Browsing by Author "P.K. Gupta"

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Clinical evaluation of diazepam for relief of postoperative pain
(Oxford University Press, 1981) P.N. Singh; P. Sharma; P.K. Gupta; K. Pandy
A double-blind trial was undertaken to compare the effects of trimeprazine tartrate (2mgkg-1 or 4mgkg-1) plus atropine 0.03mgkg-1 for oral preinedication of 192 children undergoing tonsillectomy. Demeanour before operation, side-effects after operation, recovery times and fluid balance were studied. Behaviour in the anaesthetic room and restlessness after operation were unaffected by the dose given. There was less vomiting associated with 4mgkg-1 compared with 2mg kg-1. Prolonged recovery times occurred frequently in the two groups, 14% in the small- and 17% in the large-dose groups taking more than 10 h to recover full mental faculties. Fluid bal4nce was unaffected by the dose and prolonged recovery did not result in a reduction of urine output. Trimeprazine tartrate is not recommended for routine premedication when early recovery is required. © 1981 Macmillian Publishers Ltd.
Crystal growth and nonlinear optical studies of m-dinitrobenzene doped urea
(2011) R.N. Rai; S.R. Mudunuri; R.S.B. Reddi; V.S.A. Kumar Satuluri; S. Ganeshmoorthy; P.K. Gupta
Urea is an attractive material for frequency conversion of high power lasers to UV but the frequent use of urea (U) crystal at normal atmosphere is troublesome due to its hygroscopic nature. The hygroscopic character of urea has been modified by making the solid solution with m-dinitrobenzene (DNB). The phase diagram of DNB and U shows the formation of a monotectic and a eutectic. There is also a large region of immiscibility, where two immiscible liquid phases are in equilibrium with a liquid of single phase. The solubility of U, DNB and UDNB and the stability of solutions have been studied in methanol at different particular temperatures. vant Hoff equation was used to determine the enthalpy and entropy for the different saturation temperatures for each material. Transparent single crystals of UDNB have been grown from a saturated solution in methanol and the optimum conditions to grow the good quality crystals have been determined. Optical properties, e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG), refractive index and band gap of the UDNB crystal were measured and their values compared with parent compounds. Besides modification in hygroscopic nature, UDNB also shows the higher SHG signal than the parent components. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cyclophosphamide induced dysmelia in chick embryos
(1975) S. Singh; G.V. Lakshmy; P.K. Gupta
Three hundred and ninety four chick embryos collected on 15th to 19th day of incubation, after cyclophosphamide injection into their yolk sacs on 3rd to 6th day of incubation, showed dysmelia in 55 per cent of cases. Eighty two per cent of the affected limbs showed bilateral involvement. Besides other anomalies, the malformations of the limbs included micromelia, rotational deformities, and various digital defects, the latter being the most frequent. Of the digital anomalies, brachydactyly was the commonest (46 per cent) as compared to ectrodactyly (7 per cent) and syndactyly (2 per cent). Individually, the second toe showed the highest incidence of brachydactyly (41 per cent). Preferential attack of cyclophosphamide on 2nd toe and its suppressive effect especially on the mesenchyme possibly disturbing the interaction between the mesoderm and its overlying ectodermal ridge, are discussed.
Effect of moisture regime and fertility level on growth, yield, nutrient turnover and moisture use by french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
(1996) P.K. Gupta; Kalyan Singh; U.N. Singh; R.N. Singh; J.S. Bohra
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of moisture regime and fertility level on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and moisture use by 'HUR 15' french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Treatments comprised 4 moisture regimes (1W : CPE ratios 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) in main plots and 4 fertility levels [control (N0P0K0), low (N40P12.9K16.6), medium (N80P25.80K33.2) and high (N120P38.7K49.8)] in subplots, in split-plot design during winter season of 1988-89 and 1989-90. Irrigation regimes significantly increased the dry-matter production, leaf-area index, relative growth rate, pods/plant (61.3%), seeds/plant (21.9%), 100-secd weight (22.8%). grain yield (32.4%), protein harvest (38.9%) and NPK uptake up to 0.75 IW : CPE ratio compared with 0.25 IW : CPE ratio. An increase in moisture regime increased the consumptive water use. However, higher water-use efficiency (33.3%) was associated with lower moisture regime (IW : CPE ratio 0.25). Dry-matter accumulation/plant, leaf-area index, relative growth rate, pods/plant, seeds/pod, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, protein recovery by grain and straw and the NPK uptake increased significantly with corresponding increase in fertility level. Higher fertility level (N120P38.7K49.8) led to 8.8% higher moisture use and 115.6% moisture-use efficiency than the control.
In vivo and in vitro bradycardia induced by local anesthetics is potentiated by calcium channel blockers
(2009) Maloy B. Mandal; Manoj K. Sahu; Sanchayan Mandal; P.K. Gupta
The present study examined the interactions of local anesthetics (LA) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on rhythmicity of heart using in vivo and in vitro experiments. ECG recordings were made from the anesthetized rats for in vivo preparations and spontaneously beating isolated rat right atrial potential for the in vitro experiments. The in vivo experiments with LA showed dose-dependent bradycardia with lignocaine (LIG, 100-500 μg/kg) and bupivacaine (BUP, 10-100 μg/kg). BUP was 4-5 times more potent than LIG. Verapamil (VML) and diltiazem (DTZ), CCBs also produced dose (10-100 μg/kg) -dependent bradycardia. However, none of them affected the PR/QT interval or QRS complex. Further, LA-induced bradycardia was potentiated by CCBs. In addition, flattening of P-wave in ECG was observed with doses (10-25 μg/kg) of LA in the presence of CCBs. Similarly, the in vitro experiments demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in atrial rate by BUP or VML. The BUP-induced decrease was potentiated in the presence of VML. Thus, the results suggest that CCBs potentiate the LA-induced bradycardia by involving pacemaker activity. Further, the flattening of P-wave in ECG serves as an early indicator of the cardiotoxicity produced by these drugs.
Introgression of the high grain protein gene Gpc-B1 in an elite wheat variety of Indo-Gangetic Plains through marker assisted backcross breeding
(Elsevier B.V., 2014) Manish K. Vishwakarma; V.K. Mishra; P.K. Gupta; P.S. Yadav; H. Kumar; Arun K. Joshi
Grain protein content (GPC) in wheat has been a major trait of interest for breeders since it has enormous end use potential. In the present study, marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) was successfully used to improve GPC in wheat cultivar HUW468. The genotype Glu269 was used as the donor parent for introgression of the gene Gpc-B1 that confers high GPC. In a segregating population, SSR marker Xucw108, with its locus linked to Gpc-B1 was used for foreground selection to select plants carrying Gpc-B1. Background selection, involving 86 polymorphic SSR markers dispersed throughout the genome, was exercised to recover the genome of HUW468. For eliminating linkage drag, markers spanning a 10. cM region around the gene Gpc-B1 were employed to select lines with a donor segment of the minimum size carrying the gene of interest. Improved lines had significantly higher GPC and displayed 88.4-92.3 per cent of the recurrent parent genome (RPG). For grain yield, selected lines were at par with the recurrent parent HUW468, suggesting that there was no yield penalty. The whole exercise of transfer of Gpc-B1 and reconstitution of the genome of HUW468 was completed within a period of two and half years (five crop cycles) demonstrating practical utility of MABC for developing high GPC lines in the background of any elite and popular wheat cultivar with relatively higher speed and precision.(. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). © 2014 The Authors.
Investigation of glycopyrrolate as a premedicant drug
(Oxford University Press, 1980) A. Sengupta; P.K. Gupta; K. Pandey
The clinical efficacy of glycopyrrolate, a synthetic anticholinergic drug, for premedication was compared in a double-blind study with that of atropine or hyoscine in patients anaesthetized with diethyl ether. The antisialogogue actions of the three drugs were similar. Glycopyrrolate produced less tachycardia, pyrexia and blurred vision than atropine, and its sedative effect was less than that of hyoscine. © 1980 Macmillan Journals Ltd.
Phase equilibria, crystallization, thermal and microstructural studies on organic monotectic analog of nonmetal-nonmetal system; urea-4-bromo-2-nitroaniline
(2012) R.S.B. Reddi; S. Ganesamoorthy; P.K. Gupta; R.N. Rai
The phase diagram of urea-4-bromo-2-nitroaniline system was studied which shows a large miscibility gap and the formation of a eutectic and a monotectic where the mole fractions of 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline are 0.899 and 0.020, respectively. The critical temperature is being 61.5 °C above the monotectic horizontal. The formation of solid solution of 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline in urea was studied by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the enthalpies of fusion of the pure components, the eutectic and the monotectic were determined. The different thermodynamic parameters such as heat of mixing, entropy of fusion, roughness parameter, interfacial energy and excess thermodynamic functions were calculated utilizing the heat of fusion values. The solid-liquid interfacial energy has also been calculated and their effects on morphological change of microstructure of monotectic and eutectic have been discussed. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Sedation with propofol during combined spinal epidural anesthesia: Comparison of dose requirement of propofol with and without BIS monitoring
(2013) R.K. Verma; Anil K. Paswan; Shashi Prakash; Surender K. Gupta; P.K. Gupta
Background: Bispectral (BIS) monitoring provides an objective, non-invasive measure of the level of consciousness in sedated patients. Sedation has been shown to increase patient satisfaction during regional anesthesia. Propofol is extensively being used as a sedative, providing sedation while patients remain cooperative and can be easily aroused. In this study, we sought to determine whether BIS is a useful adjunctive manoeuvre to reduce the sedative dose of propofol by using BIS. Methodology: Forty patients of ASA grade I and II, weighing between 30 to 60 kg, undergoing elective gynecological surgery of about 60 minutes duration were included in the study, and randomly divided into two groups. All patients received combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA). The patients in Group-P (n=20) received propofol without BIS monitoring and those in Group-PB (n=20), received propofol under BIS monitoring. Total doses of propofol consumed in all patients were calculated and compared using paired t-test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The mean total dose of propofol consumed was 130.25 mg ± 46.95 without BIS monitoring (Group-P) compared to 68.49 mg ± 12.59 in patients (Group-PB) in which BIS was used to monitor the desired sedation level (P< 0.001). Mean dose to reach required level of sedation was also reduced (68.35 ± 21.10 vs 29.01 ± 9.45, P< 0.001). Conclusion: Use of BIS during propofol infusion reduces requirement of propofol for sedation during regional anesthesia.
