Browsing by Author "P.K. Mishra"

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A data structure perspective to the RDD-based Apriori algorithm on Spark
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Pankaj Singh; Sudhakar Singh; P.K. Mishra; Rakhi Garg
During the recent years, a number of efficient and scalable frequent itemset mining algorithms for big data analytics have been proposed by many researchers. Initially, MapReduce-based frequent itemset mining algorithms on Hadoop cluster were proposed. Although, Hadoop has been developed as a cluster computing system for handling and processing big data, but the performance of Hadoop does not meet the expectation for the iterative algorithms of data mining, due to its high I/O, and writing and then reading intermediate results in the disk. Consequently, Spark has been developed as another cluster computing infrastructure which is much faster than Hadoop due to its in-memory computation. It is highly suitable for iterative algorithms and supports batch, interactive, iterative, and stream processing of data. Many frequent itemset mining algorithms have been re-designed on the Spark, and most of them are Apriori-based. All these Spark-based Apriori algorithms use Hash Tree as the underlying data structure. This paper investigates the efficiency of various data structures for the Spark-based Apriori. Although, the data structure perspective has been investigated previously, but for the MapReduce-based Apriori, and it must be re-investigated in the distributed computing environment of Spark. The considered underlying data structures are Hash Tree, Trie, and Hash Table Trie. The experimental results on the benchmark datasets show that the performance of Spark-based Apriori with Trie and Hash Table Trie are almost similar but both perform many times better than Hash Tree in the distributed computing environment of Spark. © 2019, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Computer Applications and Management.
A MapReduce-Based User Identification Algorithm in Web Usage Mining
(IGI Global, 2018) Mitali Srivastava; Rakhi Garg; P.K. Mishra
This article contends that in the booming era of information, analysing users’ navigation behaviour is an important task. User identification is considered as one of the important and challenging tasks in the data preprocessing phase of the Web usage mining process. There are three important issues with the reactive strategies of User identification methods that need to be focused: the first is dealing of sharing IP address problem in a proxy server environment, the second is distinguishing users from Web robots, and the third is dealing with huge datasets efficiently. In this article, authors have developed a MapReduce-based User identification algorithm that deals with the above mentioned three issues related to user identification methods. Moreover, the experiment on the real web server log shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed algorithm. Copyright © 2018, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited.
A multi-layered hybrid model for cancer cell invasion
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Sounak Sadhukhan; P.K. Mishra
In this article, a hybrid model is developed based on multi-scale concept for solid tumour cell invasion into a healthy tissue. Our aim is to study the tumour heterogeneity due to the geometry of a growing tumour caused by the phenotypic transformations of cells. In this context, an early vascular growth is considered after angiogenesis. Hence, the microenvironment of the solid tumour is rich of oxygen and nutrients. It is also considered that epidermal growth factor (EGF) is distributed into the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumour. The developed multi-layered model consists of three layers: intracellular or subcellular, cellular, and extracellular or tissue layer. The model integrates the events that occur simultaneously in these three layers to identify the underlying diversity. Here, every cell is represented as an agent. Characteristics of an agent are controlled by its intracellular protein expressions and its surrounding microenvironment. A mature proliferative or migratory or hybrid cell agent spawn two indistinguishable children unless it may convert into other phenotype due to influence of the microenvironment. Further, a simple cell cycle model is adapted which is influenced by EGF-EGFR signalling pathway and the external oxygen and nutrients. Moreover, migratory and hybrid cells secrete several matrix degrading enzymes (MDEs) which remodel the ECM for tumour invasion locally. Several biomechanical forces are considered that simultaneously act on the cancer cells. The outcome of the model is very similar to the results reported in earlier studies. The model shows the characteristics of cancer invasion that include sustainable proliferation by ignoring growth suppressor signals and reproduction of cancer cells at abnormal proportion, restrict apoptosis, and invade into the surrounding tissue. As the simulation parameters get modified due to different biochemical and biophysical processes, the robustness of the model is determined. It is found that only a number of proliferative cells are moderately sensitive to the parameters and others are less-sensitive. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.
