Browsing by Author "Neeraj Thakur"

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A 5-Year Prospective Study on Incidence and Clinico-pathological Changes Associated with Naturally Occurring Trypanosomosis in Dogs of Mizoram, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kalyan Sarma; Chethan Gollahalli Eregowda; Parimal Roychoudhury; Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur; Vijayakumar Jawalagatti; Hridayesh Prasad; Suvendu Kumar Behera; Neeraj Thakur; Nikitasha Bora; Dhruba Das
Purpose: The present research was taken to study the hospital-based incidence and clinico-pathological changes associated with naturally occurring trypanosomosis in dogs of Mizoram. Methods: A 5-year prospective study on hospital-based incidence and clinico-pathological changes associated with naturally occurring trypanosomosis in dogs of Mizoram was carried out during the study period from April, 2015 to March, 2020. Trypanosoma evansi infection was confirmed by microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Non-infected clinically healthy dogs (n = 6) served as control. Blood samples were collected to study the haemogram and serum samples were used for the evaluation of serum biochemical parameters and oxidant-antioxidant parameters. Results: During the study period, an overall incidence of 0.25% was recorded for trypanosomosis in dogs. The most consistent clinical findings noticed were anorexia/inappetence, pyrexia, depression/lethargy, pale mucous membrane, dehydration and lymphadenomegaly. Anaemia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytosis and thrombocytopenia were the major findings noticed in trypanosomosis affected dogs. The profile of vital organ function revealed that the mean values of total protein, albumin and random blood glucose were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, whereas the mean values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs affected with trypanosomosis. The mean value of lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, whereas the mean values of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant activity (TAOA) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in trypanosomosis affected dogs. When total erythrocyte count (TEC) was correlated with LPO (r = − 0.631, P < 0.05), a negative correlation was found, while in case of GSH (r = 0.757, P < 0.05), SOD (r = 0.767, P < 0.05) and TAOA (r = 0.713, P < 0.05), it was positively correlated. Conclusion: A negative correlation of TEC count with LPO, while a positive correlation with GSH, SOD and TAOA signify the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of anaemia induced by T. evansi infection in dogs. The present study findings might be helpful to clinicians when treating clinical cases of this kind. Incorporation of organ protective drugs and antioxidants in the treatment schedule may result in better prognosis. © 2021, Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.
Ameliorative, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Potential of Vitamin D on Aminoglycoside Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Wistar Rats
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2022) Neeraj Thakur; S.K. Shukla; A.H. Ahmad; N.S. Jadon; J.L. Singh; G.E. Chethan
Background: Acute kidney injury causes an abrupt decline in renal filtration and affects animals in a similar way to humans. Diagnosis can be made based on urinalysis, serum biochemistry and various biomarkers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative, antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D in rats induced with acute kidney injury. Methods: In the present study, group A rats were taken as healthy control, group B rats were given gentamicin @ 100 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally for 8 days and were considered as disease control and group C rats were treated with Vitamin D @ 0.4 µg/kg/day subcutaneously for 8 days along with intraperitoneal gentamicin injection. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (LPO), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated in erythrocytes on day 0, 4 and 8. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and interleukin 10 (IL 10) were also estimated along with urine and serum biochemistry on day 0, 4 and 8. Kidney tissue samples were collected on day 8 for histopathological examination. Result: The mean values of GSH, catalase and SOD were significantly (P<0.05) higher whereas the mean value of LPO was significantly (P<0.05) lower in group C compared to group B on day 4 and 8. On day 4 and 8, the mean value of TNF α was significantly (P<0.05) lower, while the mean value of IL-10 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in rats treated with vitamin D as compared to disease control. Histopathological examination along with urine and serum biochemistry revealed protective efficacy of vitamin D in acute kidney injury. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that vitamin D is having ameliorative efficacy along with antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential in case of gentamicin induced acute kidney injury in Wistar rats. However, detailed studies are required to explore the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in clinical cases of kidney diseases. © 2022 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Antioxidant supplementation during treatment of outpatient dogs with parvovirus enteritis ameliorates oxidative stress and attenuates intestinal injury: A randomized controlled trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Gollahalli Eregowda Chethan; Ujjwal Kumar De; Mithilesh Kumar Singh; Vishal Chander; Raguvaran Raja; Babul Rudra Paul; Om Prakash Choudhary; Neeraj Thakur; Kalyan Sarma; Hridayesh Prasad
