Browsing by Author "Nidhi Verma"

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Cereals and Phytohormones Under Salt Stress
(Springer Nature, 2022) Varunendra Kumar Singh; Sakshi Pandey; Nidhi Verma; Madhulika Singh; Jitendra Pandey; Sheo Mohan Prasad
Cereal crops are occupying a dynamic part in nourishing the whole population of the world. The development and production of these cereal crops are poorly affected when exposed to different environmental abiotic stresses, among which salinity stress plays a major role. Plants that respond to salt stress involve various complex physiological, molecular, as well as biochemical changes in the plant system. Phytohormones play a crucial role in acquiring some adaptational reactions in a plant's system when exposed to salinity. Gibberellins (GAs), ethylene (ET), cytokinins (CKs), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates, abscisic acid (ABA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are important plant hormones that respond to salinity stresses via their signalling attributes. The cellular disturbances caused by salinity stress are potentially removed by exogenous phytohormones in plants. Phytohormones extensively regulate some specific genes to deal with saline conditions. In this chapter, the collective information is mentioned which is focused on the role of phytohormones along with the involved genes in the alleviation of salinity stress in cereal crops. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
Crop Plants Develop Extracellular Signaling Products Against Salt Stress
(wiley, 2021) Santwana Tiwari; Nidhi Verma; Shikha Singh; Shivam Gupta; Madhulika Singh; Pratibha Singh; Jitendra Pandey; Sheo Mohan Prasad
Plant signaling is a usual phenomenon that facilitates the transduction of external and internal signals into physiological reactions such as modification of activity of various enzymes, cytoskeleton structure, and gene expression. This chapter aims to gather all the information about extracellular products secreted by crop plants as well as cyanobacteria with their working mechanisms under salt stress conditions and their role in economic values in agriculture and medicine. The biosynthesis of bioactive extracellular compounds in plants aimed to enhance crop tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses and overcome stressful conditions. The level of antioxidants, enzymes, and proteins has fluctuated under salt stress. Salt stress often generates both ionic and osmotic stress in plants, resulting in a greater disturbance in signaling and accumulation or decrease of specific metabolites in plants. In agriculture, cyanobacterial and plant's secondary metabolites are key tools for enhancing crop production. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Deciphering soil–plant-animal continuum in relation to trace elements in middle Gangetic plain region of India
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Sandeep Kr. Upadhyay; Dharmesh Tewari; V.K. Singh; Sandeep Kr. Chaudhary; Nidhi Verma
The soil–plant-animal continuum represents an evolving realm in biological research that’s why this study was undertaken in the middle Gangetic plain region of India. Trace and ultra-trace elements were analyzed in 100 soil samples, 147 feed and fodder samples, as well as 69 blood and 127 hair samples with the help of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The levels of trace and ultra-trace elements in the soil were significantly higher than those in the feed, and similarly, the concentrations in the feed were notably higher than those in the blood of dairy cattle. Blood and hair samples from the cattle showed deficiencies in copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn), with reaching approximately 20% and 50%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated significant (P < 0.05) associations between the trace and ultra-trace elements in plants and the corresponding elements found in cattle's hair, specifically for iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo). Conversely, a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation was observed between soil composition and cattle's blood, while a positive correlation was evident only in the case of silver content between plant and cattle's hair. Regression analyses revealed positive linear relationships between minerals in soils and plants, as well as between plants and cattle. However, the correlation coefficients were statistically insignificant. The regression equations established to predict mineral concentrations in cattle based on soil and plant mineral contents indicated a positive relationship for both trace and ultra-trace elements, suggesting the potential to measure the mineral status in dairy cattle through this approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
Exosomes fused liposomes: formulation, stability studies and theranostic evaluation for breast cancer applications
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Nidhi Verma; Rupen Tamang; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Aseem Setia; Biplob Koch; Madaswamy Sona S Muthu
This study presents exosomes fused liposomes vesicles as a multifunctional nanocarriers for breast cancer theranostics. Exosomes isolation from human plasma using polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation is an efficient and cost-effective method that preserves vesicle integrity. These exosomes were fused with liposomes to enhance drug loading, stability, and tumor-targeting. The PLB-EXO-LIPO-VCs and MB-EXO-ICG-LIPO-VCs fused vesicles showed particle sizes of 194.5 ± 2.8 nm and 175.0 ± 2.1 nm, PDI values of 0.234 ± 0.01 and 0.225 ± 0.02, and zeta potentials of − 30.31 ± 0.05 mV and − 28.33 ± 0.04 mV, respectively. TEM, SEM, and SPM confirmed a spherical morphology with smooth membranes, and FTIR analysis validated membrane fusion, with retention of exosomal components. The PLB-EXO-LIPO-VCs exhibited encapsulation efficiency and drug loading (EE/DL) of 86.78 ± 0.05 % and 22.01 ± 0.02 %, while EE/DL of MB-EXO-ICG-LIPO-VCs showed 94.06 %/27.45 % for ICG and 78.91 %/20.23 % for MB. The vesicles demonstrated pH-responsive, sustained drug release governed by anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. The fused vesicles showed superior stability at 25 °C, 4 °C, and −20 °C. Furthermore, PLB-EXO-LIPO-VCs exhibited 19.53-fold higher cytotoxicity than free PLB, accompanied by increased cellular uptake, ROS generation, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Safety of the vesicles was confirmed by haematological, biochemical, haemolysis, and histopathological evaluations. In vivo imaging revealed tumor-specific accumulation and significant reduction in tumor volume, hypoxia, and angiogenesis in DMBA-induced breast tumors, highlighting their potential in breast cancer diagnostic and therapeutic applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan based oleanolic acid nanofibers against bacterial infection: In vitro studies and in vivo evaluation by optical and laser Doppler imaging modalities
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Paresh Badgujar; Ankit Kumar Malik; Abhishesh Kumar Mehata; Aseem Setia; Nidhi Verma; Nandini Randhave; Vishwa Nath Shukla; Vilas Kande; Priya Singh; Punit Tiwari; Sanjeev Kumar Mahto; Madaswamy S. Muthu
The present work focuses on the fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-loaded oleanolic acid-nanofibers (PVA-CS-OLA-NFs) for bacterial infection. The prepared PVA-CS-OLA-NFs were characterized for contact angle, SEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The solid-state characterization and in vitro performance evaluation of nanofibers reveal consistent interconnection and diameters ranging from 102 ± 9.5 to 386 ± 11.6 nm. The nanofibers have a flat surface topography and exhibit efficient drug entrapment. Moreover, the in vitro release profile of PVA-CS-OLA-NFs was found to be 51.82 ± 1.49 % at 24 h. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility study showed that the developed PVA-CS-OLA-NFs are non-hemolytic to human blood. The PVA-CS-OLA-NFs demonstrate remarkable antibacterial capabilities, as evidenced by their MBC and MIC values, which range from 128 and 32 μg/mL, against the strains of S. aureus. The in-vivo fluorescence optical imaging showed the sustained PVA-CS-OLA-NFs release at the wound site infected with S. aureus for a longer duration of time. Moreover, the PVA-CS-OLA-NFs showed superior wound healing performance against S. aureus infected wounds compared to the marketed formulation. Further, the laser Doppler imaging system improved oxygen saturation, blood supply, and wound healing by providing real-time blood flow and oxygen saturation information. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Variations in particulate matter over Indo-Gangetic Plains and Indo-Himalayan Range during four field campaigns in winter monsoon and summer monsoon: Role of pollution pathways
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) A. Sen; A.S. Abdelmaksoud; Y. Nazeer Ahammed; Mansour ِA. Alghamdi; Tirthankar Banerjee; Mudasir Ahmad Bhat; A. Chatterjee; Anil K. Choudhuri; Trupti Das; Amit Dhir; Pitamber Prasad Dhyani; Ranu Gadi; Sanjay Ghosh; Kireet Kumar; A.H. Khan; M. Khoder; K. Maharaj Kumari; Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal; Manish Kumar; Anita Lakhani; Parth Sarathi Mahapatra; Manish Naja; Dharam Pal; S. Pal; Mahammad Rafiq; Shakil Ahmad Romshoo; Irfan Rashid; Prasenjit Saikia; D.M. Shenoy; Vijay Sridhar; Nidhi Verma; B.M. Vyas; Mohit Saxena; A. Sharma; S.K. Sharma; T.K. Mandal
Both in-situ and space-borne observations reveal an extremely high loading of particulates over the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), all year around. With a burgeoning population and combustion sources (fossil fuels (FFs) and biofuels (BFs)) in close proximity to each other, the IGP is widely regarded as a hotspot for anthropogenic aerosol emission in South Asia. The deteriorating air quality over this region, particularly during winters, is a cause of major concern, since the pollutants undergo long range transport from their source regions to the Indo-Himalayan Range (IHR), Bay of Bengal (BoB) and other remote areas, polluting their pristine atmospheric conditions. Seasonal reversal in winds over the Indian mainland leads to an outflow of continental pollutants into the BoB during winters and a net advection of desert dust aerosols into the IGP from southwest Asia (SW-Asia), northwest India (NW-India) and northern Africa (N-Africa) during summers. Through the course of this study, four observational campaigns were conducted for sampling the ambient PM2.5and PM10during winter and summer seasons of 2014–2015, at multiple locations (18 sites) in the IGP, IHR, and semi-arid/arid sites towards their south and west, in order to accurately determine the inter-seasonal and inter-annual changes in the aerosol loading at the sites. We have also utilized data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on-board Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite for estimating the columnar Aerosol Optical Depth at 550 nm (AOD550) and data from EOS Terra and Aqua satellites for discovering openly burning fires in the vicinity of sampling sites. Determination of the major source regions and key transport pathways during both seasons have also been attempted, using back-trajectory cluster analyses, as well as receptor models such as PSCF and CWT. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd