Browsing by Author "Om Prakash Mishra"

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Achieving self-sufficient model villages for inclusive growth: A case of Ramchandrapu
(National Institute of Rural Development, 2015) Girijesh Singh Mahra; Om Prakash Mishra; Linda Majani; Aleksandra Janjic; Tiwonge Kanyenda
According to 2011 census, 68.84 per cent of Indians live in about 638,691 villages. However, rural India's share in total national income is less than 45 per cent. Rural India is characterised by low income levels, poor quality of life and weak human capital base. Although in the post-economic reform period, India has grown economically faster, the performance in reduction of poverty, employment and economic disparity remained dismal. This is due to inability to extract and utilise rural people's potential through their participation in the government at the local level. The need of the hour is the convergence of all development interventions at the grassroots level which can be possible through effective governance within villages to convert them into Model villages- a concept which was not new but have been neglected in the mirage of worldly development. This paper presents a case study on a successful model village of India- Ramchandrapur (a village in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) and evaluates Ramchandrapur's unique governance system, which has made Ramchandrapur village a self-sufficient and autonomous village. This village has shown that inclusive growth can be achieved by local people by their combined and honest initiatives. Ultimately, India is a land of villages and India will only prosper if it's all villages prosper with equal socio-economic and inclusive growth.
Acid exposure induces multiplication of salmonella enterica serovar typhi
(American Society for Microbiology, 2014) Suneel Kumar Ahirwar; Chandra Bhan Pratap; Saurabh Kumar Patel; Vijay K. Shukla; Indarjeet Gambhir Singh; Om Prakash Mishra; Kailash Kumar; Tej Bali Singh; Gopal Nath
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi faces several environmental stresses while going through the stomach (acidic pH) to the small intestine (basic pH) and intracellularly in macrophages (acidic pH) in humans. The acidic pH followed by alkaline pH in the small intestine might be responsible for expression of certain stress-induced genes, resulting in not only better survival but also induction of multiplication and invasion of the bacterium in the small intestine. Based on this hypothesis, we developed a process wherein we exposed the blood, urine, and stool specimens from 90 acute typhoid fever patients and 36 chronic typhoid carriers to acidic pH to see the effect on isolation rate of S. Typhi. About 5 g of freshly passed unpreserved stool, a centrifuged deposit of 15 ml of urine, and 5 ml of blood clot were subjected to 5 ml of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (pH 3.5) for 20 min, followed by enrichment in bile broth-selenite F broth. When the combined isolation from all 3 specimens, i.e., blood, urine, and stool, after acid exposure was considered, a total of 77.7% of the acute typhoid patients were observed to be positive for the isolation of the S. Typhi serotype, compared to 8.8% by the conventional method. Similarly, 42% (15/36) of chronic carriers yielded positive for S. Typhi growth after acid exposure, compared to 5.5% (2/36) by the conventional method. It therefore can be concluded that acid shock triggers the multiplication of the bacteria, resulting in better isolation rates from blood clot, stool, and urine specimens. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
An Accidental Ingestion of Mosquito Repellent Liquid Vapouriser
(Springer India, 2015) Rajniti Prasad; Ankur Singh; Om Prakash Mishra
[No abstract available]
An infant with chronic diarrhoea and failure to thrive: Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2015) Ankur Singh; Rajniti Prasad; Om Prakash Mishra
Diarrhoea is a common clinical problem for treating clinicians in developing countries. Mostly, it is attributed to malnutrition and infection. We, as clinicians, tend to miss some of cases who have inherited enteropathies because of lack of suspicion and non availability of diagnostic facilities. Here, we report a case of homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia in a nine-month-old female patient presenting with chronic diarrhoea and failure to thrive. Simple parental screening of lipid parameters led to correct diagnosis and early intervention in present case. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All Rights Reserved.
An insight into seismotectonic scenario of the southwestern part of Delhi-NCR and delineation of new faults: Implications to seismic hazard potential
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sudipto Bhattacharjee; Sanjay Kumar Prajapati; A. Akilbasha; Om Prakash Mishra
The southwestern region of the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) experiences sporadic micro (M ≤ 3.0) and occasional small (M > 3.0) earthquakes with a seasonal influence. This study integrates remote sensing and seismological data to elucidate the seismotectonic scenario and identify potential unmapped faults. Analysis of DEM data (Cartoset) reveals numerous multidirectional minor faults, some coincident or conjugate to known major faults. Earthquake epicentres spatially correlate with several of these delineated faults. Fault plane solutions suggest a transition from central normal faulting to peripheral thrust faulting. Moment tensor decomposition indicates dominant double-couple mechanisms with significant non-double-couple components for earthquakes ranging from Mw 2.5 to 4.4. A major variation in principal stress orientation is apparent between the eastern and western regions of the study area. Stress inversion reveals a NW-SE shortening direction and unusual principal axis plunges, suggesting a rare “odd” or “unknown” faulting regime. These findings suggest ongoing rifting in the eastern Alwar basin may be inducing thrusting in the surrounding region along pre-existing Aravalli-Delhi fold belt thrusts. Seismogenesis likely results from a complex interplay of faulting, regional tectonics, and fluid interaction. This study highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach for unravelling the intricacies of seismotectonic in low-to-moderate seismicity regions, with varying strengths due to diverse structural heterogeneity associated with mapped or unmapped (hidden) faults, which have been delineated in this study, as an additional information for assessing seismic hazard potential for Delhi-NCR. © 2024 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University.
Analysis of predictors of relapse in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome
(Nepal Paediatric Society (NEPAS), 2017) Mukesh Bhatta; Gauri Shankar Shah; Om Prakash Mishra
Introduction: Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are steroid responsive but have relapses in subsequent non-treatment period. The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors which could predict relapses in these children. Material and Methods: Forty patients of INS aged 1-14 years of both gender were enrolled over one year period and followed for six months after treatment of initial episode of Nephrotic Syndrome. Results: The median age of children was 4.5 years and male to female ratio 1.9:1. There were 24(60%) relapses and 16(40%) non-relapses. The relapses had significantly higher mean total leukocyte count, serum urea, potassium and cholesterol than non-relapses. It was also observed that the median age of onset in relapses was significantly lower than non-relapses (p<0.001). Also, the median time to response to steroid therapy was longer in relapses than non-relapses (p<0.001). Children who relapsed had infections at the time of relapse. Conclusion: Thus, onset of disease in younger age group, late response to steroid therapy and presence of infections were found to be associated with relapses in these children. © 2017, Nepal Paediatric Society (NEPAS). All rights reserved.
Antioxidant status of children with acute renal failure
(2008) Om Prakash Mishra; Vishal Pooniya; Ziledar Ali; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay; Rajniti Prasad
The production of free radicals can cause renal injury and play a role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF). The indirect markers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in children with ARF and controls. Forty patients with ARF aged 0-10 years were selected. Twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were included as controls. Plasma malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, nitrite, copper, ascorbic acid, zinc, and ceruloplasmin levels were estimated in patients with ARF and controls. The plasma malondialdehyde (p <0.01), copper (p <0.001), ascorbic acid (p <0.05), and ceruloplasmin (p <0.001) levels were significantly raised in ARF patients in comparison with controls. Significantly higher levels of plasma malondialdehyde (p <0.01), nitrite (p <0.001), copper (p <0.001), and ceruloplasmin (p <0.001) and lower plasma zinc (p <0.01) were found in ARF nonsurvivors in comparison with survivors. The cutoff levels of plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin were found to be most accurate in predicting mortality in ARF patients and had maximum sensitivity (100%) and specificity (60.7%) among the parameters studied. In conclusion, the increased levels of oxidants and antioxidants suggest the production of ROS and their possible role in ARF pathogenesis. Plasma nitrite and ceruloplasmin concentrations demonstrated predictive ability in relation to mortality. © IPNA 2008.
Arteriovenous malformation of brain with stroke in Down syndrome: A case report
(2009) Rajniti Prasad; Utpal Kant Singh; Om Prakash Mishra
Down syndrome is a common chromosomal aberration in children. A variety of associated malformations have been reported in the literature, including vascular malformations of pelvic organs. The vascular malformations of brain with Down syndrome have not been reported in the literature. Therefore, we report a child with Down syndrome, with associated arteriovenous malformation in the brain, who developed stroke and was treated successfully.
Askin tumor: A rare neoplasm of thoracopulmonary region
(Medknow Publications, 2016) Ankur Singh; Abhishek Abhinay; Abhishek Kumar; Rajniti Prasad; Amrita Ghosh; Om Prakash Mishra
Askin tumor is a rare neoplasm of thoracopulmonary region. But it mimics other common pediatric disorders, such as empyema, lymphoma, and tuberculosis, posing a great diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the treating clinicians. So it is of utmost importance to make an early diagnosis and proper referral/treatment in such cases. We highlighted diagnostic challenge, treatment, and favorable outcome of a case that presented to us. © 2016 Indian Chest Society.
Castleman disease presenting with cervical adenopathy in a four-year-old girl: A case report and review of literature
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Ankur Singh; Vijay Kumar Jha; Rajniti Prasad; Mohan Kumar; Om Prakash Mishra
Castleman Disease (CD) is an uncommon cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in paediatric age group. It is not uncommon to misdiagnose such condition in lack of facility and expertise. Only few cases have been reported from outside Indian Subcontinent so far in paediatric age group (≤18 years), presenting with cervical adenopathy. Four-year-old girl child presented to our OPD with bilateral enlargement of cervical nodes. Tissue diagnosis of cervical node revealed CD. We managed the case conservatively without any surgical intervention. Child responded well to conservative treatment and is in follow up without any problem of recurrence and need of surgery. This case highlights overall benign course of disease in unicentric hyaline vascular type CD. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Cerebrospinal fluid TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in children with bacterial meningitis
(2014) Rajniti Prasad; Rishi Kapoor; Ragini Srivastava; Om Prakash Mishra; Tej Bali Singh
Objective We evaluated the levels of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in bacterial meningitis in children. Methods The study included children up to 14 years of age admitted to a pediatric ward with fever, headache, vomiting, and seizures. The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was based on clinical features: physical examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical findings, Gram stain, and bacterial culture. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured in 57 children with bacterial meningitis, 15 with viral meningitis, and 15 controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results The mean concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were 1108 ± 183, 652 ± 287, and 442 ± 120 pg/mL, respectively, in children with bacterial meningitis and were significantly increased in those in the viral meningitis group (tumor necrosis factor-α: 711 ± 105, IL-6: 272 ± 161, IL-8: 175 ± 62 pg/mL; P < 0.001) or control (390 ± 37, 59 ± 17, 19 ± 13 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). At optimum cutoff level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8) showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. For differentiation of bacterial from viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid level of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-8 showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 86.7%, 80.7% and 53.3%, and 89.5% and 86.7%, respectively. Conclusion The increased concentration of cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in children with meningitis suggests a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and these levels might prove to be useful in children whose diagnosis is in question. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Cerebrospinal fluid zinc, magnesium, copper and gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in febrile seizures
(IOS Press, 2007) Om Prakash Mishra; Deepak Singhal; Ram Sanmukh Upadhyay; Rajniti Prasad; Divya Atri
The exact etiopathogenesis of febrile seizures (FS) is unknown. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in children with FS. The study subjects included 20 cases of FS, 26 patients of encephalitis and 22 children of fever with meningismus. The Zn, Mg and Cu levels in CSF and serum were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and GABA was estimated by paper chromatography method. The mean CSF Zn, Mg and Cu values were significantly decreased in FS in comparison to encephalitis and fever with meningismus cases (P<0.05). The mean serum Zn and Mg levels were also decreased in FS patients when compared with other two groups (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum Cu levels among the three groups. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of CSF and serum GABA between FS and encephalitis, but the values were found to be significantly decreased when compared with fever with meningismus (P<0.05). Patients of FS having higher body temperature (>37.9°C) had significantly decreased levels of CSF (P<0.05) and serum GABA (P<0.01) in comparison to those having temperature of 37.2-37.8°C. Significant positive correlations were found between CSF and serum Zn, Mg and GABA values. The CSF Zn also had significant positive correlations with CSF Mg and GABA levels. These findings suggest a relationship between low levels of Zn, Mg and GABA and predisposition to FS in children. © 2007 IOS Press. All rights reserved.