A prospective randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to determine whether antioxidant supplementation as an adjunct therapy alters hemogram, oxidative stress, serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein-2 (IFABP-2) level, fecal viral load, clinical score (CS) and survivability in outpatient canine parvovirus enteritis (CPVE) dogs. The dogs with CPVE were randomized to one of the five treatment groups: supportive treatment (ST) alone, ST with N-acetylcysteine (ST+NAC), resveratrol (ST+RES), coenzyme Q10 (ST+CoQ10) or ascorbic acid (ST+AA). The primary outcome measures were reduction of CS and fecal HA titre, and enhancement of survivability. Secondary outcome measures were reduction of oxidative stress indices and IFABP-2 level from day 0 to day 7. The mean CS and HA titre were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from day 0 to 7 in ST and all antioxidant groups. The supplementations of NAC, RES and AA along with ST markedly (P < 0.05) reduced the concentrations of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and IFABP-2 on day 7 as compared to ST alone. Additionally, NAC and RES supplementations markedly (P < 0.05) improved the total leukocyte count and neutrophil count in CPVE-affected dogs. NAC and RES could serve as better antioxidants for the amelioration of oxidative stress in CPVE but, the antioxidants did not confer any additional benefits in reduction of CS, fecal HA tire, or survivability when compared with ST alone. © 2023
Comparative Assessment of Troponin T, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Cardiac and Renal Disorders in Canine
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2022) K. Mahendran; Neeraj Thakur; G.E. Chethan; Priyanka; Shyam Sundar Choudhary; S. Dey; A.C. Saxena; Sumit Mahajan; K. Kavitha
Background: Canine cardiovascular problems are commonly seen in veterinary medicine. Cardiac abnormalities in canine can be diagnosed by various means like electrochardiography, radiography, blood pressure measurement, echocardiography and biomarkers like troponins and peptides specific for heart. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate different biomarkers such as cardiac troponin T (cTnT), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases in comparison to echocardiography in canine. A total of 40 cases were included in the study, out of which 26 cases found to be positive for cardiac affections as confirmed by echocardiographic examination. Result: The serum concentration of cTnT and BNP were found significantly (P<0.05) elevated in dogs having cardiac as well as cardiac along with renal affections. ANP values were significantly (P<0.05) increased in dogs having both cardiac and renal diseases as compared to dogs with cardiac diseases only. Biomarkers like cTnT, ANP and BNP were compared with echocardiography (gold standard). The BNP was having the highest sensitivity (88.46%) and specificity (78.57%) as compared to cTnT and ANP. From the study, it is concluded that BNP can be used as suitable biomarker than cTnT and ANP for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases in canine. It can be used as a biomarker for cardiac diseases under field conditions where facilities for echocardiography are not available. © 2022 Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.
Concomitant infection of babesia canis, ehrlichia canis and parvovirus in dogs and its therapeutic management
(Veterinary Practitioner, 2020) Neeraj Thakur; G.E. Chethan; K. Mahendran; U.K. De; Vijayakumar Jawalagatti; Vishal Chander; J.B. Rajesh; P.S. Banerjee
The present report describes rare occurrence of concomitant infection of Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis and parvovirus in dogs and its therapeutic management by using diminazene aceturate and doxycycline along with symptomatic and supportive therapy. © 2020, Veterinary Practitioner. All rights reserved.
Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. fruit extract ameliorates calcium oxalate urolithiasis in ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluric Rat model
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Shyam Sundar Choudhary; Padma Nibash Panigrahi; Sujoy K. Dhara; Monalisa Sahoo; Ananya Dan; Neeraj Thakur; Aron Jacob; Sahadeb Dey
Cucumis callosus dry fruits are traditionally used as folk remedy to treat conditions like urethral irritations, urine stoppage or dribbling and other urinary ailments of man in north-west India. But no study is reported to validate this ethnic practice of using Cucumis fruit in urolithiasis. To evaluate anti-urolithiatic potential of Cucumis, hyperoxaluria was induced in rats by supplying 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) + 1% ammonium chloride (AC) in drinking water for 14 days. Anti-urolithiatic activity of Cucumis callosus hydro-ethanolic extract (CCHEE) was assessed by measuring blood and urine biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices, histopathology and osteopontin (OPN) expression. Administration of EG-AC to rats caused hyperoxaluria, crystalluria, azotaemia, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance (increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), and decrease in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT)), up-regulation of OPN and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition in kidney. Treatment of afflicted rats with Cucumis fruits extract restored renal function to a great extent (CCHEE group), testified by improvement of stated parameters. Findings demonstrate curative efficacy of Cucumis fruit extract in EG induced urolithiasis of rats. The restoration of renal function was possibly by regulating renal stone formation via reducing urinary oxalate excretion, correcting oxidant/antioxidant imbalances, and reduced expression of OPN. Hence, results of this study validate the ethnic practice of using Cucumis fruit and conclude that fruit extracts have beneficial effects on CaOx urolithiasis and renal function. © 2023
