Browsing by Author "P.P. Singh"

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Analysis of the excitation functions from alpha particle induced reactions up to 120 MeV
(Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 1997) S. Mukherjee; N.L. Singh; A.V. Mohan Rao; L. Chaturvedi; P.P. Singh
Alpha particle induced reactions in the target element niobium were investigated in the energy range 30 to 120MeV. Thirteen excitation functions were measured for the production of 96Tc, 95m+gTc, 95Nb, 92mNb, 90Nb, 88Zr, 88Zr, 88Zr, 88Y, 87m+gY and 88Y. Secondly a comparison with a pre-equilibrium index model has been made using the initial exciton number n0 = 4 (4p0h) and level density parameter a = A/8. In general the shapes of the excitation functions were fairly well reproduced with the model predictions. However, the agreement between theoretical and experimental excitation functions for the (a, zzxnyp) type of reactions is only within a factor of 5.
Effect of IPNS on yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
(2013) P.P. Singh; R. Meena; Rashmi Panwar; M.A. Khan
An experiment was carried out to study the response of integrated nutrient supply (IPNS) on yield traits of maize e.g., total number of cobs in net plot, cob weight (q ha-1), number of rows/ cob, number of grains/row, number of grains/cob and 1000 grain weight on average basis ranged from 57.07 to 71.67 thousand ha-1, 38.85 to 60.62 q ha-1, 13.47 to 17.16, 32.70 to 35.07, 415.29 to 566.93 and 170.70 to 224.86 g, respectively. The values of these parameters recorded highest under treatment T3 (FYM + Chem.) which were at par with T8 (Azotobacter + Rhizobium + PSB + FYM + Chem.) and these were significantly superior to rest of the treatments during both the years of study. Grain yield 33.13 to 52.56 q ha-1, stover yield 40.32 to 60.76 q ha-1, total biological yield 73.44 to 113.32 q ha-1, grain: strover ratio and harvest index of maize on an average ranged from 0.82 to 0.87 and 45.11 to 46.38 %, respectively. In these parameters, significant increase was recorded in the treatments received organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizer sources of nutrients in combined form.
Effects of some drugs influencing brain monoamines on body temperature of albino rat
(1978) P.P. Singh; S.K. Bhattacharya; R. Bose; P.K. Das
The effect of drugs like monoamine depletors, neuronolytic agents, synthesis inhibitors, precursors, receptor agonists and antagonists, metabolism and re-uptake inhibitors which are known to affect brain monoamine activity was studied on the rectal temperature of albino rats at room temerature (25° ± 1° C). Changes of brain noradrenaline or serotonin had little or no effect on normal body temperature, but inhibition and enhancement of dopamine activity produced hyperthermia and hypothermia, respectively. The results suggest that while temperature regulation in response to changes in external or internal environment involves brain noradrenaline and serotonin, normal body temperature at constant temperature is not altered by induced changes in brain noradrenaline or serotonin. However in similar circumstances dopamine can affect body temperature.
Excitation functions of alpha particle induced reactions in cobalt in the energy range 10-120 MeV using variable energy cyclotrons
(1987) J.Rama Rao; A.V.Mohan Rao; S. Mukherjee; R. Upadhyay; N.L. Singh; S. Agarwal; L. Chaturvedi; P.P. Singh
Alpha particle induced reactions on the target element cobalt were investigated from 10 to 120 MeV, using foil stack activation technique and the Ge(Li) gamma ray spectroscopy method. Ten excitation functions for reaction residues 51Cr, 52,54Mn, 56,57Ni, 59Fe and 56,57,58,60Co were measured, of which 59Co(α, p6n)56Ni reaction was measured for the first time. A comparison with pre-equilibrium hybrid model was made using initial exciton number, n0 = 4 (4pOh). It is observed that for (α, xnypzα) type reactions the agreement is within a factor of 2, while for (α, xnyp) type the disagreement is generally by more than an order of magnitude. © 1987.
Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Deepak Kumar Mahanta; Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi; J. Komal; Ipsita Samal; R.M. Nikhil; Amit Umesh Paschapur; Gaurav Singh; P. V. Dinesh Kumar; H.R. Desai; Mohammad Abbas Ahmad; P.P. Singh; Prasanta Kumar Majhi; U. Mukherjee; Pushpa Singh; Varun Saini; Shahanaz; N. Srinivasa; Yogesh Yele
Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation are some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection are required for the recognition of foreign pathogens such as the proteins that recognize glucans and peptidoglycans, together referred to as PGRPs and βGRPs. Activation of these receptors leads to the stimulation of signaling pathways which further activates the genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides. Some instances of such pathways are the JAK-STAT, Imd, and Toll. The host immune response that frequently accompanies infections has, however, been circumvented by diseases, which may have assisted insects evolve their own complicated immune systems. The role of ncRNAs in insect immunology has been discussed in several notable studies and reviews. This paper examines the most recent research on the immune regulatory function of ncRNAs during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- and pathogen-encoded miRNAs and lncRNAs, and provides an overview of the important insect signaling pathways and effector mechanisms activated by diverse pathogen invaders. Copyright © 2023 Mahanta, Bhoi, Komal, Samal, Nikhil, Paschapur, Singh, Kumar, Desai, Ahmad, Singh, Majhi, Mukherjee, Singh, Saini, Shahanaz, Srinivasa and Yele.
Interaction of cannabis, reserpine & chlorpromazine on body temperature & mechanism of hyperthermic response to cannabis in tolerant albino rats
(1978) P.P. Singh; S.K. Bhattacharya; P.K. Das
Studies were conducted to compare hypothermic effects and interactions of cannabis, reserpine and chlorpromazine (CPZ) in albino rats. Attempt was made to study the mechanism of hyperthermic effect of cannabis in tolerant rats. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of the resin was estimated to be 17%. Cannabis resin was given orally in the dose of 50 mg/kg. Imipramine (IMP)-induced hypothermia was potentiated in cannabis-tolerant rats, partially inhibited in reserpine-tolerant rats and blocked in CPZ treated rats. In cannabis-tolerant rats, treatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine or 6-hydroxydopamine intracerebroventricularly blocked the hyperthermic responses of cannabis. Groups of rats were administered daily, for 7 days, cannabis, reserpine or CPZ (pretreatment) and for the subsequent 7 days each group was administered 1 of the other 2 drugs. These interaction studies shows partial cross-tolerance between cannabis and reserpine; pretreatment with cannabis or reserpine for 7 days inhibits the development of tolerance to the second drug; CPZ pretreatment blocks initially hypothermic activity of reserpine and cannabis, pretreatment with cannabis or reserpine blocks the hypothermic activity of CPZ for prolonged periods, and pretreatment with CPZ for 7 days inhibits the development of tolerance to cannabis but not to that of reserpine. Studies indicate that the hyperthermic action of cannabis in tolerant rats is centrally mediated by NA. Studies further show that, though the hypothermic action of cannabis and reserpine is central in origin and mediated through NA, the mechanism of action of both these drugs on adrenergic neurones is not similar. In addition, there are interesting but unexplained interactions between cannabis, reserpine and CPZ.
Non-equilibrium effects in alpha-particle-induced reactions in light, medium and heavy nuclei up to 120 mev
(1987) J. Rama Rao; A.V. Mohan Rao; S. Mukherjee; R. Upadhyay; N.L. Singh; S. Agarwal; L. Chaturvedi; P.P. Singh
Alpha-particle-induced reactions on the target elements vanadium, niobium and holmium were investigated in the energy range from 10 to 120 MeV, using the foil stack activation technique and Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectroscopy. The excitation functions of six reactions of the (alpha, xn) type were studied, of which three reactions 51V(alpha, n)54Mn, 165Ho(alpha ,2n)167Tm and 165Ho(alpha ,4n)165Tm were measured for the first time in the energy range from 80 to 120 MeV. A preliminary theoretical comparison with the pre-equilibrium hybrid model was made using an initial exciton number of n0=4 (4p0h) and general agreement was found for all except the 51V(alpha , n) and 93Nb(alpha , n) reactions at high energies. © 1987 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to INM on growth, yield, content and soil fertility status after harvest the crop
(Enviro Media, 2014) Ramawatar Meena; P.P. Singh; R.K. Dadhich; A.K. Verma; D.K. Tiwari
A pot culture study was conducted to study the response of wheat to poultry manure and nitrogen levels at Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra. Nitrogen-poultry manure interaction has been studied in pot experiments on soil low in fertility with wheat (triticum aestivum L.). The treatments were taken in factorial combination of four levels of N (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) and three levels of poultry manures (0,10 and 20 tones ha-1) applied through urea (NH2-CO-NH2) and poultry manure, respectively. The grain and straw yield increased with the application of N and Poultry manure individually, yield increased when N and Poultry manure were applied in different combinations. The contents of N, P and K were also improved by the crop. Available N, P & K status in soil after harvest of the crop increased with nitrogen and poultry manure application. © EM International.