Skeletal defects induced by cyclophosphamide (endoxan-asta) in chick embryos - Preliminary report: Department of anatomy
(Informa Healthcare, 1971) Shamer Singh; S.M. Tuli; P.K. Gupta
[No abstract available]
Solid state synthesis, crystal growth and optical properties of urea and p-chloronitrobenzene solid solution
(Academic Press Inc., 2016) R.N. Rai; Shiva Kant; R.S.B. Reddi; S. Ganesamoorthy; P.K. Gupta
Urea is an attractive material for frequency conversion of high power lasers to UV (for wavelength down to 190 nm), but its usage is hindered due to its hygroscopic nature, though there is no alternative organic NLO crystal which could be transparent up to 190 nm. The hygroscopic character of urea has been modified by making the solid solution (UCNB) of urea (U) and p-chloronitrobenzene (CNB). The formation of the solid solution of CNB in U is explained on the basis of phase diagram, powder XRD, FTIR, elemental analysis and single crystal XRD studies. The solubility of U, CNB and UCNB in ethanol solution is evaluated at different temperatures. Transparent single crystals of UCNB are grown from its saturated solution in ethanol. Optical properties e.g., second harmonic generation (SHG), refractive index and the band gap for UCNB crystal were measured and their values were compared with the parent compounds. Besides modification in hygroscopic nature, UCNB has also shown the higher SHG signal and mechanical hardness in comparison to urea crystal. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Spot blotch disease of wheat: the current status of research on genetics and breeding
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2018) P.K. Gupta; R. Chand; N.K. Vasistha; S.P. Pandey; U. Kumar; V.K. Mishra; A.K. Joshi
The spot blotch disease of wheat is caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, which is an anamorph (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus). The disease mainly occurs in warm, humid wheat-growing regions, and the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia is a hotspot. Significant progress has been made in recent years in characterizing the host–pathogen interaction. The study of the pathogen's life cycle and diversity have been an active area of research. A number of resistance sources have also been identified, characterized and used for breeding. Although immunity has not been observed in any genotype, cultivars displaying a relatively high level of resistance have been developed and made available to farmers. Further progress will require regular use of marker-assisted breeding, genomic selection, gene editing and transgenic interventions. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about genetic and breeding efforts on the wheat–B. sorokiniana pathosystem and discusses ways in which emerging tools can be used for future research to understand the mechanism involved in infection and for developing cultivars exhibiting a high level of resistance. © 2017 British Society for Plant Pathology
The effect of height and weight adjusted dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective caesarean section
(Nepal Medical Association, 2011) Asish Subedi; M. Tripathi; B.K. Bhattarai; P.K. Gupta; K. Pokharel; M.C. Regmi
Introduction: The study compared spinal anesthesia using intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine between height and weight adjusted dose and fixed dose during caesarean section. Methods: A hundred parturients, who had given their consent and were scheduled for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned into two groups. We adjusted the intrathecal dose of heavy bupivacaine (0.5 %) according to the height and weight of patients (Group AD) from Harten's dose chart developed from the Caucasian parturients and the fixed dose (2.2 ml) was used in Group FD patients. Keeping the observer blinded to the study groups, the onset time to sensory block up to T5, haemodynamic changes, side effects, and fetal outcome were observed. Results: The median onset time of spinal block in Group FD was faster than in Group AD (6 min vs. 4 min; p = 0.01). The spinal block level extended above T3 level in a significantly (p < 0.05) larger number of patients 12 (24 %) in Group FD than in one (2 %) patient in Group AD. A significantly (p < 0.05) larger number of patients, 32, (64 %) in Group FD had hypotension than in 15 (30 %) patients in Group AD. The lowest recorded SAP (101 ± 6 mm Hg) in Group AD was higher than in Group FD (96 ± 6.7 mm Hg). Nausea and vomiting were more pronounced in Group FD patients. Conclusions: The bupivacaine dose was significantly reduced on its dose adjustment for the body weight and height of patients for cesearean section. This adjusted-dose use suitably restricted spinal block level for cesarean section with a distinct advantage of less hypotension and with a similar neonatal outcome as fixed compared with the dose use.