Browsing by Author "Pankaj Kalia"

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Historical advancements in targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems
(Elsevier, 2025) Snigdha Singh; Pankaj Kalia; Raj N. Kumar; Swati Pundir; Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Anurag Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthı; Santosh Kumar Singh; Amit Kumar Singh
This inclusive examination of the evolution of nanoscale drug delivery systems (DDSs) elucidates the profound impact these technologies have exerted on modern medicine. From the seminal development of liposomal encapsulation in the 1960s to contemporary advancements in polymeric micelles, dendrimer-based carriers, and CRISPR–Cas9 delivery vectors, the progression of nanotechnology has markedly enhanced therapeutic precision and efficacy. Notable innovations, particularly in oncological applications, include the deployment of polyethylene glycol conjugation and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, which have substantially improved the stability, pharmacokinetic profiles, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Nonetheless, several challenges persist, including the scale-up of manufacturing processes, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and biocompatibility and toxicity concerns. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into nanoparticle design and optimization offers a promising avenue for overcoming these obstacles. AI and ML methodologies have the potential to expedite the discovery of novel nanocarriers formulations, predict biological interactions with high accuracy, and streamline the development pipeline. As these technologies evolve, they may facilitate ground breaking advancements in the treatment of complex diseases such as malignancies, genetic disorders, and chronic conditions. The future landscape of nanomedicine is poised to offer increasingly personalized, efficacious, and safe therapeutic options, with emerging innovations such as nanorobots and biodegradable nanomaterials anticipated to revolutionize therapeutic paradigms. Continued research into the biodegradability and biocompatibility of nanomaterials is expected to address current limitations, ensuring that these advanced DDSs are both effective and safe for clinical applications. The advent of “smart” nanocarriers capable of real-time monitoring and adaptive responses to physiological fluctuations could further enhance therapeutic precision and patient outcomes. The ongoing evolution of nanoscale DDSs is poised to drive significant advancements in precision medicine, transforming disease management strategies and heralding a new era of therapeutic possibilities. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Porous silicon nanocarriers for the management of neurodegenerative disorders
(Elsevier, 2025) Devinder Kumar; Raj N. Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Snigdha Singh; Anand Prakash Maurya; Anurag Kumar Singh; Rajendra Awasthı; Santosh Kumar Singh
Porous silicon (PSi) nanocarriers are gaining a lot of attention in nanomedicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Aside from their complicated pathophysiology, NDs, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, present unique challenges due to the difficulty for therapeutic agents to cross the blood–brain barrier. Since PSi nanocarriers have tunable porosity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, they enable the effective loading and controlled release of a variety of therapeutic agents. Due to its porous structure and large surface area, peptides, nucleic acids, and small molecules are encapsulated in PSi, improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. As recent findings show, it is now possible to make pSi nanoparticles to deliver neuroprotective agents directly to targeted neuronal cells, improving treatment outcomes. Delivery of therapeutics to specific brain regions can be enabled by functionalizing PSi with specific ligands or antibodies, improving its targeting capabilities. In addition, since conventional treatments often require high dosages and frequent administration, the ability of PSi nanocarriers to support sustained drug release can significantly reduce side effects. With PSi's controlled release profile, therapeutic drug levels can be maintained in the bloodstream for extended periods, improving patient compliance and overall treatment effectiveness. Pharmaceutical administration is not the only use for PSi nanocarriers; they have also shown promise in diagnostic applications, allowing simultaneous imaging and monitoring of treatment effects. Due to its dual purpose, PSi positions itself as a flexible platform for theranostic applications in of neurological diseases. Despite encouraging developments, there are still difficulties in the clinical implementation of PSi-based therapies. Research is presently being carried out on their synthesis and surface modification to improve the stability and mitigate the potential toxicity of pSi nanoparticles. To enable their integration into clinical practice, issues related to large-scale manufacturing and regulatory approval processes must also be resolved. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Porous silicon nanoparticles in codelivery of drugs for improved cellular uptake and targeted drug delivery
(Elsevier, 2025) Raj N. Kumar; Pankaj Kalia; Sunil Dutt; Devinder Kumar; Anurag Kumar Singh; Santosh Kumar Singh; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
Problems with physicochemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity frequently cause small compounds’ failure in drug discovery and development. By altering these characteristics, nanotechnology offers an option that enhances the use of medication, safety, and effectiveness while preventing drug degrading and managing release. Because of their high surface area, considerable pore volume, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have become a viable drug delivery platform. pSiNPs are very useful for codelivery systems because of their properties, which allow them to load and release large quantities of medicinal compounds. When medications are codelivered utilizing pSiNPs, they can have synergistic benefits in complicated conditions like cancer, where the combined action of the pharmaceuticals is more successful than separate therapy. For instance, coadministering chemotherapeutics and gene-silencing agents like siRNA can increase the anticancer effects while lowering treatment resistance. In addition, pSiNPs increase cellular absorption by making it easier for biological barriers to be crossed and permitting receptor-mediated endocytosis, which targets certain tissues or cells and reduces off-target effects while boosting therapeutic efficiency. Drug delivery to unhealthy cells, such as HER2-positive breast cancer cells, may be precisely targeted by attaching targeting ligands, like antibodies, to the surface of pSiNPs. Drug delivery is further improved by the controlled release characteristics of pSiNPs, which guarantee a sustained release throughout time, lower the frequency of administration, and increase patient compliance. Long-term hazards are reduced as their biodegradability prevents pSiNPs from building up in the body. In general, pSiNPs are a flexible and efficient drug delivery technology that has the potential to greatly enhance treatment results, especially when treating complicated diseases like cancer. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Quantum Dots and Nanoprobes for Bioimaging
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Raj Kumar; Devinder Kumar; Sunil Dutt; Pankaj Kalia; Brijesh Pawan Kumar
The development of bioimaging with novel visualisation techniques to track biological processes and enhance illness detection has been aided by quantum dots (QDs) and nanoprobes. The non-invasive analysis of anatomical and functional aspects made possible by advances in bioimaging technology has completely changed medical diagnosis. Before the discovery of quantum confinement increased the potential uses of QDs in bioimaging and sensing, their research was originally concentrated on semiconductor LED applications. Nanoprobes have altered and revolutionised biomedical/clinical diagnostics as well as medical diagnostics (biomedicine) by imaging not only at the molecular level but also genetically based biochemistry. Significant growth in nanotechnology is crucial, especially in preclinical imaging studies that examine the application of nanoparticles for treatment and diagnosis. The formerly impractical potential of nanomaterial applications is becoming possible attributable to these research and development advances. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.