Role of catecholamines in the hypothermic activity of cannabis in albino rats
(Springer-Verlag, 1976) P.P. Singh; P.K. Das
Role of brain monoamines in the hypothermic activity of cannabis resin (CI) in albino rats was studied using agents which influence monoamine synthesis, storage, release, reuptake, metabolism and receptor activity and monoaminergic neuronal activity. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol content of resin was estimated to be 17%. Reserpine was used for comparison. CI was given orally in the dose of 50 mg/kg. Nialamide (NM) and α-methyl-metatyrosine (MMT) caused slight hyperthermia. p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), α-methyl-p-tyrosine (MPT), 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT, icv) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD, icv) had no effect on body temperature. α-Methyldopa (m-Dopa), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), DDC with l-Dopa, gammabutyrolactone (GBL), phentolamine (PHENT), phenoxybenzamine (PBZ), propranolol (PROP) and imipramine (IMP) produced hypothermia. Hypothermic activity of CI was potentiated by NM and PCPA, unaffected by DHT and m-Dopa, blocked by MMT, MPT, 6-HD, GBL, PHENT, PROP and chlorpromazine (CPZ), inhibited by DDC, DDC and l-Dopa and PBZ. CI induced hyperthermia in tolerant rats could be reversed to hypothermia by IMP. Reserpine hypothermia was blocked by NM, MPT, 6-HD and CPZ. There was a partial cross tolerance between cannabis and reserpine. Studies indicate that the hypothermic activity of CI similar to that of reserpine is mediated through central catecholamines and not 5-HT, and that noradrenaline is involved and not dopamine. However, the mechanism of action of cannabis and reserpine on nor-adrenergic neurone seems to be different. © 1976 Springer-Verlag.
Studies on the interactions of copper and cannabis
(Springer-Verlag, 1978) P.P. Singh; P.K. Das
The action of copper (CuSO4, 5mg/kg, oral) on selected neuropharmacological actions of cannabis resin (CI, oral) was studied on albino rats and mice. Copper potentiated the barbiturate hypnosispotentiating activity of CI in albino rats and mice and had no effect on hypothermic activity in albino rats. Single doses of copper partially inhibited tolerance to barbiturate hypnosis-potentiation activity and markedly delayed the development of tolerance to hypothermic activity of CI. Oral as well as i.c.v. copper (CuSO4, 0.1 μg) in single dose antagonised the tolerance to hypothermic activity of cannabis or THC for to two weeks. Copper-CI interaction could be antagonised by penicillamine. Zinc (ZnSO4, 5 mg/kg, oral) had an action similar to that of copper in antagonising the development of tolerance to the hypothermic activity of CI, but magnesium (MgSO4, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of any such action. Studies indicate that, although copper has no significant neuropharmacological action, it interacts with CI activity, especially in tolerant rats, in effects on hypothermia. The site of action of copper is possibly the hypothalamus, where it inhibits the processes of tolerance development to CI on the noradrenergic neurone. © 1978 Springer-Verlag.
Tolerance to cannabis in albino rats
(1977) P.P. Singh; P.K. Das
Studies were conducted on resin extracted from Cannabis indica to study the phenomenon of tolerance and also the effect of continuous administration of cannabis on learning and extinction of learned behavior in albino rats. The rats developed tolerance to hypothermic, barbiturate hypnosis potentiating, analgesic and anticonvulsant activities of cannabis very rapidly; and the disappearance of tolerance was very slow. The rate of disappearance was relatively quicker in hypothermic activity and slow in analgesic activity. There was no cross tolerance between cannabis and pentobarbitone. Tolerance did not develop to either increased or decreased locomotor activity or to hyperthermic action in tolerant rats. Short term treatment with cannabis did not adversely affect body weight or the rate of learning or rate of extinction of learned behavior.