A multi-scale agent-based model for avascular tumour growth
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2021) Sounak Sadhukhan; P.K. Mishra; S.K. Basu; J.K. Mandal
In this paper, we have developed a multi-scale, lattice-free, agent based model of avascular tumour growth in epithelial tissue. The model integrates different events to identify the underlying diversity within intracellular, cellular, and extracellular layer dynamics. The model considers every cell as an agent. A cellular agent may proliferate, spawns two identical daughter agents, or it may be transformed into other phenotypes during its life time depending on its internal proteins′ activity as well as its external microenvironment. In this context, a simplified age-structured cell cycle model is adopted from the existing literature. The model considers that the intracellular events are regulated by p27 gene expression. In this model, p27 protein controls the overall tumour growth dynamics. Moreover, p27 is controlled by the external oxygen and nutrients that are modelled with the reaction-diffusion equations. The model also considers several biophysical forces which directly effect on the tumour growth dynamics. This modelling framework offers biologically realistic outcomes and also covers important criteria of the hallmarks of cancer which include oxygen and nutrient consumptions, micro-environmental heterogeneity, tumour cell proliferation by avoiding growth suppressor signals, replication of tumour cells at an abnormally faster rate, and resistance of apoptosis. The avascular tumour growth model is validated with immunohistochemistry and histopathology data. The outcome of the proposed model is very close to the range of the patient data, which concludes that the model is capable enough to mimic these complex biophysical phenomena. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
A simple and exactly solvable model for a semiflexible polymer chain interacting with a surface
(2003) P.K. Mishra; S. Kumar; Y. Singh
We use the lattice model of directed walks to investigate the conformational as well as the adsorption properties of a semiflexible homopolymer chain immersed in a good solvent in 2D and 3D. To account for the stiffness in the chain we have introduced energy barrier for each bend in the walk and have calculated the persistent length as a function of this energy. For the adsorption on an impenetrable surface perpendicular to the preferred direction of the walk we have solved the model exactly and have found the critical value of the surface attractions for the adsorption in both 2D and 3D. We have also enumerated all possible walks on square and cubic lattices for the number of steps N≤30 for 2D and N≤20 for 3D and have used ratio method for extrapolation. The transition located using this method is in excellent agreement with the results found from the analytical method. We have compared the results of surface adsorption for two different surface orientations. In one of the orientation, surface is considered parallel to the preferred direction and in another it is perpendicular to the preferred direction. Results found in both the cases indicate that for stiffer chains adsorption transition takes place at higher temperature compared to that of flexible chain © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Advances in Membrane Technology Used in the Wastewater Treatment Process
(wiley, 2021) Naresh K. Sethy; Zeenat Arif; K.S. Sista; P.K. Mishra; Pradeep Kumar; Avinash K. Kushwaha
Water is the most precious and essential requirement for all living beings. Different types of pollutants such as organic and inorganic (heavy metals, dyes, etc.) discharges from industries, agriculture, and households result in high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), degrading water quality and leading to contaminant growth above the permissible limits converting freshwater to wastewater. Conventional water treatment techniques like coagulation, flocculation, adsorption, and distillation are not very efficient because of more chemical usage, large energy consumption, sludge formation, and a huge footprint requirement, and these processes will also lead to the release of secondary pollutants into the environment. One such alternative method with added advantages overcoming the above-mentioned limitations is wastewater treatment using membrane technology. Pressure-driven membrane processes like microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) are being widely used for wastewater treatment applications with high effectiveness and efficiency. Besides known advantages, these technologies also suffer from minor limitations like fouling, permeability, durability, etc., which causes a decline in flux and separation efficiency and reduces the life of the membrane. Modern-day research on membranes is inclined toward the synthesis and development of membranes and membrane-based technologies with superior antifouling, thermal resistance, chemical resistance, permeability, and durability, along with low energy and low cost. In this chapter, the focus is on elucidating pressure-driven membrane technologies being used for wastewater treatment and their recent advancement using various nanomaterials. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Analysis of data extraction and Data cleaning in web usage mining
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2015) Mitali Srivastava; Rakhi Garg; P.K. Mishra
Data preprocessing is considered as an important phase of Web usage mining due to unstructured, heterogeneous and noisy nature of log data. Complete and effective data pre- processing insures the efficiency and scalability of algorithms used in pattern discovery phase of Web usage mining. Data preprocessing generally includes the steps- Data fusion, Data cleaning, User identification, Session identification, Path completion etc. Data cleaning is the initial and important step in preprocessing to extract cleaned data for further processing. It is important to apply data extraction before data cleaning on raw log data in analysis of specific time-duration i.e. one day, one week or one month etc. In this paper we have mainly focused on data fusion, data extraction and data cleaning steps of preprocessing and proposed an algorithm for data extraction which extracts log data according to analysis of time duration. This algorithm also sorts log entries according to their date and time which will be further used in prediction of browsing sequence of user. After that we have applied data cleaning algorithm on extracted real Web server log. In data cleaning almost all irrelevant files, irrelevant HTTP methods and wrong HTTP status codes are considered and after experiment it is analyzed that raw log data reduces to almost 80% which shows the importance of initial phases of data preprocessing. © Copyright 2015 ACM.
Antifungal activity of venenatine, an indole alkaloid isolated from Alstonia venenata
(Czech Academy of Sciences, 2000) U.P. Singh; B.K. Sarma; P.K. Mishra; A.B. Ray
The indole alkaloid venenatine exhibited antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi Venenatine in an aqueous acetic acid solution inhibited spore germination of all the 10 tested fungi; Fusarium udum, Alternaria brassicicola, Ustilago cynodontis and Aspergillus flavus showed an especially high sensitivity towards this compound, exhibiting germination levels below 10%. The spore germination and colony development of the parasitic fungus Erysiphe pisi, which causes powdery mildew in pea (Pisum sativum), on excised leaves of pea was also significantly affected. Pre-inoculation rather than post inoculation treatment of the leaves was more inhibitory against spore germination and colony development.
Arsenic removal from synthetic waste water by CuO nano-flakes synthesized by aqueous precipitation method
(Desalination Publications, 2017) D.B. Pal; D.D. Giri; P. Singh; S. Pal; P.K. Mishra
Arsenic contamination in the drinking water is a serious issue affecting health of inhabitants of developing countries like India and Bangladesh and needs cost effective solutions. The nanomaterials having large surface area per unit volume could be useful adsorbent for water arsenic decontamination. The CuO nanomaterial synthesized by aqueous precipitation method. The obtained nanomaterial suspension sonicated for 15 min before centrifugation at 5,000 g for 10 min. Thoroughly washed and overnight dried pellets at 60°C characterized by scanning electron microscope revealed nanoflakes structure of the pellets. The copper nanoflakes (CONF) have monoclinic CuO structure in XRD analysis. The kinetics of arsenic adsorption determined by varying arsenic content and dose of adsorbent for a period of 1 h revealed second order adsorption kinetics. The synthesized nano-flakes have potential application for arsenic removal from water well below safe limit. © 2017 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
Assessment of chemically characterised Abelmoschus moschatus medik. Seed essential oil as shelf life enhancer of herbal raw materials based on antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant efficacy
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2017) A.K. Dwivedy; M. Kumar; A. Kedia; P.K. Mishra; C.S. Chanotiya; N.K. Dubey
The study reports fungal biodeterioration of herbal raw materials of Adhatoda vasica Nees and Withania somnifera Dunal and assessment of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik seed essential oil (AMEO) as antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and antioxidant. Seven fungal species belonging to three genera were isolated from Adhatoda vasica leaves and Withania somnifera roots. The minimum inhibitory, fungicidal, and aflatoxin inhibitory concentrations of AMEO were found to be 1750, 5000, and 1250 ppm, respectively, against A. flavus LHP-WS-1, isolated from W. somnifera. The effect of AMEO over ergosterol content in the plasma membrane was assessed to test the mode of action on A. flavus. AMEO also exhibited broad fungitoxicity at its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and strong antioxidant property through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) analysis having IC50 value equal to 0.325 μL/mL. In view of strong antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and antioxidant activity, the AMEO may be recommended as botanical preservative for herbal raw materials in order to enhance their shelf life and to maintain their quality. © 2016 Societa Botanica Italiana.
Biological degradation of toluene by indigenous bacteria Acinetobacter junii CH005 isolated from petroleum contaminated sites in India
(Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University, 2018) Pardeep Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Ajay Kumar; Dhanesh Tiwary; P.K. Mishra
The bacterium Acinetobacter junii was isolated from petroleum-contaminated site in India and tested for its efficiency in degradation of toluene under aerobic condition. Within pH range 4–9, the optimum pH for toluene biodegradation was found to be 7.5. With increase in time, there was enhancement in degradation of toluene. Pure culture of Acinetobacter junii was able to degrade 69, 73 and 80% of 150, 100, and 50 ppm toluene, respectively, within 72 h at 37 °C. Simultaneous growth and degradation of toluene by the bacterium indicated the utilization of toluene as carbon source. After 72 h of treatment, toluene biodegradation was nearly stable. Scanning electron microscopic characterization of bacterial cells treated with toluene revealed the changes in surface morphology. Some of the cylindrical cells of bacterium got transformed into ovoid and spherical shape to escape the toluene toxicity. Degradation intermediates were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The major intermediate compounds identified after toluene degradation by bacteria were 1-isopropenyl-4-methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene; 1,3-Cyclohexadiene; 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl); 4-methoxycarbonyl-4-butanolide; and vinyl (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienoate, which are less-toxic in nature. The degradation of toluene into non-toxic intermediate compounds as well as the growth in the presence of toluene presents the suitability of Acinetobacter junii in biofiltration of toluene-containing petroleum waste. © 2018, Joint Center on Global Change and Earth System Science of the University of Maryland and Beijing Normal University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Bioremediation: A sustainable approach for management of environmental contaminants
(Elsevier, 2019) Pardeep Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Rishikesh Singh; Anwesha Borthakur; Sughosh Madhav; Arif Ahamad; Ajay Kumar; Dan Bahadur Pal; Dhanesh Tiwary; P.K. Mishra
The release of various inorganic and organic chemicals from various industries such as petrochemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agro-based industries, and tanneries is highly toxic to the environment and human health. Several processes and technologies such as physical, chemical, and advanced oxidation processes are available for treatment of these pollutants. However, these processes and technologies have their own limitations and the end products are also of toxic nature. Therefore, there is a need for identifying and exploring sustainable and eco-friendly methods which require a lesser amount of chemicals, are economically feasible, and produce nontoxic end products. The bioremediation approaches to clean up environmental pollutants are considered as emerging and sustainable methods recently. Bioremediation process is based on an integrated approach employing microbial communities such as actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. It is considered as a sustainable process for management of organic pollutants-rich solid wastes and wastewater. Many microorganisms metabolize toxic chemicals to produce CO2 or CH4, water, and biomass. These pollutants may be enzymatically altered to metabolites that are less noxious or innocuous. Moreover, the solid residue generated in this process has been found to have a potential influence on soil macro- and micronutrients, indicating its application as organic manure. However, bioremediation technique required more research for its establishment at a larger scale with an emphasis on the environmental consequences of the end products. In this chapter, we have performed a literature survey based on biological methods for the management of organic pollutants. Microbes responsible for degradation processes have also been presented in the later part of the chapter. In this chapter, a thorough understanding of the bioremediation processes and methods applied for abatement and remediation of organic pollutants has been described in detail. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemically characterized Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. essential oil for shelf life enhancer of herbal raw materials based on antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant activity, and favorable safety profile
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2016) P.K. Mishra; A. Kedia; N.K. Dubey
The study reports antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of chemically characterized Cymbopogon martinii essential oil (CMEO) against aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus causing infestation to stored herbal raw materials. In addition, the antioxidant activity and safety profile of CMEO were also assessed to recommend it as ideal preservative for stored herbal raw materials. The GC–MS of CMEO showed nerol as the major component (79.91%). CMEO inhibited growth and aflatoxin secretion of A. flavus LHPA9 at 0.5 and 0.4 μl/ml respectively, showing better efficacy over synthetic antimicrobial Propineb 70. It also exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against fungi causing postharvest deterioration of herbal raw materials. The TEM analysis of CMEO-treated fungal cells showed disruption of plasma-membrane and deformed cell organelles. The EO also caused inhibition of ergosterol content emphasizing plasma membrane as active site during antimicrobial action. CMEO also exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity (IC50 = 49 μl/ml) better than nerol, the major component of CMEO. The LD50 of CMEO, determined through oral administration on mice, was calculated as 2569.16 mg/kg body weight indicating its favorable safety profile as preservative. CMEO may thus be recommended as postharvest preservative in enhancement of shelf life of herbal raw materials against storage fungi, mycotoxins, and oxidative deterioration. © 2015 Società Botanica Italiana.
Collapsed and adsorbed states of a directed polymer chain in two dimensions
(2002) P.K. Mishra; Y. Singh
A phase diagram for a surface-interacting long flexible partially-directed polymer chain in a two-dimensional poor solvent, where the possibility of collapse in the bulk exists, is determined using exact enumeration methods. We used a model of self-attracting self-avoiding walks and evaluated 30 steps in series. An intermediate phase between the desorbed collapsed and adsorbed expanded phases, having the conformation of a surface-attached globule, is found. The four phases, viz., (i) desorbed expanded (DE), (ii) desorbed collapsed (DC), (iii) adsorbed expanded (AE), (iv) surface-attached globule (SAG), are found to meet at a multicritical point. These features are in agreement with those of an Isotropic (or non-directed) polymer chain.
Consensus routing and environmental discrete trust based secure AODV in MANETs
(Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2020) Radha Raman Chandan; P.K. Mishra
The Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network model for infrastructure-less communication, and it provides numerous applications in dierent areas. The MANET is vulnerable to a Black-hole attack, and it aects routing functionality by dropping all the incoming packets purposefully. The Black-hole attackers pretend that it always has the best path to the destination node to mislead the source nodes. Trust is the critical factor for detecting and isolating the Black-hole attackers from the network. However, the harsh channel conditions make it dicult to dierentiate the Black-hole routing activities and accurate trust measurement. Hence, incorporating the consensus-based trust evidence collection from the neighbouring nodes improves the accuracy of trust. For improving the accuracy of trust, this work suggests Consensus Routing and Environmental DIscrete Trust (CREDIT) Based Secure AODV. The CREDIT incorporates Discrete and Consensus trust information. The Discrete parameters represent the specific characteristics of the Black-hole attacks, such as routing behaviour, hop count deviation, and sequence number deviation. The direct trust accurately dierentiates the Black-hole attackers using Discrete parameters, only when the nodes perform sucient communication between the nodes. To solve such issues, the CREDIT includes the Consensus-based trust information. However, secure routing against the Black-hole attack is challenging due to incomplete preferences. The in-degree centrality and Importance degree measurement on the collected consensus-based trust from decision-makers solve the incomplete preference issue as well as improves the accuracy of trust. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). From the simulation results, it is proved that the detection accuracy and throughput of the proposed CREDIT are substantially high and the proposed CREDIT scheme outperforms the existing work © 2020, Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC).
Cost economy analysis of biomass-based biofuel production
(Elsevier, 2019) Neha Srivastava; Rahul Kumar Kharwar; P.K. Mishra
The vitality and role of energy is well known and accepted in world economies. However, ~ 90% of commercially made energy from nonrenewable fossil fuels are being used by the transport sector, and several drawbacks are associated with these highly demanding fossil fuels such as limited lifespan and the tremendous air pollution associated with them. The drawbacks and concerns related to fossil fuels have attracted the attention of environmentalists to search for similar or more efficient energy resources for a continuous and balanced supply of energy under sustainable environmental control, and biofuels are one of them. In spite of a lot of research in the biofuel area it has not been progressing well for practical implementation due to the high cost. Based on earlier studies the current cost of manufacturing ethanol is ~ Rs 95/L using sugarcane bagasse waste. Additionally, this cost may be further reduced by viable cost analysis, which may contribute to enhance the efficiency of bioethanol without affecting its manufacturing cost and long-term sustainability. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Defluoridation of groundwater using natural adsorbent
(Enviro Media, 2013) Nand Lal Singh; Neha Singh; Sujeet Kumar; P.K. Mishra
Fluoride is the major inorganic pollutant of natural origin found in groundwater. The safe limit of fluoride in drinking water is 1.0 mg/L (WHO). Several adsorbent materials have been tried in the past to find out an efficient and economical defluoridating agent. The most commonly used adsorbents are activated alumina and activated carbon. In present work, an effort has been made to remove the fluoride from groundwater by adsorption process. Rice-husk, saw-dust, naphtha ash have been used and adsorption has been studied by varying different parameters. Feasibility of adsorption at groundwater pH has been studied. It was found that among the three, Naphtha-ash acted as a good absorbent. Saw dust and rice husk also worked as good absorbents but saw dust requires contact time of 20 hrs for efficient adsorption while rice husk showed efficiency of 85-90% in contact period of 6hrs only. As Naptha ash is not available easily, and saw dust require a long contact period, rice husk, abundantly available in the region, can be used as a good adsorbent for removal of fluoride from groundwater. Copyright © EM International.
