content was found to be 2.5% w/w. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters studied in the present investigation will aid in the identification and will be helpful in maintaining the standard profile of C. Bonplandianum.
Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ichnocarpus frutescens
(China Pharmaceutical University, 2012) Narendra Kumar Singh; V.P. Singh
Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br. (Apocynaceae), is a woody climbing shrub, found almost in all parts of India. In India, tribes used this plant as a substitute of Indian Sarsaparilla (Hemidesmus indicus) for the treatment of atrophy, convulsions, cough, delirium, dysentery, measles, splenomegaly, tuberculosis, tumor, diabetes as a lactogogue, antipyretic, demulcent, diaphoretic and in skin diseases. Phytochemical investigations indicate that 28 compounds reported from the plant belong to various chemical category viz. phytosterol, triterpenes, flavonoids and various other phenolic compounds. Pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant reported include antiurolithiatic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antitumor activity. In the present review the literature data on the phytochemical and biological investigations on the I. frutescens are summarized up to March 2011. © 2012 China Pharmaceutical University.
Pongamol from the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea exert anti-cancer activity against cervical cancer cell line
(National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, 2023) Snehal Kumari; Neha Chaudhary; Khushbu Priya; Geeta Rai; Dev Nath Singh Gautam; Narendra Kumar Singh
Tephrosia purpurea belongs to the family Fabaceae, is used for the treatment of inflammation, diabetes, cancer, chronic fever, boils, gingivitis etc. In the present study, three compounds (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5) were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of T. purpurea (EETP). Quantity of TP-3 (6.05%) in EETP was determined by HPLC. In-vitro anti-cancer activity of EETP and isolated compound TP-3 on SiHa cells as well as PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physical properties, structure of isolated compounds TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5 were characterized as teclenone, pongamol and β-sitosterol respectively. Isolated compound TP-3 showed cytotoxicity against SiHa cells with the IC50 33.06 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed significant cytotoxicity at the concentration range from 20-50 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (72.75%) was observed at the concentration of 50 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed non-significant cytotoxicity against PBMCs cells at all the concentrations except at 50 µgmL-1 (cytotoxicity 24.19%). EETP showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50 value 113.63 µgmL-1) against SiHa cells at the concentration range from 75-150 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (75.34%) was observed at the concentration of 150 µgmL-1. © 2023, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved.
Purification of Guggul by Ayurvedic process (Shodhana), estimation of guggulsterone E & Z before and after purification by HPLC analysis
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2018) Prince Kumar Pal; Goli Penchala Prasad; Gajji Babu; Dev Nath Singh Gautam; Narendra Kumar Singh
Guggul is one of the Ayurvedic product in great demand, used for over thousands of years and high status for its versatile use in several ailments. The two most important pharmacological properties of guggul are its anti-inflammatory and hypolipidaemic actions. The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of three different media of purification (water, cow’s urine and Triphala Kashaya (decoction of three myrobalans)) of raw guggul on its markers Guggulsterone E & Z at different heating temperature during Shodhana (purification) process. The guggul purified by different methods was found to be quite variable in reference to physico-chemical parameters and its marker compounds Guggulsterone E & Z by HPLC analysis at similar chromatographic conditions. The Guggulsterone E & Z was found in the order: water > cow’s urine > Triphla Kashaya (0.29 w/w, 0.24 w/w and 0.16 w/w, respectively at 85 °C to 95 °C). But the same raw guggul purified with same media like water, cow’s urine and Triphala Kashaya at temperature 60 °C to 70 °C showed the presence of high quantity of Guggulsterone E & Z (0.49 w/w, 0.45 w/w and 0.30 w/w for water, cow’s urine and Triphala Kashaya, respectively), as compared to the quantity of Guggulsterone E & Z found at temperature 85 °C to 95 °C. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of Ni-substituted Co3O4for oxygen evolution in alkaline medium
(International Information and Engineering Technology Association, 2018) Basant Lal; Ravindra Nath Singh; Narendra Kumar Singh
Cobalt based Ni-substituted spinel-type oxides were synthesized by carbonate co-precipitation method using Na2CO3 as precipitant and studied their electrocatalytic properties towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Materials were synthesized by using nitrates of nickel and cobalt. For electrochemical studies, oxide powder was transformed in the form of oxide film electrode on nickel substrate. Techniques used were cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic Tafel polarization. Results obtained show that the Ni-substitution in Co3O4 matrix increase the oxide roughness factor considerably but did not significantly contribute in electrocatalytic properties for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Tafel slope and order of reacton with respect to [OH-] concentration at low overpotential were found to be ~2.303RT/nF and ~1, respectively. The effect of temperature on the electrochemical behaviopur has also been investigated for oxide electrode. Thermodynamic parameters such as, standard electrochemical enthalpy of activation (δH0#el), standard enthalpy of activation (δH0#) and standard entropy of activation (δS0#) were estimated by recording the Tafel polarization curves at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques have been used to characterize the materials physicochemically. © J. New Mat. Electrochem. Systems.
UV-spectrophotometric method development for estimation of piperine in Chitrakadi Vati
(2011) Narendra Kumar Singh; Pramod Kumar; Devendra Kumar Gupta; Satyendra Singh; Varun Kumar Singh
A simple, rapid and precise spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of piperine in Ayurvedic formulation Chitrakadi Vati. Three marketed preparations of Chitrakadi Vati containing black pepper (Piper nigrum) and pippali (Piper longum) from different manufacturer (CV-1, CV-2 and CV-3) were taken in this study to estimate the % w/w of piperine. The % w/w content of piperine in the marketed preparations of Chitrakadi Vati CV-1, CV-2 and CV-3 were found to be 0.1032%, 0.0852% and 0.0898 % w/w respectively. Recovery studies were carried out by standard addition method and the average percentage recovery of the three samples CV-1, CV-2 and CV-3 were found to be 98.51%, 99.12% and 98.92% respectively.