Browsing by Author "P.S. Chauhan"

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Environmental impacts of organic fertilizers usage in agriculture
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012) P.S. Chauhan; A. Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh; M.H. Ibrahim
Nowadays expansion of global population is responsible for increasing the food demand. Use of intensive farming techniques is creating not only localized ecological disasters, but in many places having impacts across countryside. Because of intensive farming, physico-chemical properties of soil are affected and that consequently results in decreased soil fertility. In order to produce more food with limited space, farmers utilize several techniques. One of the best techniques is application of different types of inorganic and organic fertilizers in soil that consequently maintain the soil nutrients level. It allows plant to grow, flourish, and deal with pests, diseases and environmental stresses. Uses of organic fertilizer along with inorganic fertilizers are recommended to maintain the integrated nutrient management (INM) systems in soil. These systems are needed to maintain sustainable agricultural productivity and also to reduce possible environmental degradation from inorganic fertilization. Organic fertilizers provide a broad range of nutrients and are helpful in maintaining the soil health. It flourishes the rhizosphere micro-flora by providing nutrients that stimulate growth of plants. However, in the above context the present chapter deals with utilization of organic fertilizers in agriculture and its effect on environment. © 2012 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation lead to structural alterations in mouse model and protective effects of intranasal curcumin: A comparative study
(Elsevier Doyma, 2016) Subhashini; P.S. Chauhan; R. Singh
Background: Antigen exposure and persistent inflammation leads to structural changes in the asthmatic airways which are collectively termed as "airway remodelling". Presently available asthma medications ameliorate inflammations but are unable to prevent or reverse the airway remodelling process as most of the treatment strategies are only focused on inflammation instead of remodelling. Methods: Curcumin, a phytochemical present in the rhizome of Curcuma longa is well known for its anti-inflammatory activity; however, the main drawback is its poor bioavailability which limits its therapeutic approval. So, the effect of nasal curcumin on acute and chronic asthma has been studied where short exposure to ovalbumin (4 days) represents acute phase whereas repeated exposures for longer (twice per week till 5 weeks) represents chronic asthma. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as standard drugs in acute and chronic model of asthma respectively. Results: OVA-induced airway inflammation initiated in acute stage led to remodelling due to persistent inflammation, epithelial and sub epithelial thickening (smooth muscle thickening), extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus plug formation. Intranasal curcumin is effective in inhibiting airway inflammation and remodelling both by maintaining the structural integrity of lungs in terms of inflammation, airway wall thickening and mucus production. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that curcumin administered through nasal route might prove therapeutically efficient in inhibiting allergic airway inflammations and maintaining structural integrity in the mouse model of allergic asthma. This may lead to the development of curcumin aerosol in near future. © 2016 SEICAP.