Discussion on damping factor value in pagerank computation
(Modern Education and Computer Science Press, 2017) Atul Kumar Srivastava; Rakhi Garg; P.K. Mishra
Web search engines use various ranking methods to determine the order of web pages displayed on the Search Engine Result Page (SERP). PageRank is one of the popular and widely used ranking method. PageRank of any web page can be defined as a fraction of time a random web surfer spends on that web page on average. The PageRank method is a stationary distribution of a stochastic method whose states are web pages of the Web graph. This stochastic method is acquired by combining the hyperlink matrix of the web graph and a trivial uniform process. This combination is needed to make primitive so that stationary distribution is well defined. The combination depends on the value of damping factor in α∈[0,1] the computation of PageRank. The damping factor parameter state that how much time random web surfer follow hyperlink structure than teleporting. The value of α is exceptionally empirical and in current scenario α = 0.85 is considered as suggested by Brin and Page. If we take α =0.8 then we can say that out of total time, 80% of time is taken by the random web surfer to follow the hyperlink structure and 20% time they teleport to new web pages randomly. Today web surfer gets worn out too early on the web because of non-availability of relevant information and they can easily teleport to new web pages rather than following hyperlink structure. So we have to choose some value of damping factor other than 0.85. In this paper, we have given an experimental analysis of PageRank computation for different value of the damping factor. We have observed that for value of α =0.7, PageRank method takes fewer numbers of iterations to converge than α =0.85, and for these values of α the top 25 web pages returned by PageRank method in the SERP are almost same, only some of them exchange their positions. From the experimental results it is observed that value of damping factor α =0.7 takes approximate 25-30% fewer numbers of iterations than α =0.85 to get closely identical web pages in top 25 result pages for personalized web search, selective crawling, intra-web search engine. © 2017 MECS.
Diversified courseware technology: A new hope to enhance the educational achievement of students with and without special needs in the inclusive classroom
(IEEE Computer Society, 2013) Pankaj Singh; Rakhi Garg; P.K. Mishra
The real classroom conditions are very challenging for the teachers and administrators because of having the diversified students with and without special needs in an inclusive classroom. It seems like the different colours of flowers in a single flask. To tackle the individual differences and to maximize the educational achievement of the every student it becomes necessary to upgrade the educational programs and course content in accordance with the diversified classroom situations. Diversified courseware technology honours the individual difference and satisfied the specific educational need of each student. Diversified Courseware technology enhances self-learning to students, teachers and trainers with the help of diagrams, animation, assessment tools, teaching notes and exercises. It has been observed that the usage of computer learning and courseware technology in education system has increased dramatically since its inception. The time and place is no more big issue in communication because of internet. However, more work is required to be done in the area of graphics to improve Diversified courseware technology to enhance the Educational Achievement of Students with and without Special Needs in the Inclusive Classroom. Through this paper we try to focus on the requirements and the challenges in the field of Diversified Courseware technology to enhance the Educational Achievement of Students with and without Special Needs in the Inclusive Classroom. We also emphasized on reading skill, application of computer in distance/regular mode, rural/tribal education and courseware technology for classroom aids, assessment software, reference software and various technology used in computer learning. © 2013 IEEE.
Does a surface attached globule phase exist?
(2003) P.K. Mishra; D. Giri; S. Kumar; Y. Singh
A long flexible neutral polymer chain immersed in a poor solvent and interacting with an impenetrable attractive surface exhibits a phase known as surface attached globule (SAG) in addition to other adsorbed and desorbed phases. In the thermodynamic limit, the SAG phase has the same free energy per monomer as the globular phase, and the transition between them is a surface transition. We have investigated the phase diagrams of such a chain in both two- and three-dimensions and calculated the distribution of monomers in different domains of the phase diagram. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.