Browsing by Author "Neelam Mittal"

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3-D diagnosis-assisted management of anomalous mandibular molar
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2012) Neelam Mittal; Isha Narang
This case report describes the successful non-surgical endodontic management of carious exposed three-rooted mandibular molar with four root canals detected on the pre-operative radiograph taken with 20 degrees mesial angulation and confirmed with a 64-slice helical computed tomography scan-assisted 3-D-reconstructed images. Access cavity shape was modified to locate the extra canal with respect to the distolingual root in the left mandibular first molar. Copious irrigation was accomplished with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. Biomechanical preparation was done using protapers. Calcium hydroxide dressing was done for 1 week. The tooth was obturated using gutta percha and AH 26 root canal sealer, and it was permanently restored with composite. Clinical examination on follow-up visits revealed no sensitivity to percussion and palpation in the left mandibular first molar. Thorough knowledge of root canal variations and use of advanced diagnostic modalities lead to successful non-surgical management of the complex cases. © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
A comparative evaluation of natural and artificial scaffolds in regenerative endodontics: A clinical study
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Shreya Sharma; Neelam Mittal
Aim: To evaluate and compare the regenerative potential of natural autologous scaffolds (blood clot and platelet rich fibrin [PRF]) with artificial scaffolds (commercially available collagen and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid [PLGA] polymer) in inducing apexogenesis in necrotic immature permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: Necrotic immature permanent maxillary incisors with or without radiographic evidence of periapical lesion were included. Access opening was done under rubber dam isolation. Canal disinfection was done using minimal instrumentation, copious irrigation, and triple antibiotic paste as interappointment medicament for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, asymptomatic teeth were divided into four groups on the basis of scaffolds used for revascularization procedure: Group I (blood clot); Group II (PRF); Group III (collagen); Group IV (PLGA). The clinical and radiographic evaluations of teeth were done at 6 and 12 months after the procedure and compared with baseline records. Result: Clinically, patients were completely asymptomatic throughout the study period. Radiographically, all cases showed improvement in terms of periapical healing, apical closure, root lengthening, and dentinal wall thickening. PRF and collagen gave better results than blood clot and PLGA in terms of periapical healing, apical closure, and dentinal wall thickening. Conclusion: Revascularization procedure is more effective and conservative over apexification in the management of necrotic immature permanent teeth. This study has shown that PRF and collagen are better scaffolds than blood clot and PLGA for inducing apexogenesis in immature necrotic permanent teeth. © 2016 Saudi Endodontic Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
A comparative evaluation of the blood clot, platelet-rich plasma, and platelet-rich fibrin in regeneration of necrotic immature permanent teeth: A clinical study
(Medknow Publications, 2015) Isha Narang; Neelam Mittal; Navin Mishra
Introduction: This study was designed as a clinical trial to evaluate and compare the regenerative potential of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and blood clot in immature necrotic permanent teeth with or without associated apical periodontitis. Methods: Access preparation was done under rubber dam isolation. Copious irrigation was done with 2.5% NaOCl and triple antibiotic paste was placed as an intracanal medicament. After 4 weeks, the cases were divided into four groups with five patients in each group. The study design had three test arms and one control arm. Group I in which mineral trioxide aggregate apexification was carried out and it was kept as control group to evaluate the regenerative potential of blood clot and platelet concentrates, Group II in which blood clot was used as scaffold in the canal, Group III in PRF was used as scaffold, and Group IV in which PRP carried on collagen was used as a scaffold. Results: The clinical and radiographic evaluation after 6 and 18 months was done by two independent observers who were blinded from the groups. The scoring was done as: None score was denoted by, Fair by 1, Good by 2, and Excellent by 3. The data were then analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test using Statistics and Data 11.1(PRP Using harvest Smart PReP2) which showed statistically significant values in Group III as compared to other Groups. Conclusion: PRF has huge potential to accelerate the growth characteristics in immature necrotic permanent teeth as compared to PRP and blood clot.
A multidisciplinary approach for a mid-palatal swelling: A case report
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2012) Neelam Mittal; Isha Narang; Atul Singh
A dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst which originates through alterations in the reduced enamel epithelium due to unknown aetiologies. They are more commonly associated with permanent teeth. The association of this cyst with the supernumerary teeth is rare and it constitutes only 5%-6%. The possible transformation of these cysts into tumours directs the exact diagnosis and the timely management. We are reporting here, a case of a mid-palatal swelling which was caused by a dentigerous cyst, which was associated with an impacted canine.