Ionophoric Additives to Augment Performance Outcomes and Economics in Ruminants
(Springer Singapore, 2024) Sonali Prusty; M.S. Mahesh; Rakesh Sheel; Partha Sarathi Swain; A.P. Madhusoodan; Neeraj Thakur; G.E. Chethan
Ionophores are a group of carboxylic polyether antibiotics used as ‘medicated feed additives’ for ruminants. These include monensin, salinomycin, lasalocid, narasin, maduramicin, semduramicin and laidlomycin propionate. Monensin acts by inhibiting gram-positive bacteria—including protozoa and fungi—result-ing in increased propionate production, decreased acetate and reduced methanogenesis. In addition, feed protein deamination is lowered, making it available for post-ruminal digestion and utilisation. These effects of monensin translate into a remarkable improvement in body weight gain in growing cattle and milk yield response in lactating cows. Thus, the augmented feed efficiency noted with ionophores directly benefits farm economics. Besides, monensin attenuates some of the digestive disorders (bloat, acidosis, etc.) apart from enhancing energy status of cows in fresh lactation, leading to a lower risk for ketosis and displaced abomasum. This chapter presents a holistic overview of the modes of action, multifaceted benefits, economic returns, along with safety aspects of ionophore supplementation for a sustainable ruminant production. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
LEPTOTROMBIDIUM DELIENSE INFESTATION IN DOMESTIC DOGS FROM INDIA, A VECTOR OF SCRUB TYPHUS: A CASE REPORT
(West Bengal Veterinary Alumni Association, 2022) G.E. Chethan; Kalyan Sarma; Nikitasha Bora; H.V. Manjunathachar; Neeraj Thakur; Snehil Gupta; Champak Deka; S.N. Chaithra; Vijayakumar Jawalagatti; J.B. Rajesh; Kuldeep Dhama
Scrub typhus is a vector-borne, zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Several members of the genus Leptotrombidium have gained importance due to their potential role as vectors as well as reservoirs for O. tsutsugamushi. The larvae of Leptotrombidium species are primary parasites of ground-dwelling rodents. However, changes in climate, host specificity makes them to adapt to other animals and play a role in the perpetuation of various (re)- emerging pathogens between animals and humans. Two male mongrel dogs aged six months were presented to the College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Mizoram, India with a history of skin lesions and intense pruritus. Routine skin scraping examination of samples revealed the presence of Leptotrombidium deliense larvae. Considering the public health importance of L. deliense infestation, an attempt was made to screen the dogs for O. tsutsugamushi and other haemoprotozoans. Microscopic and molecular tests were negative for haemoprotozoan parasites and O. tsutsugamushi, respectively. Both the dogs were successfully treated with parenteral ivermectin and topical fipronil spray © 2022. Exploratory Animal and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.
Naturally occurring Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle: Molecular prevalence and associated risk factors, haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidant/antioxidant status and serum trace mineral levels
(Academic Press, 2022) Dhruba Das; Kalyan Sarma; Chethan Gollahalli Eregowda; Parimal Roychoudhury; Justus Babykutty Rajesh; Parthasarathi Behera; Hridayesh Prasad; Hniang Lalrinkima; Fatema Aktar; Nikitasha Bora; Champak Deka; Neeraj Thakur; Thingujam Chaa Tolenkhomba
The present investigation was undertaken to map the distribution of Anapalsma species infection in cattle from the Aizawl region of Mizoram, India, in relation to various risk factors, and to study the haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidant/antioxidant status and serum trace mineral levels in cattle with naturally occurring Anapalsma marginale infection. The study was carried out over 31 months from June 2019 to December 2021. A total of 401 cattle blood samples were collected and screened for the presence of Anaplasma spp. by microscopic examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Non-infected clinically healthy cattle (n = 21) served as control. Blood samples were collected to study the haemogram and serum samples were used for the evaluation of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices and trace minerals. During the study period, an overall prevalence of 15.71% was recorded for A. marginale infection in cattle. The prevalence of A. marginale infection was highly associated with age, sex, breed and tick infestation status of animals, floor system and management of farms, and season. The mean values of total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total platelet count, total protein, albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, whereas the mean values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cattle infected with A. marginale. A negative correlation of TEC with LPO, and a positive correlation with SOD, GSH, TAC, Cu and Zn suggest a possible link between oxidative stress and the haemolytic crisis noticed in bovine anaplasmosis. Incorporation of antioxidants and organ protective drugs as an adjunct therapy may result in better prognosis. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd