Browsing by Author "Nirdesh Kumar Ravi"

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Application of water quality index (WQI) and statistical techniques to assess water quality for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes of the Ghaghara River, India
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Nirdesh Kumar Ravi; Pawan Kumar Jha; Kriti Varma; Piyush Tripathi; Sandeep Kumar Gautam; Kirpa Ram; Manish Kumar; Vijay Tripathi
Ghaghara river samples were analysed to determine their quality and fitness for household, agriculture, and industrial use. In Ghaghara River, the cations were present in order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K +, and anions were in order of HCO3– > SO42− > Cl− > NO3– > F−. Gibbs's diagram indicated that carbonate and silicate weathering significantly influence the Ghaghara River ion chemistry. Piper trilinear diagrams indicated that Ca2++ Mg2+ exceeded the Na++ K +, and anions of weak acids dominated over the anions of strong acids, indicating Ca-HCO3 type of water. Based on the WQI values, the water quality class varied from 'unsuitable for drinking' to 'excellent' quality, and the parameter of concern was pH and fluoride ion concentration as they exceeded their permissible limits in the post-monsoon season, thereby negatively affecting the WQI values to unsuitable category. The computed value of the agriculture indices, including the Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Sodium percentage (Na %), Kelly ratio (KR), Permeability Index (PI) value, Magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), and Potential salinity (PS), indicated that water quality was suitable for agriculture use. The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) values indicated that 39% of the collected samples were unsuitable due to scale formation problems. Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) values indicated that the water of the Ghaghara River is corrosive and unsuitable for industrial use. © 2023 The Author(s)
Nutrient chemistry and eutrophication risk assessment of the Ghaghara river, India
(IWA Publishing, 2021) Nirdesh Kumar Ravi; Atul Srivastava; Pawan Kumar Jha; Kirpa Ram
This study was carried out to evaluate the eutrophication risk associated with the nutrient flux from the Ghaghara river by using nutrient molar ratios and indicators for coastal eutrophication potential values. The concentration of ammonium (3-8 times), nitrate (3-10 times), and phosphate (3-4.5 times) in the Ghaghara river were higher than the reported value for the unpolluted rivers, indicating the contribution from the anthropogenic sources. The dissolved nutrients concentration showed significant seasonal variations in the Ghaghara river system. The specific yield of nitrate-N, phosphate-P, and dissolved silica-Si from the Ghaghara river were 0.49,0.03 and 0.96 tons kmr2 yr~1 respectively. The average molar ratio for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)/Dissolved inorganic Phosphate (DIP) was above 16:1, which indicated phosphate limitation in biological productivity. In contrast, an average molar ratio of Dissolved inorganic Silica (DSi)/DIN of 4.6 ± 4.4 favored the diatom growth in the Ghaghara river. The negative value of P-ICEP (-2.93 kg C. kmr2day~1) indicated phosphate limitation in the Ghaghara river. The positive value of N-ICEP (1.71 kg Ckmr2day~1) indicates an excess of nitrogen over silica transport from the Ghaghara river to the Ganga river, which can create an eutrophication problem in the Ganga river. © 2021 The Authors