A rare incidence and management of complex odontoma and surgical dehiscence in maxillary anterior region: A case report
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Sakshi Gupta; Neelam Mittal; Thivya Shankari; Supriya Gupta
Odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumour, which is rather considered hamartoma. Hamartoma is not a true neoplasm, rather a growth of abnormal mixture of cells found in the body area they normally grows. Fully developed odontomas generally consist of enamel, dentin and pulpal tissues, in an unorganised manner. Some of them may contain cementum too. These are further grouped into compound and complex, depending on their clinical, radiographic and histologic features. Odontomas are generally asymptomatic and slow growing, but may cause bone expansion and hinderance in tooth eruption. These lesions are generally diagnosed by coincidence in radiograph. We are presenting a case and surgical management of complex odontoma and post‑operative dehiscence in the anterior right maxillary region of a 38‑year‑old male. © 2023 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.
Assessment of pulp sensibility in the mature necrotic teeth using regenerative endodontic therapy with various scaffolds - Randomised clinical trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Neelam Mittal; Harakh C. Baranwal; Praveen Kumar; Sakshi Gupta
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the possibility of regaining pulp sensibility and objectives of regeneration procedure in mature necrotic teeth using regenerative endodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 mature necrotic teeth were selected and a regenerative endodontic procedure was performed. A total of four groups, each involving n = 9 teeth per group were randomly grouped as (1) periapical bleeding, (2) platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), (3) collagen, and (4) hydroxyapatite. Pulp testing and radiographic assessment of periapical healing (PH) were recorded at every 3-month interval for 1 year. Readings were compared as qualitative data using the Kruskal-Wallis test to see the inter-group significant difference. Results: Readings of pulp sensibility revealed non-significant results in all intervals. At 3 and 6 months, 22.3% in the PRF group and 11.15% in collagen group; and at 9 months, 44.4% in PRF group, 33.3% in the collagen group and 22.2% in hydroxyapatite group; and at 12-months, 66.6% in PRF, 44.4% in the collagen group, 33.3% in the hydroxyapatite group and 11.1% in the periapical bleeding group showed a positive response to the cold test. But all groups did not show a positive response to heat and electric pulp testing and showed good PH in all groups at the end of 12 months. Conclusions: The presence of sensibility to cold test is indicative of the formation of vital pulp-like tissues, which was the highest in the PRF group, followed by the collagen, hydroxyapatite and periapical bleeding groups. © 2021 Indian Journal of Dental Research Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Assessment of the prevalence of periodontal diseases and treatment needs: A hospital-based study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2015) Monika Bansal; Neelam Mittal; Tej Singh
Background: The periodontal diseases are the most prevalent oral diseases worldwide especially in developing countries like India. The objective of this cross-sectional survey was to determine the prevalence of periodontal diseases and treatment needs (TNs) in a hospital-based population. Materials and Methods: Totally, 500 men and women (15-74 years) were recruited and periodontal status of each study subject and sextant was evaluated on the basis of community periodontal index of TNs, and thereafter TN for each subject and sextant was categorized on the basis of the highest code recorded during the examination. Results: A total of 500 subjects (59% males and 41% females) was divided into seven age groups, that is, 15-19, 20-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years and sextants were included from the 486 subjects. Healthy periodontium, bleeding on probing, calculus, shallow pockets, and deep pockets were found in 3.9%, 6.58%, 50.61%, 20.98%, and 17.90% subjects, respectively. Males were more affected with shallow and deep pockets as compared to females. Periodontal diseases in the early stages were more prevalent in the younger age groups, whereas advanced stages were more prevalent in older age groups. 17.90% subjects and 11.48% sextants need complex treatment. About 77.98% subjects and 73.15% sextants require either oral hygiene instructions or oral hygiene instructions and oral prophylaxis. Only 3.9% subjects and 15.36% sextants were healthy and needed no treatment. Conclusions: Periodontal diseases were found to be 96.30% in the study population and the results indicate that majority of the population need primary and secondary level of preventive program to reduce the chances of initiation or progression of periodontal diseases thereby improving their systemic health overall. © 2015, Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Chitosan Based Periodontal Pocket Inserts - Formulation, In vitro and Preliminary Clinical Evaluation
(2004) J. Balasubramaniam; M. Thilek Kumar; Romi Barat; J.K. Pandit; Neelam Mittal
The present paper concerns the in vitro and clinical evaluation of chitosan based periodontal inserts of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPH). The effects of polymer concentration, plasticizer, drug loading and type and concentration of cross-linking agents (formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde) on CPH release were studied. The release of CPH followed a Q vs t1/2 profile. An increase in the plasticizer concentration (propylene glycol and glycerol) and drug loading resulted in a higher rate of CPH release, but the type of plasticizer did not show any significant effect on drug release, whereas retardation was observed with an increase in polymer concentration and cross-linking. Clinical evaluations of the inserts were carried out in patients suffering from periodontitis with an average pocket depth of > 5 mm. Significant improvements were observed in various clinical indices as: Peridontal Index (PI), Bleeding Index (BI), Periodontal Disease Index (PDI), Shick-Ash Modification of Plaque Criteria (SAPC) and Gingival Index (GI) and microbial parameters (% of G (+)and G (-) bacteria and Total Bacterial Count - TBC) at the device inserted site, thus affirming the therapeutic value of the inserts in the treatment of periodontal pocket formation.
Chitosan inserts for periodontitis: Influence of drug loading, plasticizer and crosslinking on in vitro metronidazole release
(Croatian Pharmaceutical Society, 2007) Romi Barat; Anegundha Srinatha; Jayanta K. Pandit; Shampa Anupurba; Neelam Mittal
Chitosan based metronidazole (MZ) inserts were fabricated by the casting method and characterized with respect to mass and thickness uniformity, metronidazole loading and in vitro metronidazole release kinetics. The fabricated inserts exhibited satisfactory physical characteristics. The mass of inserts was in the range of 5.63 ± 0.42 to 6.04 ± 0.89 mg. The thickness ranged from 0.46 ± 0.06 to 0.49 ± 0.08 mm. Metronidazole loading was in the range of 0.98 ± 0.09 to 1.07 ± 0.07 mg except for batch CM3 with MZ loading of 2.01 ± 0.08 mg. The inserts exhibited an initial burst release at the end of 24 h, irrespective of the drug to polymer ratio, plasticizer content or cross-linking. However, further drug release was sustained over the next 6 days. Cross-linking with 10% (m/m) of glutaraldehyde inhibited the burst release by ∼30% and increased the mean dissolution time (MDT) from 0.67 to 8.59 days. The decrease in drug release was a result of reduced permeability of chitosan due to cross-linking.
Comparative analysis of reduction in pain scores after single visit root canal treatment using endodontic irrigation protocols, namely, Conventional needle irrigation, PUI, PIPS and SWEEPS: A randomized control trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Neelam Mittal; Harakh Chand Baranwal; Sakshi Gupta; Thivya Shankari; Supriya Gupta; Shubham Kharat
Introduction: To assess the effects of different irrigation activation systems on postoperative pain using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), using new laser irrigation activation system shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), passive ultrasonic irrigation activation techniques, compared with the conventional irrigation (CI) method. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients suffering from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in maxillary or mandibular molars were enrolled and randomly assigned to four different irrigation activation groups (n = 15) after chemomechanical root canal preparation. Preoperative and postoperative pain scores were recorded using VAS. The data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0 software at a level of significance being 0.05. Results: We observed that mean pain scores decreased with time in all patients in all groups. The decrease in pain score was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) among both the genders in Group 3 (PIPS) and Group 4 (SWEEPS). Postoperatively, pain scores decreased significantly using Group 4 (SWEEPS), followed by Group 3 (PIPS), Group 2 (ultrasonic activation), and Group 1 (conventional needle irrigation). No significant relation was observed statistically between pain scores and age groups among all groups, except for preoperative score in Group 3 and age groups. Conclusion: Postoperative scores were lower in laser-activated irrigation systems as compared to the other activation systems. The highest pain scores were observed in case of CI method, at pre- and post-operative periods. © 2023 Journal of Conservative Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow .
Comparative evaluation of bioglass nanofiber, dexamethasone-coated bioglass nanofiber, and platelet-rich fibrin, as scaffolds in regenerative endodontic treatment of immature necrotic teeth: A randomized controlled trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Sakshi Gupta; Neelam Mittal; Harakh Chand Baranwal; Chandana Rath; Thivya Shankari; Supriya Gupta
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the regenerative endodontic potential of dexamethasone-coated bioglass nanofiber (Dex-BGnf), bioglass nanofiber (BGnf), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for inducing regeneration in necrotic immature permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 (n = 12) immature necrotic teeth with or without evidence of periapical lesion were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups, based on the scaffolds used: Group I (PRF), II (BGnf), and III (Dex-BGnf). The clinical (electric pulp test) and radiographic evaluations (percentage increase in apical diameter, root length, root dentin thickness, and periapical healing) were compared at 6 and 12 months after the procedure with baseline records. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for evaluating the data. A 6- and 12-month improvement analysis was done using paired t-test and Friedman test. Results: Clinically, all the 36 teeth were asymptomatic, but none gave a positive response to Electric Pulp Test (EPT) in time interval of 12 months. Dex-BGnf showed a statistically significant improvement in terms of increase in root length (P = 0.020) and root dentinal thickness (P = 0.001) when compared to PRF after 12 months. Conclusion: The study has shown that Dex-BGnf yielded significantly better results than PRF for inducing apexogenesis in necrotic immature teeth. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Comparative evaluation of dual‑cure resin (TheraCal PT) and Biodentine in coronal pulpotomy of patients with symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Harakh Chand Baranwal; Neelam Mittal; Silviya Samad; Aiyman Ayubi; Harshitaa Aggarwal; Shubham M. Kharat
Background: New and innovative materials are being marketed for the treatment of coronal pulpotomy. It is crucial to compare their efficacy with already‑established materials. TheraCal PT (TP) is such a new material that studies are scarce. Aim: This study aim to compare and evaluate the outcome of coronal pulpotomy using Biodentine and a newly introduced calcium silicate‑based dual‑cure resin cement, TP, in patients with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with exposed carious pulp and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were included, aged 18–40, randomly allocated to two groups: TP (group I) and Biodentine (group II). Coronal pulpotomy was performed following a standardized protocol, with TP or Biodentine applied accordingly. The pain was recorded using Visual Analog Scale preoperatively for up to 1 week. Success was assessed clinically and radiographically for up to 12 months. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the Friedman test and the Mann–Whitney U‑test. Intragroup pain was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‑rank test. Results: Among 60 patients, intervention was done in 53. By removing dropout patients, 47 were analyzed, with 38 available for follow‑up at 3, 6, and 12 months. The Biodentine group exhibited a 12‑month success rate of 84%, while the TP group revealed 77.3%, with statistically insignificant difference (P = 0.563). Conclusion: TP can be effectively utilized as a pulpotomy material in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mature permanent teeth, offering rapid setting and ease of use, although Biodentine yielded slightly better results in this study. © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.
Comparative evaluation of quantitative color changes in discolored anterior teeth by bleaching, resin infiltration, and microabrasion: A randomized clinical trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Neelam Mittal; Harakh Chand Baranwal; Shubham M. Kharat; Aiyman Ayubi; Silviya Samad; Harshitaa Aggarwal
Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of bleaching, microabrasion, and resin infiltration (RI) techniques on discolored vital anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Patients with anterior vital teeth with brown discolorations were selected for this study. The sample size was estimated at 15 teeth per group and assigned according to the treatment done: Group 1 (microabrasion), Group 2 (microabrasion and RI), Group 3 (microabrasion, bleaching, and RI), Group 4 (bleaching and RI), and Group 5 (bleaching). Standardized photographs were taken at the preoperative visit (T1), immediately after treatment (T2), and during the follow‑up visit after 1 week (T3), and at 6 months (T4). The photographs were analyzed using (L* a* b*) values with the help of Adobe Photoshop 2021 software to show the assessment of values. Respective values were used to evaluate a quantitative evaluation of color change (ΔE). Results: The highest value change (ΔE = 20.72 ± 3.06) was seen in Group 3 which was statistically significant, suggesting that microabrasion and bleaching followed by RI offer better results than the other groups. Conclusion: Combining microabrasion, bleaching, and RI techniques offers the best treatment outcome for tooth discolorations among all groups. © 2025 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.
Comparative evaluation of resin-based sealers and bioceramic sealers for postoperative pain after endodontic treatment: A systematic review
(Wroclaw University of Medicine, 2024) Neelam Mittal; Thivyashankari Thangamuthu; Supriya Gupta; Sakshi Gupta; Harshitaa Aggarwal; Shubham Kharat
The systematic review aimed to compare and evaluate the effect of resin-based sealers and bioceramic sealers on postoperative pain after endodontic treatment. Two reviewers independently conducted electronic search in PubMed, the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, employing a complete dual-review process to ensure the inclusion of all relevant studies in the review. The search was carried out until November 2021. After selecting eligible studies, the risk of bias assessment was carried out using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). A total of 1,931 studies were identified from the electronic search, and finally 10 studies were included after full-text assessment. In all our included studies, the visual analog scale (VAS) was used for recording pain scores. Most of the studies recorded pain intensity starting from 6 h to 7 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference between resin-based sealers and bioceramic sealers in terms of incidence or intensity of postoperative pain at any point in time. © 2024, Wroclaw University of Medicine. All rights reserved.