Clinical and metabolic profile of glutaric aciduria type 1 from North India: Tertiary centre experience
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2017) Ankur Singh; Rajniti Prasad; Seema Kapoor; Om Prakash Mishra
Introduction: Glutaric aciduria type 1 is caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydogenase leading to accumulation of glutarylcarnitine in blood and excretion of glutaric acid, 3-hyroxyglutaric acid and glutaconic acid in urine. It can be diagnosed through high risk screening in symptomatic cases. Aim: To know the clinical, biochemical, neuroimaging and outcome profile of Glutaric aciduria type 1 patient diagnosed during testing by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (TMS) and Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Materials and Methods: It was retrospective record analysis of patients diagnosed with Glutaric aciduria type 1. 2000 patients were screened for various indications like (developmental delay/regression, unexplained seizures, encephalopathy, dystonia, chorea, large head, unexplained sibling death). Screening strategy involved estimation of lactate, ammonia, TMS and GCMS. Neuroimaging was done where it was required. This study was conducted over a period of three years (Jan 2014 to Dec 2016). Results: Study group comprised of 10 males and 3 females. Median age (interquartile range) of presentation in study group was 11 months (10-22.5). Pretesting diagnosis was suspected as inborn error of metabolism in each case based on clinical presentation. Seizure and dystonia were important clinical presentation. Frontotemporal atrophy was important neuroimaging finding. Macrocephaly was present in two of thirteen cases. Glutarylcarnitine level was normal in 5 of 11 patients, suggesting poor sensitivity of TMS in diagnosed cases. There was wide variation in excretion of urinary metabolite from cases to cases, highlighting genetic heterogenousity. Conclusion: Seizures and dystonia were important clinical presentations. Presence of bilateral frontotemporal atrophy in clinical testing was an important clue to diagnosis. Presence of macrocephaly (important sign of disease) was present in only two cases. There was only one death in follow up. © 2017, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Clinical and Molecular Profile of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): Case-Record Analysis From Uttar Pradesh, India
(Springer, 2024) Ankur Singh; Minketan Sidar; Akhtar Ali; Abhishek Abhinay; Rajniti Prasad; Om Prakash Mishra
Objectives: To assess the clinical and molecular profile of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) presenting to a tertiary center in Eastern Region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: In this retrospective study, case records of all patients diagnosed as DMD were analyzed to ascertain the clinical phenotype and molecular profile. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) technique, Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) were used for establishing the molecular diagnosis. Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD) frame checker online tool was used to predict clinical severity of the cases. Results: Records of 112 children with DMD were analyzed. The median (IQR) age of onset and clinical presentation of disease was 60 (12, 132) months and 90 (33, 156) months, respectively. The most common clinical presentations were difficulty in standing from sitting position (n = 107), difficulty in climbing stairs (n = 106), and difficulty in walking (n = 99). Bilateral calf muscle hypertrophy and a positive Gower’s sign was seen in 110 and 108 patients at presentation. The median (IQR) creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels at diagnosis were 6296.5 (4320, 7432.5) U/L. The genetic variation in 111 patients were reported as deletion (n = 105), duplication (n = 3), and point variation (n = 3). 22 patients could benefit from the available exon skipping therapy. Exondys (exon 51 skipping) could be used in 14 patients. Conclusion: Deletions were recorded in a much higher proportion of patients compared to previous studies from India. There were 22 patients who could have been benefitted by the available exon skipping therapy. © Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2024.
