Browsing by Author "P.K. Sharma"

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Addition of Crop Residues with Different C:N Ratios on the Release Pattern of Available Nitrogen and Sulfur in Different Soils
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Sreejan Singh; P.K. Sharma; Surendra Singh; Arvind Kumar
Mineralization of organic N and S of crop residue is an important useful tool for forecasting availability of N and S in soils. Three different soils (Vertisol, Inceptisol and Alfisol) from eastern Uttar Pradesh, India; seven crops residue, four cereals (rice, barley, maize, wheat) from irrigated area of Varanasi; and three pulses (gram lentil, pigeon pea) from rainfed area of Mirzapur were used in 90-day incubation study under controlled condition to estimate the release of soil available N and S. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Total Nitrogen (N) and total Sulfur (S) contents were higher in the pulses than that of cereals. Pulses residue with the lowest C:N:S ratio (177.0:3.7:1 to 195.8:4.5:1) had significantly rapid rate of N and S release up to 45 days and then declined at 60 and 90 days. On the other hand, cereals with the highest C:N:S ratio (390.8:4.3:1 to 463.6:5.0:1) had slow release of N and S up to 45 days and then rapid released at 60 and 90 days. Among pulses residue, pigeon pea has resulted significantly higher net release of soil available N and S at day 45 to the extent of 18.4 and 78.7% in Alfisol, 17.7 and 51.2% in Inceptisol, and 15.0 and 24.1% in Vertisol, respectively, over control. Among the cereals residue, barley residue amended Alfisol had higher net increase in available N at day 90 (13.2%) followed by Inceptisol (10.8%) and Vertisol (9.9%) over control. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Agenesis of the bladder: A rare clinical entity in a male child
(1993) S. Chooramani Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.P. Sharma; S.K. Pandit; P.K. Sharma
Agenesis of the bladder, one of the rarest anomalies of the urinary bladder, was for the first time managed successfully by primary ileocecal functional bladder reconstruction at the Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. The salient features along with a review of literature are presented. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.
Aging of brain: Role of estrogen
(2006) M.K. Thakur; P.K. Sharma
The brain undergoes many structural and functional changes during aging. Some of these changes are regulated by estrogens which act mainly through their intracellular receptors, estrogen receptor ERα and ERβ. The expression of these receptors is regulated by several factors including their own ligand estrogen, and others such as growth hormone and thyroid hormone. The levels of these factors decrease during aging which in turn influence estrogen signaling leading to alterations in brain functions. In the present paper, we review the effects of aging on brain structure and function, and estrogen action and signaling during brain aging. The findings suggest key role of estrogen in the maintenance of brain functions during aging. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Binding of estrogen receptor α promoter to nuclear proteins of mouse cerebral cortex: Effect of age, sex, and gonadal steroids
(2008) M.K. Thakur; P.K. Sharma
Majority of estrogen actions in the brain are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) α which in turn is regulated by several factors like circulating levels of gonadal steroid hormones 17β-estradiol and testosterone, sex and age of the organism. The expression of ERα is regulated through interaction between cis-elements of its promoter and proteins present in the nuclei. Here, we have used electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to analyze the effect of age, sex, 17β-estradiol, and testosterone on the binding of ERα promoter (-91 to +46 bp) to nuclear proteins from the mouse cerebral cortex. EMSA revealed the formation of three specific complexes in all groups. However, the intensity of these complexes varied as a function of age, sex and treatment with 17β-estradiol and testosterone. Nuclear proteins from the cerebral cortex of both sexes showed reduced binding with promoter fragment in old mice. Further, competition analysis indicated stronger binding in females than males of both ages. The extent of binding was reduced by 17β-estradiol and testosterone treatment in both ages and sexes. Thus, these findings demonstrate differential binding of nuclear proteins to mouse ERα promoter which may account for different functions of estrogen in the brain. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.
Bio-protective microbial agents from rhizosphere eco-systems trigger plant defense responses provide protection against sheath blight disease in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
(Elsevier GmbH, 2016) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah; Shailendra Singh; Jatindra K. Pradhan; Bhanu P. Singh; Manish Roy; Mohd Imram; Neelam Pathak; B.M. Baisyal; Jai P. Rai; B.K. Sarma; Rajiv K. Singh; P.K. Sharma; Saman Deep Kaur; M.C. Manna; Sushil K. Sharma; Arun K. Sharma
Sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major disease and attempts are being made to develop microbe based technologies for biocontrol of this pathogen. However, the mechanisms of biocontrol are not fully understood and still require indepth study in the backdrop of emerging concepts in biological systems. The present investigation was aimed at deciphering the mechanisms of biocontrol of sheath blight of rice employing Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum as model agents for biocontrol. Initially 25, 5 and 5 strains of P. fluorescens, T. viride and T. harzianum, respectively, were screened for their biocontrol potential. Out of which, six strains with higher value of percent inhibition of fungal mycelium in dual plate assay were selected. The role of P. fluorescens, T. viride and T. harzianum were investigated in induction and bioaccumulation of natural antioxidants, defence-related biomolecules and other changes in plant which lead not only to growth promotion but also protection from pathogenic stress conditions in rice. The two most promising strains, P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 selected on the basis of in planta evaluation, when applied individually or in combination, significantly enhanced the accumulation of defence-related biomolecules, enzymes and exhibited biocontrol potential against R. solani. A modified/newly developed delivery system was applied for the first time in the experiments involving inoculation of plants with both bioagents, viz. P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501. Results suggested that application of P. fluorescens PF-08 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 alone or in combination, not only helps in control of the disease but also increases plant growth along with reduction in application of toxic chemical pesticides. © 2016 Elsevier GmbH
Characterization and fertility assessment of soils of Markapur mandal, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh for sustainable land use planning
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2014) R.L. Ram; P.K. Sharma; N. Ahmed
A rapid reconnaissance soil survey of Markapur mandal of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh was carried out in 2009-10 using geo-referred false colour composite image (IRS-P6, LISS-III) and Survey of India (SOI) topo-maps (1:50,000 scale) set. The soils of hill side slope and undulating pediments developed over quartzite, sandstone and shale complex was shallow to moderately deep, brown (7.5 YR 4/4) to dark brown (7.5 YR 3/4) in colour, well drained with poor fertility. These soils are under forest, open scrub and rainfed farming in patches. The soils of pediplains and stream bank from shale was yellowish red (5 YR 4/6) to dark reddish brown (5 YR 3/3), deep to very deep low fertility and cultivated (rainfed) in pediplains but waste land in stream bank. The soils of undulating pediments and hill side slope were grouped under land capability class IV and VII whereas soils of pediplains and stream bank were placed under land capability class II and III respectively.
Chemical management of seed-borne diseases: Achievements and future challenges
(Springer Singapore, 2020) Udai B. Singh; Rajan Chaurasia; Nazia Manzar; Abhijeet S. Kashyap; Deepti Malviya; Shailendra Singh; Pooja Kannojia; P.K. Sharma; Imran Mohd.; A.K. Sharma
Seed is a basic and most important input for agriculture and high-quality seed is also required in international seed trading. There are many seed-borne diseases and pathogens that have negative impact on seed health and its quality. Seed-borne inoculums are the main source of primary infection leading to disease development. The disease gets established in the field wherever the infected seed is used and causes severe yield losses. Paul Neergaard is considered as father of seed pathology who has contributed a lot in the development of seed pathology. Seed-borne pathogenic microorganisms mainly fungi, viruses and bacteria are greatly affecting seed quality and cause diseases that affect seedling production in the nurseries. Management strategies for the control of various seed-borne diseases are mainly based on chemical seed treatment. Studies have been carried out with a view to find out the best way to use chemicals in seed production. Such studies are very few, and hence, there is a need to conduct further research so that new chemicals could be incorporated into seed-borne disease management programmes. We need to have additional ways to control diseases that are seed-borne, and chemical pesticides are effective against a wide spectrum of diseases. This chapter provides a brief review of seed-borne pathogen problems that affect seeds and discusses established and potential control practices by using chemicals like fungicides, insecticides or defence activators and further gives the future perspectives where focus should be given with respect to seed pathology and management of seed-borne disease. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Udai B. Singh; Deepti Malviya; Wasiullah; Shailendra Singh; Mohd. Imran; Neelam Pathak; Manzar Alam; Jai P. Rai; Rajiv K. Singh; B.K. Sarma; P.K. Sharma; Arun K. Sharma
Cell wall is one of the first lines of defence used by plants to restrict invading fungal pathogens. Lignin is a complex polymer of hydroxylated and methoxylated phenylpropane units (monolignols). Cell wall lignification can establish mechanical barriers to pathogen invasion and renders the cell wall more resistant to pathogen attack. Compatible salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbe-mediated induction of phenylpropanoid cascade and induced systemic responses against Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker causing spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is demonstrated and the details are being shared through this paper. Twelve rhizospheric microbial strains were tested against Bipolaris sorokiniana under in vitro condition on dual plate. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 and Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana and was used in further in planta assay. These selected antagonists were tested alone and in combination for induction of phenylpropanoid cascade in wheat infected with B. sorokiniana. Results showed that plants co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 up-regulated the phenylpropanoid cascade and manifold increase was recorded in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase, chitinase and other enzymes related to induced systemic resistance. Results also showed that significantly higher amounts of phenolic acids viz. gallic acid, ferulic acid were accumulated in the plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 as compared to individually inoculated and uninoculated control plants. Histopathological studies showed significantly higher cell wall lignification in plant leaves co-inoculated with B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 and T. harzianum UBSTH-501 than the plants under control. These results illustrate that microbe-mediated up-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is of critical importance for host defence against spot blotch pathogen invasion in wheat. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Consensus statement of HCV task force of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL). Part I: Status report of HCV infection in India
(Elsevier, 2014) Pankaj Puri; Anil C. Anand; Vivek A. Saraswat; Subrat K. Acharya; Radha K. Dhiman; Rakesh Aggarwal; Shivram P. Singh; Deepak Amarapurkar; Anil Arora; Mohinish Chhabra; Kamal Chetri; Gourdas Choudhuri; Vinod K. Dixit; Ajay Duseja; Ajay K. Jain; Dharmesh Kapoorz; Premashis Kar; Abraham Koshy; Ashish Kumar; Kaushal Madan; Sri P. Misra; Mohan V.G. Prasad; Aabha Nagral; Amarendra S. Puri; R. Jeyamani; Sanjiv Saigal; Shiv K. Sarin; Samir Shah; P.K. Sharma; Ajit Sood; Sandeep Thareja; Manav Wadhawan
Globally, around 150 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). India contributes a large proportion of this HCV burden. The prevalence of HCV infection in India is estimated at between 0.5% and 1.5%. It is higher in the northeastern part, tribal populations and Punjab, areas which may represent HCV hotspots, and is lower in western and eastern parts of the country. The predominant modes of HCV transmission in India are blood transfusion and unsafe therapeutic injections. There is a need for large field studies to better understand HCV epidemiology and identify high-prevalence areas, and to identify and spread awareness about the modes of transmission of this infection in an attempt to prevent disease transmission. © 2014 INASL.
Deformation dependence of 2p-radioactivity half-lives: probe with a new formula across the mass region with Z < 82
(Institute of Physics, 2023) G. Saxena; Mamta Aggarwal; D. Singh; A. Jain; P.K. Sharma; H.L. Yadav
Effect of deformation on half-life of two-proton (2p) radioactivity is investigated across the periodic chart for nuclei with Z < 82. 2p-decay half-lives are estimated by employing our newly proposed semi-empirical formula wherein the nuclear deformation has been incorporated in a phenomenological way. Robustness of the formula is demonstrated as it estimates the measured values quite accurately and, hence, reliably applied to predict the other possible 2p-emitters. For many proton rich nuclei for which experimental data on the decay energies are not available, we have used the theoretical values obtained from our calculations using the relativistic mean-field approach. The uncertainties in the theoretical decay energy values are minimised by machine learning technique. Correlation of 2p-radioactivity with 2p-halo and deformation is probed. Our calculations show the phenomenon of shape coexistence in several 2p-emitters, wherein the prolate shape is found to be more predominant for the ground state. © 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Dog bite of the prolapsed rectum in a child
(1993) S. Chooramani Gopal; A.N. Gangopadhyay; S.K. Pandit; S.P. Sharma; P.K. Sharma
A case of a dog bite of the massively prolapsed rectum in a 2-year-old male is reported due to its rarity. © 1993, Springer-Verlag. All rights reserved.
Effect of Long-Term Use of Organics with Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Nutrients Uptake under Rice (Oryza sativa)-Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Cropping System in an Inceptisols of Varanasi
(Indian journals, 2024) Munesh Kumar Shukla; A.P. Singh; P.K. Sharma
The long-term experiment has been continuing at research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi since 1985-1986 on rice-wheat cropping system. Field experiment was conducted during Rabi (winter) season of 2016-17. The experiment was conducted with 12 treatments replicated three times employing randomized block design. Out of which 6 treatments comprised with integration of organics with inorganic fertilizer supply system, 4 treatments included only chemical source of nutrients, one was farmer’s practices and one control. The organic sources of nutrients included were (i) Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (ii) Green manure (GM) Sesbania aculeata (dhaincha) (iii) Crop residues (CR) i.e. wheat straw. Chemical sources of nutrients were urea, diammonium phosphate, muriate of potash as per the treatments. The recommended level of N was partially substituted by 25% or 50% N either through FYM or wheat straw or green manure. The result indicated that highest N, P, K and S content and uptake in grain and straw was recorded in plots receiving 50% NPK+50% through FYM. Treatments which included organic matter along with chemical fertilizers showed higher concentration and uptake of nutrients (N, P, K and S). Concentration of nutrient elements in straw and grain increased due to effect of organic matter in case of N, P and K but remained almost unchanged in case of S. All the organic sources were at par for grain yield of wheat. Continued use of organics with inorganic fertilizers in an integrated manner could sustain yields of wheat and maintained adequate supply of nutrients. © 2024, Indian journals. All rights reserved.
Emergence of boron and sulphur deficiency in soils of chandauli, mirzapur, sant ravidas nagar and varanasi districts of eastern uttar pradesh
(IndianJournals.com, 2015) S.K. Singh; P. Dey; P.K. Sharma; Y.V. Singh; A.M. Latare; C.M. Singh; Dileep Kumar; Omkar Kumar; S.N. Yadav; S.S. Verma
Two thousand three hundred thirty four surface soil samples were collected from Chandauli, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh during 2011-12 under GPS and GIS based soil fertility mapping project. Analysis of these soil samples revealed the occurrence of acidic soils (pH <5.5) in Chandauli and Mirzapur districts. A wide variation in pH (4.5-10.4) indicated acidic to alkali nature of the soils in this region. These soils have electrical conductivity (EC) less than 1 dS m-1 and organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.6 to 13.3 g kg-1. High OC content was noticed in some Vindhyan low land soils of Chandauli and Mirzapur district. Available sulphur (S) content ranged from 0.43 to 165 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 16.10, 9.63, 13.05 and 12.36 mg kg-1 in Chandauli, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts, respectively. The corresponding deficiency of S in soils of these districts was 39, 63, 45 and 56 per cent. Nutrient index (NI) indicated S fertility level of low to medium. Soils were also found to be highly deficient in available boron (B), with mean contents of 0.55, 0.49, 0.66 and 0.62 mg kg-1 in Chandauli, Mirzapur, Sant Ravidas Nagar and Varanasi districts, respectively showing deficiency in 55, 61, 30 and 37 per cent soil samples. High magnitude of B deficiency was noticed in soils of Vikas Khand Nawgarh (94%) followed by Rajgarh (85%) and Marihan (80%), representing the area of low pH Vindhyan soils. © 2018, IndianJournals.com. All rights reserved.
Estrogen receptor α expression in mice kidney shows sex differences during aging
(2004) P.K. Sharma; M.K. Thakur
We have used semi quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting for the analysis of expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β mRNA and protein in the kidney of adult and old mice of both sexes. Uterus, a well-known target for estrogen action, was used for comparison. As compared to adult, the expression of both ER α mRNA and protein of old mice decreased in male but increased in female. However, unlike uterus, neither ERβ mRNA nor protein could be detected in the kidney of adult or old mice. Thus the present data reveal that the expression of ERα in mice kidney shows sex differences during aging. © 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β in mouse cerebral cortex: Effect of age, sex and gonadal steroids
(2006) P.K. Sharma; M.K. Thakur
Estrogen receptor (ER), which mediates the multiple effects of estrogen in brain, is regulated by several factors including its own ligand. In the present study, we have examined the effect of age, sex and gonadal steroids (estrogen and testosterone) on the level of ERα and ERβ in the cerebral cortex of AKR mice. Adult and old mice of both sexes were divided into four groups: intact, gonadectomized, 17β-estradiol treated and testosterone treated. Western blot analysis showed higher level of ERα and ERβ in the cerebral cortex of adult female than male mice. ERβ level decreased significantly with advancing age in both sexes, whereas 17β-estradiol supplementation decreased ERα level in old male and increased in old female, it also increased ERβ level in old male and adult female. On the other hand, testosterone treatment decreased ERα level significantly in old female and ERβ level in adult female but increased ERβ level in male mice of both ages. Thus, these findings showed that the expression of ERα and ERβ protein is differentially influenced by age, sex and gonadal steroids in the mouse cerebral cortex, suggesting differences in ER-mediated brain functions. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Forms of Acidity and Lime Requirement of Vindhyan Soils in Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(Indian journals, 2023) Sreejan Singh; P.K. Sharma; Surendra Singh
[No abstract available]
Forms of manganese in red soils of vindhyan region
(2011) Y.V. Singh; Rajesh Kumar; Surendra Singh; Janardan Yadav; P.K. Sharma
[No abstract available]
Genetic divergence analysis in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]
(Agri. Bio. Publishers, 2014) N.P. Singh; P.K. Sharma; Vivek Kumar; Vijay Kumar; V.K. Malik
Genetic diversity analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) was carried out by using Mahalanobis D2 analysis. Thirty genotypes were grouped into IV clusters for different quality characters. Cluster IV genotypes showed maximum value for plant height (185.73), number of secondary branches per plant (32.55) and days to 50% flowering (71.23). Whereas genotypes of cluster III showed maximum value for seed yield per plant (28.36 g), number of pods per plant (728.12) and chlorophyll content (3.60). Cluster recorded genotypes with lowest mean values for days to 50% flowering (54.00). Plant height contributed the maximum to the total divergence (40.5%) followed by days to maturity. The clustering pattern did not establish clear-cut relationship between genetic diversity and geographical diversity. The cultivars included in the diverse clusters can be used as promising parents for hybridization programme for obtaining high hetaeristic responses and thus better segregates in Indian mustard.
Guest-host interaction in ferroelectric liquid crystal-nanoparticle composite system
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2014) Pratap Dharmendra Singh; Swadesh Kumar Gupta; Satya Prakash Yadav; P.K. Sharma; A.C. Pandey; Rajiv Manohar
The present paper deals with the characterization of a ferroelectric liquid crystal-nanoparticle (FLC-NP) composite system. The dielectric, electrical and polarization property of the FLC-NP composite system have been studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Ferroelectric Cu-doped ZnO (Cu-ZnO) nanoparticles have been added to the pure ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) Felix 17/100. The nanoparticles are bigger in size as compared to FLC molecules; therefore, they distort the existing geometry of FLC matrix and set up an antiparallel correlation with the dipole moments of the host FLC molecules. This antiparallel correlation of guest-host geometry reduces the net ferroelectricity of the composite system and modifies all the physical properties of the pure FLC. The change in properties has been analysed and explained in the light of guest-host interaction. © Indian Academy of Sciences.
Impact of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
(2011) Chandra Mohan Singh; P.K. Sharma; Prem Kishor; P.K. Mishra; A.P. Singh; Rajhans Verma; P. Raha
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2005-06 at the Agricultural Research Farm, T.D. College Jaunpur, in randomized block design with three replications to assess the effect various types of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield attributes and NPK acquisition. The results revealed that growth attributes viz. number of tillers hill-1 and plant height significantly increased due to presence of nitrification inhibitors in nimco fertilizer, they slowly supplied nitrogen to plant and decreased the looses of nutrients resulting more nitrogen available to plant. Combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers increased the dry matter accumulation, number of grains spike-1, grain yield, straw yield and NPK uptake by wheat crop compare to treatment T2 where full dose of NPK applied through urea, single superphosphate and murate of potash. Application of 50% N through nimco and 50% through Bhu amrit showed maximum number of tillers hill-1, plant height, number of grains spike-1, dry matter accumulation and test weight. The highest grain and straw yield of wheat to the extent of 44.9 and 69.56 q ha-1, respectively was obtained where recommended dose of nitrogen was applied in ratio of 1/2:1/2: through nimco and Bhu amrit, respectively. © 2011 Knowledgia Review, Malaysia.