Comparative evaluation of retreatability of bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS) and epoxy resin (AH Plus) sealer with two different retreatment files: An in vitro study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Harakh Chand Baranwal; Neelam Mittal; Riya Garg; Jyoti Yadav; Prachi Rani
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the retreatability of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus sealer with two different retreatment file systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing the filling remnants. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty mandibular premolars with single and oval root canals were prepared till size F3 and obturated with GP/AH Plus (Group 1) and GP/BioRoot RCS (Group 2). Canals were then retreated using two different retreatment file systems-ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) system and NeoEndo Retreatment system. The ability to re-establish working length (WL) and apical patency was recorded, and the percentage volume of residual filling material was evaluated using CBCT at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data from the study were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Pearson's Chi-squared analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the amount of residual sealer (AH Plus and BioRoot RCS) after retreatment throughout the whole study (P > 0.05) at various root canal levels. Furthermore, the BioRoot RCS group retreated with the PTUR system showed a higher frequency of failure in re-establishing WL and regaining apical patency than the other groups. Conclusion: Complete removal of root canal sealers could not be achieved regardless of the type of sealer used and the retreatment technique employed. Furthermore, in clinical settings, the retreatability of novel BioRoot RCS may be deemed feasible. © 2021 Journal of Conservative Dentistry Published by Wolters Kluwer-Medknow.
Comparison of Dentinal Defects Induced by Rotary, Reciprocating, and Hand Files in Oval Shaped Root Canal - An In-Vitro Study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Harakh Chand Branawal; Neelam Mittal; Prachi Rani; Aiyman Ayubi; Silviya Samad
Aim: To evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal defects using hand Hedstrom files, XP-Shaper, TruNatomy, and Reciproc Blue file systems when used for oval shaped root canals. Materials and Methods: One hundred and five extracted human mandibular premolars with single root and oval canals were selected for the study. Twenty-one teeth were unprepared (control), and the remaining teeth were divided into the prepared groups (n = 21), that is, Group H-Files, Group XP-Shaper, Group TruNatomy, and Group Reciproc Blue. All selected teeth were de-coronated perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth by using a diamond-coated disk with water cooling, leaving root segments approximately 16 mm in length. Each group was prepared according to the above file system. Then all roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axes at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex using a diamond-coated disk under a continuous water stream. Each specimen was then checked for the presence of dentinal defects/microcracks. Result: The XP-Endo shaper group had the lowest number of defects (01/21 roots) 4.7%; TN (04/21) 19%, H-Files (04/21) 19%, and RC Blue (05/21) 23.8% had the highest incidence of defects. However, no significant difference was detected among these groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The motor-driven root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating files and hand files may create microcracks in the radicular dentine, whereas the XP-Shaper file system produces minimal or less cracks compared to other tested rotary file systems and H-file instrumentation. © 2024 Indian Journal of Dental Research.
Comparison of double antibiotic chitosan hydrogel scaffold with platelet‑rich fibrin in regeneration in immature necrotic permanent teeth – Randomized controlled trial
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Neelam Mittal; Harakh Chand Baranwal; Harshitaa Aggarwal; Shubham Kharat; Silviya Samad; Aiyman Ayubi
Background: Fibrin, a natural hydrogel, can act as scaffold for tissue regeneration. Antibiotic‑loading of hydrogels can create an infection‑free environment for stem cell proliferation and maturation. Aim: To compare regenerative endodontic potential of three groups (antibiotic‑loaded hydrogel, chitosan‑loaded hydrogel, and double antibiotic‑loaded chitosan hydrogel) in immature necrotic permanent teeth with platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Materials and Methods: Fifty‑six immature necrotic teeth with periapical lesions were included in simple randomized parallel‑controlled superiority trial. Patients aged 10–35 years were assigned into four groups based on scaffolds used: Group 1 (PRF), Group 2 (double antibiotic‑loaded [metronidazole and ciprofloxacin] chitosan hydrogel), Group 3 (double antibiotic‑loaded hydrogel), and Group 4 (chitosan‑loaded hydrogel). One patient per group was lost to follow‑up. Regenerative outcomes (change in apex size, root length, radicular dentin thickness, and periapical healing) were assessed at 12 months, through double‑blinding and compared postprocedure using cone‑beam computed tomography. Statistical Analysis: Based on normality distribution, change in apex size (ANOVA test) while root length, radicular dentin thickness (Kruskal–Wallis test), and periapical healing (paired t‑test) were used. Results: Group 2 showed superior regenerative outcomes (P = 0.001) compared to groups 1, 4 after 12 months, and no significant difference with Group 3. Conclusion: Double antibiotic‑loaded chitosan produced significantly superior outcomes compared to PRF in promoting apexogenesis in immature permanent teeth with necrosed pulp. © 2024 Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.
Correlation of ABO blood group phenotype and rhesus factor with periodontal disease: An observational study
(Medknow Publications, 2017) Anju Gautam; Neelam Mittal; T.B. Singh; Ruchi Srivastava; Pushpendra K. Verma
Background: The knowledge of the ABO blood group phenotype of the patients and their correlation with the periodontal disease maybe important in the development of early treatment strategies, and it would be helpful to target non-responding areas to periodontal therapy of the susceptible individuals. Aims: The present study was conducted to determine whether there was any correlation between periodontal diseases and ABO blood groups and Rh factor. Material and Method: This study was carried out on 537 subjects attending Faculty of Dental Sciences OPD in BHU. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I (healthy subjects), group II (subjects with gingivitis), and group III (subjects with periodontitis) based on periodontal examination (Gingival index, Bleeding Index, Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level). ABO Blood grouping were done and correlated with the periodontal status of study subjects. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed using the statistical software namely Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 16, IBM Analytics) and Systat 8.0. Results: In this study, there was a greater prevalence of gingivitis in blood group O and periodontitis in blood group B. The blood group AB showed the least prevalence of periodontal diseases. Similarly gingivitis and peridontitis were significantly higher among Rhesus positive groups when compared with Rhesus negative groups. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that ABO blood groups and Rh factor could be a risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. © 2017 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.
Correlation of root dentin thickness and length of roots in mesial roots of mandibular molars
(2014) Shweta Dwivedi; Chandra D.har Dwivedi; Neelam Mittal
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation of tooth length and distal wall thickness of mesial roots in mandibular molars at different locations (ie, 2 mm below the furcation and at the junction between the middle and apical third).; METHODS: Forty-five mandibular first molars were taken, and the length of each tooth was measured. Then, specimens were divided into three groups according to their length: group I-long (24.2 mm ± 1.8), group II-medium (21 mm ± 1.5) and group III-short (16.8 mm ± 1.8). mesial root of each marked at two levels - at 2 mm below the furcation as well as at junction of apical and middle third of roots. The minimum thickness of the distal root dentine associated with the buccal and lingual canals of the mesial roots was measured, The distance between the buccal and lingual canals and the depth of concavity in the distal surface of the mesial roots were also measured.; RESULTS: Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test. The minimum thickness of the distal wall of the mesiobuccal canal was significantly different (P < .001) between groups 1 (long) and 3 (short).; CONCLUSIONS: Distal wall thickness of the mesiobuccal root and distal concavity of the mesial root of mandibular first molars were found to be thinner in longer teeth compared with shorter teeth. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Design and characterization of anti-microbial novel herbal nanofiber scaffolds for the management of periodontal diseases
(Nature Research, 2025) Pragati Dubey; Neelam Mittal; Brahmeshwar Mishra; S. Manjit; Pooja Goswami; Biplob Koch; Anju Gautam; Pradeep Harish Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
Design and evaluation of PCL and gelatin loaded nanofiber containing herbal formulation named Ashvakatri in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The electro-spinning method was used to create the composite nano-fibers containing herbal formulation, which were then evaluated for various parameters including in-vitro antimicrobial study and in-vitro drug release. An interconnected, continuous and bead free nanofiber with an average diameter of 150–250 nm was exhibited by the optimized nanofiber. The addition of gelatin and PCL to the optimized nanofiber improved its biocompatibility and bioadhesive characteristics. According to anti-microbial investigation and CLSM study indicated the remarkable inhibition of periodontal pathogens such as Aggregabacter actinomycetemcomitans (AI), Porphyromonas Gingivilis (PG), Fusobacterium spp (FB), and Porphyromonas intermedia (PI) respectively by optimized nanofiber and in-vitro drug release study also demonstrated the controlled release of composite nanofiber for over 220 h. Additionally, the MTT assay and in-vitro scratch assay indicated the composite NF had no cytotoxicity to the fibroblast cell line. The fabricated NF is a potential option for chronic periodontitis treatment since it expedited anti-bacterial, cytotoxic and sustained release medications. © The Author(s) 2025.