Clinical presentation and outcome of children with brain abscess: Author's reply
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Rajniti Prasad; John Biswas; Kulwant Singh; Om Prakash Mishra; Ankur Singh
[No abstract available]
Clinical Profile and Outcome of COVID-19 Among Immunocompromised Children
(Springer, 2021) Sunil Kumar Rao; Ashutosh Kumar; Rajniti Prasad; Vineeta Gupta; Om Prakash Mishra
This retrospective study describes the clinical profile, risk of infection and outcome of coronavirus disease-19 in immunocompromised children. It was found that children on immunosuppressant medication has 2.89 times increased risk of infection (P=0.01). Disease manifestation was asymptomatic (P=0.01) or mild with predominant gastrointestinal symptoms (P=0.02) without alteration in immunosuppressive treatment regime. © 2021, Indian Academy of Pediatrics.
Comparison of efficacy of first haemodialysis session for correction of metabolic disturbances in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in children
(Nepal Paediatric Society (NEPAS), 2021) Shubham Verma; Abhishek Abhinay; Om Prakash Mishra; Ankur Singh; Rajniti Prasad
Introduction: Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease present with various complications like electrolyte disturbances, metabolic acidosis and fluid overload in children. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of the first session of haemodialysis in children with acute kidney injury stage 3 and chronic kidney disease G5 treated by dialysis for immediate recovery of renal functions in terms of reduction in the level of azotemia, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, metabolic acidosis, and improvement in clinical status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative observational study conducted on 13 patients of acute kidney injury stage 3 and 46 patients with chronic kidney disease G5, who required haemodialysis. Their clinical assessment, fluid status, renal function tests, electrolyte, bicarbonate were done at admission and completion of the first session of heamodialysis. Results: The age group of children was six to 16 years (median 11.4 years). There were six males (46%) and seven females (54%) in the acute kidney injury group and 29 (63%) males and 17 (37%) females in chronic kidney disease G5 groups. Sepsis (31%) and glomerulonephritis (31%) were common etiologies detected for acute kidney injury while in chronic kidney disease G5, congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract were the commonest (50%). There were significant reductions in the levels of serum urea and creatinine and a rise in blood pH, bicarbonate level, and base excess following the first session of haemodialysis in comparison to pre-dialysis values in both AKI and CKD. Conclusions: The study demonstrated improvement in the clinical parameters and biochemical parameters equally after the first dialysis sessions in both groups. This is one of the effective renal replacement therapy and should be instituted wherever indicated to improve the immediate outcome of the patients. © 2021, Nepal Paediatric Society (NEPAS). All rights reserved.
Disaster Risk Reduction Including Climate Change Adaptation Over South Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward
(Beijing Normal University Press, 2019) Rajesh K. Mall; Ravindra K. Srivastava; Tirthankar Banerjee; Om Prakash Mishra; Diva Bhatt; Geetika Sonkar
South Asia is vulnerable to a variety of hydrometeorological hazards, which are often cross-boundary in nature. Climate change is expected to influence many of these hazards. Thus, climate-related risks over South Asia make disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) key policy goals. Recently there is an increasing consensus that DRR including CCA should be embedded in development planning. Disaster risk reduction including CCA has progressively gained importance in global governance. Across South Asia, however, such integration is only in a preliminary stage. This review was to assess the existing status and scope of DRR including CCA in development projects across South Asia, so that an effective and achievable deliberation may be made to regional policymakers. A total of 371 projects relevant to CCA and DRR were reviewed. The project inventory was diverse in nature with respect to location, scale, sectoral focus, and strategic importance. Bangladesh, India, and Bhutan were observed to be proactive in implementing DRR- and CCA-related projects. Meta-analysis of the project inventory suggests an urgent need for an individual and collaborative convergence of processes for DRR and CCA through policies, plans, strategies, and programs. © 2018, The Author(s).
Disseminated cysticercosis in a child
(2012) Rajniti Prasad; Kanika Kapoor; Deepak Mishra; M.K. Singh; Arvind Srivastava; Om Prakash Mishra
[No abstract available]
Do Not Forget to Look at the Big Toe
(Springer, 2017) Ankur Singh; Rajniti Prasad; Vidya Kumari Saurabh; Priyanka Aggarwal; Om Prakash Mishra
[No abstract available]